Six countries in North Africa
North Africa refers to the Sahara Desert in northern Africa and the vast area north of Africa, referred to as North Africa, usually including the Arab Republic of Egypt (Referred to as Egypt), the Republic of the Sudan (Abbreviation Sudan), the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Abbreviation Libya), the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (Abbreviation Algeria), the Republic of Tunisia (Abbreviation Tunisia), the Kingdom of Morocco (Abbreviation Morocco) and Western Sahara Region. North Africa can be divided into North Africa (including Sudan, Egypt and Libya) and North West Africa (also known as the Maghreb, including Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia). With an area of 266,000 square kilometers and a population of nearly 600,000, Western Sahara is an independent region. Tunisia is the smallest of the six North African countries with a land area of 164,000 square kilometers and a population of 1,170 (2019); Libya is the least populous of the six North African countries with a population of 6.37 million (2017) and an area of 1.76 million square kilometers. North Africa has a total area of 8.37 million square kilometers and a total population of about 250 million.
Flag of Egypt
The economic development level of the six north African countries is not high, the highest per capita GDP is Libya (5019 US dollars), the lowest is Sudan (714 US dollars), Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco are between 3000 and 4000 US dollars (2019 IMF data, according to international exchange rates). According to the 2019 Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Programme, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt were "high HDI countries" in 2018, Morocco was a "moderate HDI country" and Sudan was a "low HDI country". Sudan is also recognized by the United Nations as the "Least Developed Country of the World".
Map of North Africa
Berbers
The earliest inhabitants of North Africa were the Berbers, a Europa-Mediterranean-type race, speaking semitic Berber (Arabic is also Semitic), scattered in the vast area from the Atlas Mountains and the Atlantic coast in the west, to the Libyan desert in the east, to the Mediterranean coast in the north; they had established the Kingdom of Numidia in the 3rd century BC, the capital of Silta (today's Constantine, Algeria), from nomadic to sedentary farming, planting wheat, barley, dates, etc., creating writing, It became a great power in the Mediterranean until it was destroyed by Rome in 46 BC. The Berbers established the Muwahid Islamic Dynasty (known in Spanish as the Almohad Dynasty) in the 12th and 13th centuries AD, covering a large area of present-day southern Spain, all of Morocco, northern Algeria, northern Tunisia and northern Libya, with Marrakech (present-day Morocco) and Seville (present-day Spain) as their capitals, developing agriculture, commerce, building mosques and religious schools. In the 13th century, the Moors (descendants of the Berbers of medieval North Africa mixed with Arabs and black Africans) established the Kingdom of Granada emir in today's southern Spain, and built the exquisite "Alhambra Palace" (the palace of the King of the Emir of Glalarda, in present-day Granada, Spain, known as the "City of Palaces" and "Wonders of the World"). After the 14th century AD, the Arabs moved into North Africa in a big way, and in the 16th and 17th centuries, the Saad dynasty (the Islamic dynasty established by the Arabs in Morocco) was established, and the Berbers were assimilated in large numbers, and a small number of unwilling to be assimilated were forced to flee into the deep mountains of Atlas and the depths of the Sahara Desert. At present, most of the Berbers in North Africa are predominantly agricultural residents, adhere to Islam, practice monogamy, women preside over household chores, go out without veils, and move freely. The total number of Berbers is now more than 10 million, with 80 per cent living in Morocco and Algeria; Berbers make up about 20 per cent of Morocco's total population, about 19 per cent of Algeria's total population and about 10 per cent of Tunisia's total population.
Flag of Libya
Flag of Tunisia
The vast majority of north Africans in today's North African region are North African Arabs, 95% of the Libyan population, 90% of the Egyptian population, 90% of the Tunisian population, 80% of the Algerian population, 75% of the Moroccan population, 50% of the Sudanese population are Arabs; Practice Islam (mostly Sunni). North African Arabs migrated from the Arabian Peninsula with the spread of Islam since the 7th century AD, and by modern times half of them live in cities engaged in industry, mining and services, and most of the Arabs living in the countryside are also settled in farming.
