(Henan network science news Ge Yanhong Zhang Peijuan Jia Hua report) Henan Wugang lampstand is located in the North China Plain and the Funiu Mountain yu vein of the junction belt, is a magnificent ancient marine geological relics left in the Central Plains to this day, filled with the breath of the original ancient sea, deep hidden in the world rare to see the wonderful natural beauty. It has experienced six important crustal movements such as Wutai, Lüliang, Jialidong, Haixi and Yanshan. Strong orogenic movements have led to a large rise and fall of the strata, accompanied by frequent ruptures and volcanic activity, forming the skeleton of modern geological landforms.
The geological landform of the lampstand is peculiar, the peaks are stacked, the ravines are connected, and the mountain is composed of a mixture of shale, conglomerate, basalt, quartz sandstone and other rocks, which are formed by marine sedimentary strata, and most of the strata and their rocks are formed by ancient marine sedimentation. There are tectonic morphological remains such as ancient sea drift gravel, wave trace stone, staggered stratigraphy, dry crack stone, rain trace stone, hailstone, ice crystal trace stone, paleontological fossils, and paleoalcoid fossils.
At the same time, there are hundreds of cave grottoes and stone sheds such as the original seabed, cracked stones, immortal sheds, immortal caves, Tianguan Pavilion, Sanxian Cave, Andian Terrace, displaying the development history of the earth from the ancient ocean to the land, and is the longest and best preserved paleogeographic and paleoclimate site in China's geological history. It is known as "Ancient Haiqi Gorge", "Geological Museum of Ancient Marine Ruins" and "Ancient Marine Geology Education Base".
In order to explore the ancient marine geological relics of the lampstand, Sun Shu, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhang Yuanyou, senior engineer of the Fourth Geological Team of Henan Province, Wan Shaoxia, senior engineer of the Forestry Bureau of Wugang City, Ge Yanhong, engineer of the Science and Technology Association of Wugang City, Lei Chaoqun, senior engineer of the Forest Farm of Wugang City, Chen Zhizhi, an outdoor explorer, and other scientific and technological workers have conducted targeted field investigations of the geological landforms, ancient marine relics and natural dense forests under the jurisdiction of the lampstand along the way, and after investigation, examination, demonstration, photography, and recording the age of the formation of the ancient marine geological landform of the lampstand The process of evolution has reached hundreds of geological relics, which is rare in China. This is of high scientific value for studying the evolution and development history of Wugang and Henan geology.
Geologist Zhang Yuan said with deep feeling: After hundreds of millions of years of crustal movement, volcanic eruptions, floods, glaciers and other natural disasters continue to invade, the geological terrain changes or the sea and land take turns to occupy, only to form the geographical environment we see today, in the domestic and foreign countries such as the lampstand such a variety of rocks gathered ancient marine geological relics are difficult to see.
Due to the influence of crustal movement and orogeny, the bare part of the ancient sea geological relics has wave marks, waves, rain marks, hail marks, ice crystal marks, etc. present in the present world, the ruins are distributed in different locations, the relic plate has changed the original state, the trend is uncertain due to the mountain potential, some remain in the original seabed, some remain at the main peak of the lampstand at 780 meters, some are overturned by the mountain in the deep mountains, some sleep in the primeval forest, some are soaked by the seawater for a long time, coupled with the crustal movement, forming a low temperature and high temperature cascade backlog, Forming salt-soaked fossils of ancient sea ruins.
In the investigation, it was found that a variety of typical stratigraphic paleontological fossils remained in sedimentary rock formations, and stromatolites are a comprehensive product of the life activity and sedimentary action of blue-green algae, and are a very primitive low-grade plant. Stromatolite is the earliest and only macroscopic fossil form and group of ancient algae in the history of the earth, dating back about 630-1 billion years, and is a very precious life relic in the ancient strata. Paleoalcoid fossils reflect the formation environment of ancient marine reefs, which is of great scientific significance for the study of the remains of life in ancient strata.
In the lampstand scenic spot, you can see a kind of uneven patterned stone surface, that is, the ancient sea waves, wave marks, rain marks, hail marks, ice crystal marks and other relics that have been left for 1.28 billion years, which are formed because of the wave marks formed under the directional flow of seawater, the wave marks caused by the still water ripples, and the imprints hit by heavy rain or hail.