The world's largest desert - the Sahara Desert
The Sahara Desert is the world's largest desert and the second largest desert on earth after Antarctica, located in the north of the African continent, north to the Mediterranean Sea and atlas mountains, south to sudan, Chad, Niger, Mali around the Sahel steppe (about 14 degrees north latitude near the semi-desert, 250 mm equal rainfall line line line), west to the Atlantic coast, east to the Red Sea, east to west 4800 kilometers, north and south 1300 to 1900 kilometers, the total area of about 9 million square kilometers, accounting for nearly 1/3 of the total area of Africa. The Sahara Desert is divided into Several parts, such as Western Sahara, Central Arid Plateau Mountain, Eastern Libya Desert, etc., the terrain is mainly plateaus, plain terraces and depression basins, the highest point is in the Qusi Mountains at an altitude of 3415 meters in northwestern Chad, the lowest point is the Qatara Depression in northern Egypt at an altitude of -133 meters; the main plateaus are Tibes Plateau (northern Chad), the Greater Gilev Plateau (southwestern Egypt), the Akhajar Plateau (southern Algeria), the Ayir Plateau (north-central Niger), etc., with an altitude of more than 500~ 1500 meters; the plain is mainly on the northern coast of Libya and the mediterranean coast of northern Algeria.
An oasis in the Libyan desert
Dromedary camels in the Sahara Desert
The Sahara Desert was formed about 5 million years ago, controlled by the subtropical high pressure zone and the northeast trade wind belt all year round, drought and little rainfall, the highest evaporation rate in the world, and a large area of the world with zero precipitation for many consecutive years, which is a tropical desert climate. The Arid Landforms of the Sahara Desert are diverse, consisting of stony deserts (rock deserts), gravel deserts and deserts; rock deserts are mostly in the eastern and central Sahara, where the terrain is higher; gravel deserts are mostly found between deserts and rocky deserts; deserts are the most extensive landforms in the Sahara, famous such as the Libyan Desert, the Great Eastern Desert (east-central Algeria), the Great Desert in the West (Western Algeria), the Rabyana Desert (southeastern Libya), the Shesh Desert (northern Mali and southwestern Algeria), the Al-Juf Desert (northern Mauritania), The Great Desert of Bilma (northeast of Niger), etc. The Libyan Desert is located in the northeast of the Sahara Desert, including central and western Egypt and eastern Libya, a plateau with high south and low north (mostly 100 to 500 meters above sea level), an area of 1.7 million square kilometers, tall sand dunes stretching endlessly, poor surface water but widely distributed groundwater, shallow burial, and many oases formed at the outcrop; the famous oases in the Libyan desert are Siwa Oasis (northwest Egypt), Jalu Oasis (the largest oasis in eastern Libya) and so on. The dunes of the Sahara Desert are complex and diverse, ranging from tall fixed dunes to lower flowing dunes, as well as large areas of fixed and semi-fixed dunes.
Atlas Mountains
The Atlas Mountains, located in the northwestern part of the African continent, run in a northeast-east-southwest-west direction across Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, separating the southwestern shore of the Mediterranean Sea from the Sahara Desert, are 2,400 km long and 450 km wide from north to south, with the highest peak being The Toubkal (4,167 m above sea level) in southwestern Morocco. The Atlas Mountains are geologically young folded mountains associated with the European Alpine system, unlike the vast and ancient plateaus of the African continent; the Atlas Mountains are divided into the Middle Atlas Mountains (in Morocco), the Great Atlas Mountains (in Morocco, the main vein with an average altitude of 2500 meters), the Taylor Atlas Mountains (northern Algeria), the Sahara Atlas Mountains (algeria) and so on. The tall Atlas Mountains intercepted a part of the water vapor from the west, and the rainwater brought by them moisturized the desolate mountains, forming a subtropical mountain forest on the northwest slope of the Atlas Mountains (olive trees, fig trees, Atlas cedars, etc., but there was no forest on the southern slopes), giving birth to the Umrabia River, the Seb River and other rivers, the Umrabia River is the longest river in Morocco, 556 kilometers long, flowing into the Atlantic Ocean.
Mediterranean macaque
In morocco, Algeria in the Atlas mountains live an endangered precious animal - Mediterranean macaque, is a more special animal in the genus of macaques, the main features are short tail, with stored food cheek sac, inhabited in the Atlas cedar forest, mainly eat grass, leaves, fruits, bark, etc., there are currently 1200 to 2000.