Wave marks are the remnants of ancient seawater flow ripples and waves that exist on the surface of sandy rock formations. The appearance of ancient sea wave remnants on the lampstand can prove that its formation location is controlled by the coastal beach environment where the waves strongly act. This kind of relic is widely distributed in the sedimentary rock layer of the scenic spot, the wave height and wavelength ratio change greatly, and the crests have a variety of genesis characteristics such as straight and curved forks, symmetrical and asymmetrical, but basically can be distinguished into two kinds of flowing water traces and wave formation traces.
The size of the wave stone varies, some wave stone ditch peaks are 40-45 cm wide, the ditch depth is 5-6 cm, and the bare plate is 10 meters long and up to 60 meters long; some wave stone ditch peaks are 30-35 cm wide, the ditch depth is 2.5-3.5 cm, and the bare plate is more than 20 meters long; some wave stone ditch peaks are 5-6 cm wide and the ditch depth is 1.5-2.5 cm. The exposed part of the wave stone is about 3 meters wide, and the rest is overturned by the ancient sea relics. Once the rock level appears, it is a large-scale distribution, like the clear waves of the past, vivid and vivid.
Rain marks, hail marks, ice crystal marks refer to the circular or oval pits or bone needle-like crevices presented on the surface of the silty rock layer, which reflects the impressions of unstlustered silty sediments exposed to the water surface, under different climatic conditions, hit by heavy rain or hail, and the deformation illusion of needle-like ice crystals when frozen, with a diameter of 8-10 cm and a hole depth of 1.5-2 cm. Formed in the Neoproterozoic, the ice crystal marks are fossils of paleoclimate remnants formed by ice crystals during the ice period, and their thickness can be seen on the east side of the scenic spot of hundreds of meters, which is huge in scale and magnificent.
Sedimentary rocks are water and wind to bring sediment and other substances on land to rivers and lakes to accumulate (deposit) layer by layer, and then through a long geological history of continuous compaction, subjected to the combined action of pressure, temperature and chemistry, and finally become layers of layers of mille-feuille-like rocks. From the lithofacles of the coastal facies of conglomerates and quartz sandstones to the mud shales of the shallow marine facies to the deep-sea facies, the stratigraphic algae dolomites and other lithologic sequences are complete. Various sedimentary tectonic forms are even more diverse. According to Sun Shu, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, due to the influence of the orogeny movement, the Wugang lampstand has formed a formation alternately deposited by gravel, sand, mud and carbonate, thus preserving the remains of the characteristics of the ancient marine environment relatively completely, and so far many ancient marine geology, paleogeological climate relics can be seen in the lampstand, which is rare in China.
The lampstand mountain is full of dangerous peaks and strange peaks. The Heavenly Book Stone that has survived from the Paleozoic Era has a magical legend. The stone surface of the Book of Heaven is smooth and smooth, the lines are clear, and the lines are beautiful, quite like ancient character symbols, but no one recognizes its connotation, so it is called "Heavenly Book". "Tianshu" is the most primitive cultural beginning of the Chinese nation, the word "Tianshu" was born in the Taihao period, this Tianshu legend is the Yan Emperor's inscription on the lampstand to sacrifice the heavens.
According to the famous geological expert Zhang Yuanyou, Tianshu stone, also known as cracked stone, was formed in the Paleozoic Era, about 570-230 million years ago. Hundreds of millions of years ago, the fierce movement of the earth's crust made the rugged rocks on the primordial seabed jump out of the air from the bottom of the surging sea and rise on the surface of the lampstand, showing the development history of geological evolution and forming a wonderful landscape with a variety of forms.
According to the time limit of the visible part of the "Great History Book", the oldest stratum of Wugang is the Taihua Group of the Upper Taikoo Realm, which is 2.58 billion years old, the length of the Henan strata, the age of the oldest rocks found on the earth, China is 3.5 billion years, foreign countries are 4.2 billion years, the earth formation year is inferred to be 4.6 billion years, and the oldest known life appears in 3.5 billion years. The most recent strata are the Quaternary Series, which is 1 million to 2 million years old.