The land of the Negroes — the Republic of the Sudan
Located in northeast Africa, along the Red Sea coast and at the eastern end of the Sahara Desert, the Republic of the Sudan has a land area of 1.886 million square kilometers, making it the third largest country in Africa (after Algeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo), ranking second among the six countries in North Africa. Sudan has a long history and has been inhabited by Nubians for generations. From 2800 BC to 1000 BC, it was part of ancient Egypt, and about 950 BC it broke away from Egyptian rule and established the Kingdom of Kush. After the 7th century, the Arabs entered in large numbers, the Kingdom of Fenji appeared in the 15th century, the Fur people established the Kingdom of Kordofan and the Sultanate of Darfur in the 17th century, in 1899 the British and Egyptians (the British protectorate of Egypt) jointly administered the Sudan, and in 1956 formally established the Sultanate independently. The current political system in Sudan is a presidential republic, and the official languages are English and Arabic. The total population of Sudan is 430.1 million (2019), the Sudanese Arabs account for about half of the total population, the Nubians account for about 40% of the total population, and the Fuer ethnic groups, which mainly live in the Darfur region of Sudan. The Nubians are a hereditary ethnic group of The Sultans, of the Negro Sultanate race, tall, dark-skinned, Speaking The Nile-Saharan Shari Niroic Nubian, speak Arabic and practice Islam. The name of the Republic of the Sudan derives from the Arabic word for "land of the negroes".
Nubians of Sudan
Sudan, with most of its territory in the tropics and direct sunlight, is one of the hottest countries in the world, with a tropical desert climate with high temperatures, little rain, dry and windy sand in the north, and a savannah climate with more precipitation in the south. Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, is known as the "furnace of the world", the average annual temperature is more than 30 degrees Celsius, April to July is the hottest season, the general daytime temperature is above 40 degrees Celsius, and the temperature in the hot season can reach 50 degrees Celsius. Sudan's mineral resources mainly include oil, natural gas, iron, copper, silver, etc., and the current oil extraction is relatively large.
Gum arabic produced in Sudan
Sudan is an economically backward agrarian country with a per capita GDP of only $714 (IMF data, 2018 at international exchange rates) and is one of the world's least developed countries. Agriculture is the pillar of Sudan's economy, 80% of the population lives in rural areas, mainly producing sorghum, millet, corn, wheat, cotton, peanuts, sesame, gum arabic and other agricultural and forestry products, of which gum arabic production is the world's first, accounting for 60 to 80% of the world's total output; Sudan is also the world's second largest producer of long-staple cotton (after Egypt), the fifth largest peanut producer (second only to China, the United States, India, Argentina), the seventh largest sesame producer. The Jezira Plain in central Sudan (located between the White Nile and Blue Nile Rivers) is the largest irrigated agricultural area in Africa. Khartoum, Sudan's capital and largest city, is located at the northern end of the Jezira Plain.
Flag of Sudan
Located at the confluence of the Nile and its largest tributary, the Blue Nile, Khartoum was originally a small fishing village that became the capital of the British-Egyptian condominium of Sudan in 1884 and the capital of the Republic of sudan in 1956. Khartoum is now the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of Sudan, with the railway north to the Nasser Reservoir, the northeast to Sudan's largest seaport, Port Sudan on the shores of the Red Sea, and khartoum international airport on the outskirts; Khartoum has Sudan's first modern university, Khartoum University (built in 1902). Khartoum currently has a population of more than 1 million, including the surrounding Northern Khartoum and Ntuman, which is composed of more than 7 million people. Khartoum is well-known and was listed in the 2019 Global 500 Cities, ranking 231st.
Scenery of Khartoum
Egypt spans both continents of Asia and Africa
Egypt, located in northeast Africa, spans two continents, most of the country is in Africa, and the Sinai Peninsula east of the Suez Canal belongs to Asia. Egypt is geographically important, guarding the world's important ocean-opening canal - Suez Canal, bordering Sudan in the south, Libya in the west, and Israel in the northeast, with a land area of 1.01 million square kilometers, making it the third largest country in North Africa (after Algeria and Libya). Egypt has a population of 108 million (2019), making it the most populous country in six countries in North Africa and the Middle East. The dominant ethnic group in Egypt is the Egyptian Arabs, accounting for more than 80% of the total population, speaking the egyptian dialect, the largest of the 8 major dialects of Arabic, and embracing is the Sunni islamic; contemporary Egyptian Arabs include Mohammed ElBaradei, former Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency and Nobel Laureate of 2005, Former President of Egypt and Nobel Laureate of 1978 Mohammed Anwar Sadat, and 1988 Nobel Prize Winner Najib Mahafuz, a well-known writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1988. The Copts are the second largest ethnic group in Egypt, accounting for about 15% of the total population, and are a Resident ethnic group of The Egyptians, a Europa-Mediterranean race, speaking Coptic and Arabic, and practicing Christianity (Coptic Orthodoxy); former United Nations Secretary-General Boutros Boutros Ghali is an Egyptian Copt.