The existing stratigraphic units of the "Great History Book" also include the Upper Proterozoic Aurora and Lower Paleozoic Cambrians, which belong to the tertiary and fourth series formed by continental sedimentation, and the mud and gravel layers in the Cambrian and Quaternary profiles formed by glacial accumulation. In addition, they all belong to marine sedimentary strata, that is, most of the other strata and rocks are formed by paleocean sedimentation.
According to the historical research of the development of the lampstand rock, when the earth's crust was formed, Wugang was originally a vast ocean, due to the influence of the movement of the earth's crust, the formation rose and fell significantly, and the continuous intrusion of seawater made it occupy the sea and land in turn, and finally formed a land mountain. Geological expert Zhang Yuanyou introduced: With the long history of Wugang, the lampstand has also experienced five major sea immersion periods.
First marine dip: 2.5 billion years ago, The Ancient Ocean flooded the ocean or primordial ocean. From the perspective of the development of turbulence sedimentation, it belongs to the phenomenon of continental margin sea troughs, which is not too far from the original paleoclast; and it is inferred from the distribution of the slow source supermagneum iron cane rock, which should be located near the volcanic arc of the paleosea. The Guhai Basin extends in a trough-like shape in a north-southwest-east direction.
The second sea immersion period: about 1.7 billion years ago, the turbulent ocean in the middle and lower Proterozoic is the unstable continuation of the ancient pan-ocean. After that, the movement of the earth's crust became more intense, with large-scale volcanic activity, and then it was lifted into land and entered a long-term deforestation state.
Third sea immersion period: 1.28 to 600 million years ago, the Land Margin Sea of the Aurora Period of the Upper Proterozoic Period. The seawater is invaded from the southwest (sea advance), and the early northwest and southeast ancient coastlines are in the three lines of Ruyang- Lushan - Yexian - Wuyang - Suiping, and then gradually move northeast. The transition to shallow sea in the middle and late Aurora, and the late period retreat from the southwest sea.
Fourth sea immersion: 570 to 480 million years ago, Lower Paleozoic Cambrian to Ordovician Jinghai. The early Cambrian advance still advances from the southwest sea, and the late Cambrian advance communicates with the sea water northeast of the rice, and the sea immersion range is wide. It is far away from the ancient coastline and the environment is relatively calm, which is the first major development of the animal kingdom in the history of the earth. In the Middle Ordovician, it was connected with the vast area of north China, and it was long-term ascended into land, and it was heavily eroded.
Fifth sea immersion period: 240 million years ago, in the shallow sea of the Carboniferous in ancient times. Seawater invaded the region from the east and northeast, and due to the long-term initial sinking of land, the earth's crust was still unstable, and the seawater advanced and retreated, resulting in frequent alternate deposits of sea and land. Short-term vicissitudes like this have gone through as many as five or six times. At this time, the paleoclimate became humid and hot, which was the first period of luxuriant growth and entry into an important mature period of terrestrial plants in the history of the earth.
Back 2.5 billion years ago, ancient ocean volcanoes allowed the Wugang formation to move rapidly, bump, tear, break, lift and descend, causing unprecedented havoc to the biological world in a flash and roar, forming a volcanic sedimentary formation with a thickness of more than 7600 meters. After 800 million years, that is, 1.7 billion years ago, the geological environment of the Wugang lampstand has undergone drastic changes, the crustal movement has become stronger, there is large-scale volcanic activity, the rocks and strata underground have been affected by high temperature pressure, and Haiti has been elevated to land and entered a long-term state of erosion.
1.3 billion years ago, the Aurora period seawater invaded and flooded the region for the first time from the southwest to the ancient land of North China, which has been weathered and eroded for a long time, until 1.283 billion years ago, when it was directly covered by a large area of lava flows in a volcanic eruption, and the rare paleo-wind shell surface was preserved. After that, the earth's crust sank, and the whole area fell to the bottom of the sea. After 1.3 billion years of vicissitudes, the original appearance of the lampstand has reappeared in this world. Ancient and modern coincidences are also rare.
The menorah is surrounded by mountains, vast forests and seas, red rock valleys, waterfalls and ponds all over the mountains. It is a national 4A-level comprehensive tourist attraction based on the sedimentary relics of the seabed and the natural landscape of the canyon, with hundreds of scenic spots, such as the cliffs of qifeng, cavern stone sheds, flying waterfalls, vast forests and seas, etc., like the original grand scenery of the world, the paradise far away from the hustle and bustle.
The scenic area has dense vegetation and rich resources, ancient trees towering in the sky, wanmu Zhengrong, more than 600 species of plant species, of which more than 30 kinds of rare and endangered plants such as green sandalwood, yellow sandalwood, bitter sandalwood, muscular, erqiao magnolia, jacaranda, maple, wild red maple, and mother of dancing shellfish are included in the list of national and provincial key protection. It is known as "plant kingdom", "treasure house of Chinese medicinal materials" and "canyon quality". The forest coverage rate is more than 96%, the area is 56 square kilometers, and the main peak lampstand is 808 meters above sea level, which is named because the main peak resembles the ancient lampstand and has the story of the divine lamp.
From the modern landscape of the lampstand, you can glimpse how fierce the ancient crustal movement in the geological history is, which was originally a horizontal marine sedimentary rock layer, rising up to become a one-sided mountain system that slopes southward, still the same strata, the summit observation deck, Rhododendron Ridge, Grand Canyon, Qingtonggou, Wangtian River Valley, ice trace site, five peaks, tiger climbing like a cliff, the bottom layer of the vertical superposition, showing the 1.28 billion years of crustal movement remains of the ancient marine geological museum.
The ancient marine geological relics of the lampstand fully embody the aura of the ancient Strait Yu ruins. The most attractive are the Tianchi Waterfall, the Patio Waterfall, the Three Stacks Waterfall, the Cliff Corridor, the Qingtan Grand Canyon, the Monkey House Cave Heaven, the Ice Bucket Mille-feuille Rock, the 100-meter Stroma rock cliff, China's most thrilling original ecological cliff boardwalk, the fossils of ancient strata life relics, the original seabed relics and other hundreds of relics and landscapes.
Even more spectacular is the ice bucket relics - Tianchi, located in the heart of the lampstand, cliffs on three sides, the wall height of more than 30 meters, the depth of the pool is 13 meters, like a giant urn, the waterfall flying beads splash jade from the sky, at the bottom of the pool into a clear cold pool, the temperature is about 15 degrees, warm in winter and cool in summer. Formed during the Ice Age, Tianchi is a typical remnant of an ice bucket. In the mid-summer of 1995, General Yang Chengwu personally wrote the inscription "Tianchi".
After a long history of evolution and successive changes in orogenic tectonic movements and weathering and erosion since the Cenozoic Era, the lampstand will finally show this deep underground earth history in front of us at a glance, with interesting and scientific nature to witness the evolution of ancient marine history, especially the unique canyon landform of the scenic spot, not only let us understand the magnificent movement of the earth's crust, taste the magic of geological camping, but also enjoy the colorful and ever-changing scenery of nature.
Because the ancient marine geological relics of the lampstand have their own unique geological landforms, they have attracted the majority of citizens and teenagers from Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi and other provinces and cities to visit and explore, and receive more than 700,000 tourists every year. The scenic spot has established cooperative relations with colleges and universities inside and outside the province such as ancient marine geological evolution, geographical and geomorphological observation and teaching, and has established a base for photography collection, literary creation and social practice activities with 25 media institutions such as China Tourism Photography Association, China Tourism Information Newspaper, Henan Poetry Society, And Henan Provincial Business Daily. In February 2019, it was named as the henan provincial science popularization education base by the Henan Provincial Association for Science and Technology.
Li Wenbo, chairman of Wugang Erlangshan Tourism Development Co., Ltd., introduced: The discovery of the ancient marine relics of the lampstand is a new promotion and extension of the development of the tourism products of the Wugang lampstand scenic spot, which enriches the tourism products of the lampstand scenic spot. The head office will develop new tourism routes around geological culture, blessing culture and divine lamp culture, determine the next 15 new tourism development projects, sign tourism development cooperation intentions with tourism companies across the country, and launch new outdoor hiking routes. Because of the awareness rate of ancient marine ruins, there will be a large number of tourists flocking to the scenic spot, and the scenic spot will adopt an effective protection mechanism for ancient marine geological relics, animal and plant population distribution, etc. At the same time, we will jointly carry out science education experience activities with colleges and universities.
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