Mohammed Anwar Sadat (1918-1981) winner of the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize
Mohammed ElBaradei, winner of the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize
Former UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros Ghali (1922–2016)
95% of Egypt's land is desert semi-desert, and the Nile Valley and the Nile Delta, which account for 4% of the country, are the "best places" of Egypt, concentrating 99% of Egypt's population. Most of Egypt is a low plateau at an altitude of 100 to 700 meters, with hills and mountains along the Red Sea coast and the Sinai Peninsula. Mineral resources are large in oil, natural gas, phosphate ore, iron ore reserves, proven oil and natural gas reserves rank fifth and fourth in Africa respectively, is one of the major oil and gas producers in Africa.
Suez Canal
Egypt is the third largest economy in Africa and the largest in the six North African countries. Egypt's main economic sectors are agriculture, industry and mining and tourism, mass production of wheat, barley, rice, corn, potatoes, broad beans, cotton, sugar cane, citrus fruits, dates, etc., is the world's largest producer of long-staple cotton, grain can not be self-sufficient, but can export a large number of cotton, rice, potatoes, citrus fruits and other agricultural products. The industry and mining industry is mainly based on the extraction of oil and gas, textiles, food, oil refining and other industries. Tourism and oil and gas, remittances, Suez Canal for Egypt's four major foreign exchange-earning industries, as one of the world's four major ancient civilizations egypt tourism resources are particularly rich, only UNESCO "World Heritage" has Memphis and pyramids, the ancient city of Thebes and its cemetery, Nubia ruins, Cairo old city and other 7 places. According to the Statistics of the World Tourism Organization, there were 11.3 million international tourists visiting Egypt in 2018, ranking second in Africa, with tourism revenue of nearly 10 billion US dollars.
Al-Azhar Mosque
Located at the top of the Nile Delta, The capital of Egypt, Cairo, is the political, economic and cultural center of Egypt, and is also the largest city in Africa and the Arab world, including Cairo, Giza, Helevan and other large Cairo has a population of more than 22 million. Cairo in the mid-7th century Arabs came here to establish a stronghold - the city of Hustat; in 973 the Fatimid Dynasty of the Arab Empire conquered Egypt and set its capital here, taking the name Cairo, meaning victory; occupied by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century; ruled by the French at the end of the 18th century; the capital of British Egypt in 1882, the capital of the independent Kingdom of Egypt in 1922, the capital of the Egyptian Republic in 1953, and now the capital of the Arab Republic of Egypt. There are more than 800 mosques in Cairo, known as the "City of a Thousand Towers", famous mosques include the Ibn Turon Mosque, the earliest mosque in Cairo built in 878, the Sultan Hassan Mosque, which was built in the 14th century and considered the most beautiful mosque in the entire Middle East, and the Al-Azhar Mosque, which was built in 972 with an Islamic University (Al-Azhar University is one of the oldest universities in the world). Cairo is Egypt's largest industrial and commercial center, concentrated in more than half of Egypt's enterprises, there are textile, machinery, chemical, oil refining, steel, automobile assembly, food and other industries, headquartered in Cairo large enterprises such as the Egyptian Oil Company, the Egyptian National Bank, Egypt Airlines, etc., The Egyptian Oil Company is the world's 22nd largest oil company, Africa's second largest oil company. Cairo International Airport on the outskirts of Egypt is the second busiest international airport in Africa after Johannesburg in South Africa, handling just 20 million passengers a year (2018). Cairo is also an important international city, where the headquarters of the League of Arab States is located. Cairo was named to the 2019 Global 500 Cities, ranking 97th and Africa's 3rd city (after Johannesburg and Cape Town).
Cairo
Alexandria city center
Egypt's second largest city and the largest seaport Alexandria is located on the coast of the Mediterranean In Egypt, was the capital of the Ptolemaic Dynasty of ancient Egypt, alexander the great came here in 332 BC to build the city, named "Alexander", has been the main political, economic and cultural center of the eastern Mediterranean region, the existing population of more than 3 million, is Egypt's largest port city, known as "Egypt's second capital". Alexandria city has a high brand value and was ranked 375th in the "2019 Global 500 Cities".
Algeria, the largest country in Africa
Algeria is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya and Tunisia to the east, Nigeria, Mali and Mauritania to the southeast and south, and Morocco to the west, with a coastline of 1,200 kilometers and a land area of 2.382 million square kilometers, making it the largest country in Africa and the 10th largest country in the world in terms of land area. Algeria BC is one of the provinces of the Roman Empire, conquered by the Arabs in the 8th century AD, reduced to a province of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, soon invaded by Spain, Portugal, France and other colonizers, in 1903 France occupied all of Algeria, in 1962 Algeria became independent from France. Algeria's current political system is a presidential republic, the official language is Arabic, and 99 per cent of the population is Muslim. Algeria has a population of 42.2 million (2017), 80% Arab, 19% Berber, and ethnic minorities such as the Tuareg.
Algeria is bounded by the Taylor Atlas Mountains, the Mediterranean Coastal Plain to the north and the Sahara Desert to the south, which accounts for 85% of the country. Algeria's forests are in the Taylor Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean coast, with the largest plantation forest in North Africa, and the national forest coverage rate is 11%! Algeria's mineral resources to oil, natural gas, phosphate, iron, lead and zinc, uranium ore and other reserves are larger, the proven reserves of oil is about 1.7 billion tons, ranking 15th in the world, the third in Africa (second only to Nigeria and Angola), and is a sahara light oil with better oil quality; Algeria is the richest country in Africa with natural gas reserves, with proven reserves of 460 million cubic meters, ranking 10th in the world and first in Africa.
Algeria is the fourth largest economy in Africa and the second largest in North Africa, with a total GDP of $188.3 billion in 2018 and a per capita GDP of $3,980 (According to the World Monetary Fund, at international exchange rates), ranking second among the six North African countries (after Libya). Algerian agriculture is dominated by the cultivation of wheat, barley, oats, olive oil, grapes, citrus and dates, and the food is not self-sufficient. Industry and mining is the pillar of Algeria's economy, the oil and gas industry is large, the oil and gas industry accounts for more than 30% of the country's GDP, oil and gas exports account for 95% of the country's total commodity exports; at present, Algeria is one of the world's major oil producers and exporters, the annual oil production ranks third in Africa, natural gas production ranks first in Africa, the world's 9th. Algeria is the world's major oil and natural gas exporters, natural gas is mainly exported to Italy, Spain and other countries, there are two oil pipelines across the Mediterranean seabed, of which the Algerian-Italian oil pipeline is the world's largest cross-sea gas pipeline, from the Algerian Yahasiru Myle gas field through Sicily to Milan, a total length of 2500 kilometers, the annual gas transmission to Italy more than 10 billion cubic meters.
Flag of Algeria
Algiers is the capital and largest city of Algeria, located on the southern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, on the west coast of the Gulf of Algiers, south of the majestic Taylor Atlas Mountains, for the winter rainy summer hot and dry Mediterranean climate, built by the Berbers and Arabs in 935, incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1526, became the colonial center of French North Africa in 1830, and became the independent capital of Algeria in 1962. Algiers is the political, economic and cultural center and the largest seaport in Algeria, with the University of Algiers, the largest public university in Algeria founded in 1879, the Olympic Sports City, one of the most modern stadiums in Africa, and the World Cultural Heritage Site, the Casbah (algiers-marina old town with a history of more than 2,000 years). Algiers also hosted the Tenth Pan-Arab Games in 2004, which was attended by 22 states members of the League of Arab States. With a population of more than 3.7 million, Algiers was listed in the 2019 Top 500 Global Cities, ranking 147th.
Algiers
North African Garden - Morocco
Morocco is located in the northwestern tip of Africa, bordering Algeria to the east and southeast, Western Sahara to the south, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Strait of Gibraltar to the north and Spain to the north, and the gateway to the Atlantic Ocean from the Mediterranean Sea, with a land area of 459,000 square kilometers and a coastline of more than 1,700 kilometers. Morocco's topography is dominated by mountainous plateaus, the Atlas Mountains in the center and north, plateaus in the east and south, and narrow plains along the coast in the northwest alone. Morocco has a Mediterranean climate in the north, a tropical desert climate in the east and south, and an annual precipitation of 600 to 1400 mm in the Atlas Mountains in the north, while less than 100 mm in the south. Because the Atlas Mountains, which stretch diagonally through the territory on three sides, block the invasion of the southern Sahara Desert heat wave, most of Morocco has a pleasant climate and lush flowers and trees all year round, and is known as "the cool land under the hot sun" and "the garden of North Africa". Morocco's forest coverage rate is about 20%, there are Atlas cedar, juniper trees, etc.; mineral resources to phosphate, iron, lead, zinc, oil shale and other reserves are larger, of which phosphate reserves of more than 110 billion tons, accounting for 3/4 of the world's total reserves, is the world's richest phosphate ore reserves of the country, known as "phosphate ore kingdom".
Flag of Morocco
Morocco was first inhabited by the Berbers, who were ruled by the Phoenician, Roman, and Byzantine Empires. The first Arab kingdom was established in 788 AD, from the 15th century to the beginning of the 20th century, Morocco was successively invaded by French, Spanish and other colonizers, in 1912 it became a French protectorate, in 1956 it became independent, and in 1957 it was named the Kingdom of Morocco, and the political system was a constitutional monarchy. Morocco currently has a population of 36.24 million (2018), 75% are Arabs and 20% Berbers, all of whom are Muslims; the official language is Arabic, and the common French language is French.
Morocco is the fifth largest economy in Africa (after Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Algeria) and the third largest in North Africa, with a GDP of $118.2 billion in 2018 and a per capita GDP of $3,345 (According to the World Monetary Fund, at international exchange rates), ranking third among the six North African countries (after Libya and Algeria). Morocco's economy is mainly based on agriculture and animal husbandry and industry and mining, planting wheat, barley, corn, fruits (mainly citrus), vegetables (mainly tomatoes, onions, etc.), raising cattle, sheep, camels, etc., the fishery is more developed, is the largest catch in the African ocean; industrial and mining phosphate mining, processing is the most important, phosphate ore annual output is the second largest in the world (second only to China), phosphorus fertilizer (chemical fertilizer) made of phosphate as raw material, phosphorus chemical products are Morocco's largest export commodities, accounting for nearly 1/5 of the total exports. Located on the southern shore of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Port of Tangier has morocco's largest container terminal.
Port tangier
Morocco is one of the developed countries in the tourism industry, according to the World Tourism Organization released data, in 2017 Morocco received 11.4 million international tourists, ranking 31st in the world, the first in Africa, surpassing Switzerland, Ireland, Australia, South Africa and other traditional tourism countries. Morocco's Casablanca, Rabat, Marrakech, Fez and so on are all world-famous tourist cities. Rabat is the capital and second largest city of Morocco, the political, cultural and transport center, with a population of 2.1 million, founded in the 12th century, the Hassan Mosque, which was built in 1184, the new city of Rabat, which was designed and built by France as a Moroccan protectorate from 1912 to 1930, and the urban area of Rabat (inscribed on unesco's World Heritage List) in 2012.
Cityscape of Dar Beda
Morocco's largest city is Located in Dar Beda on the atlantic coast of western Morocco, where the Berbers established a coastal city called "Anfa" as early as the 12th century, which was called Casablanca (Spain, French colonial period) in the late 18th century and mid-20th century, and changed its original name to Dar Beda after the independence of the Kingdom of Morocco in 1956. Dar Beda is now the economic center and transportation center of Morocco, with the Dar Beda-Rabat-Tangier high-speed railway (the first high-speed rail in Morocco and Africa), the largest seaport in Morocco , the Port of Dar Beda , and morocco 's largest airport , Dar Beda International Airport. Dar Beda is a historic city in Morocco, but also a famous tourist city in Africa with pleasant climate, beautiful scenery and mountains and seas, known as the "Bride of the Atlantic", which has built the world's third largest mosque and the largest mosque in Northwest Africa - Hassan II Mosque. Built in 1987 and completed in 1993 at a cost of more than $500 million, the Mosque of Hassan II is made of white marble throughout and covers an area of 9 hectares, with a minaret 200 meters high, a top equipped with laser equipment, and a laser beam that opens at night for 35 kilometers. With a population of more than 3 million, The city is well-known and ranked 116th in the 2019 Top 500 Global Cities.
Hassan II Mosque in Dar Beda