Tea plant diseases and insects have a serious threat to tea production and quality, and even lead to the destruction of tea gardens. Therefore, various scientific research departments are trying to find ways to deprive pests of adequate food supply and ways to control pathogenic bacteria.
There are three main ways to do this: First, to seek varieties that do not meet the tastes of pests and infestations of germs, and to fundamentally improve the ability of tea plants themselves to resist diseases and insect pests; The second is to use systemic insecticide fungicides to form harmful tissues and protect them from diseases and insects; The third is to use cultivation methods to control the infection of diseases and insects, especially the latter is the most suitable for the control of tea plant diseases and insects.
Another is to effectively kill a considerable number of pests or germs to prevent proliferation into epidemic numbers. However, tea is a beverage, and at all times, it should be mastered not to use pesticides and fungicides in large quantities as much as possible, but to use cultivation measures or biological control methods as much as possible.
(1) Pest control of new tea gardens. Most of the pests and diseases of the new tea garden come from tea fruits, tea seedlings, other crops or weeds nearby, the original tea garden nearby and the old tea that has been preserved in the reclamation. To this end, when developing new tea gardens, when transporting tea seeds, tea seedlings or cuttings, we must pay attention to checking the situation of diseases and insects, preventing the introduction of harmful diseases and insect pests, pay attention to picking up grubs and ground tigers in the reclamation, and the old tea bushes that have suffered from the damage of long white silkworms should be removed and not retained; The nursery should be finely prepared and the soil should be disinfected if necessary; Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and pests on the original tea plantations and other crops nearby; At the same time, the diseases and insects in the new tea garden are often checked and eliminated in time.
(2) Pest control of the original tea garden. Generally adult production of tea gardens, due to the long cultivation period, the canopy is more lush, the inside of the tea bush is more humid, the ventilation conditions are poor, it is easy to breed diseases and insects, and the food is rich, the tea plant is in the leaf picking stage, and the disease and insect control is difficult. However, if positive measures can be taken in cultivation, it can be controlled and prevented, and even if it occurs, it can be strictly controlled within a certain local range to reduce its harm.
Its main measures: First, to make the tea plant grow robustly and enhance the ability of the tea plant to resist pests and diseases. Do a good job of regular cleaning of the countryside, such as timely cultivation and weeding, pay attention to reasonable intercropping rotation, reasonable fertilization, elimination of stagnant water, the implementation of batches of multiple harvests, pruning of diseases and insects and dead branches, etc. The second is the correct use of pesticides, give full play to the role of chemical control, and its experience is to prescribe the right medicine according to the nature of pesticides and the characteristics of diseases and insects; Pay attention to ecological balance, prevent pesticides from polluting tea, because tea is a beverage, processing is not washed, so chemical control should use efficient, low toxicity, low residue pesticides, and control the dosage and safety interval; The third is to protect natural enemies and actively carry out biological control. Biological control has many advantages such as non-toxic, harmless and non-polluting environment, and should be actively promoted and applied.
Tea plant diseases and insects control Tea plant diseases and insects have a serious threat to tea production and quality, and even lead to the destruction of tea gardens. Therefore, various scientific research departments are trying to find ways to deprive pests of adequate food supply and ways to control pathogenic bacteria.
There are three main ways: first, to seek varieties that do not meet the taste of pests and infestations of germs, and to fundamentally improve the ability of tea plants themselves to resist pests and diseases; Second, the use of inhalation insecticide fungicides to form harmful tissues, protected from pests and diseases; The third is to use cultivation methods to control the infection of diseases and insects, especially the latter is the most suitable for the control of tea plant diseases and insects.
(1) Pest control of new tea gardens. Most of the pests and diseases of the new tea garden come from tea fruits, tea seedlings, other crops or weeds nearby, the original tea plantations nearby and the old tea bushes left in the reclamation. To this end, when developing new tea gardens, when transporting tea seeds, tea seedlings or cuttings, we must pay attention to checking the situation of diseases and insects, preventing the introduction of harmful diseases and insect pests, pay attention to picking up grubs and ground tigers in the reclamation, and the old tea bushes that have suffered from the damage of long white silkworms should be removed and not retained; The nursery should be finely prepared and the soil should be disinfected if necessary; Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and pests on the original tea plantations and other crops nearby; At the same time, the diseases and insects in the new tea garden are often checked and eliminated in time.
(2) Pest control of the original tea garden. Generally adult production tea garden, due to the long cultivation period, the canopy is more lush, the inside of the tea bush is more humid, the light ventilation conditions are poor, it is easy to breed diseases and insects, and the food is rich, and the tea plant is in the leaf picking stage. However, if positive measures can be taken in cultivation, it can be controlled and prevented, and even if it occurs, it can be strictly controlled within a certain local range to reduce its harm.
(3) Commonly used pesticides and control objects in tea gardens. In recent years, the new high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue agents have gradually increased, and the pesticides commonly used in tea gardens, the concentration of use, the objects of prevention and control and the precautions for use are as follows:
25% Ylade (25% chlorpyrifolide) wettable powder: use concentration 2000-2500 times, mainly for the treatment of small green leafhoppers, black spiny whiteflies, mesozoans. Control of leafhoppers should be sprayed in early and mid-June when nymphs account for 80%; Bugs and whiteflies are sprayed in the early waxing stage of the larval body, sprayed completely, and maintained for about one month at a time, with a safe interval of 3-5 days.
20% urea suspension agent: use a concentration of 2000-2500 times to control tea caterpillars, yin black poison moths, stinging moths, inchworms, leaf curling moths, spotted moths and other lepidopteran larvae. Master the spraying of larval and juvenile stage (before 3 instars), which should be sprayed directly on the insect body, with a safe interval of 3-5 days.
BT emulsion (10 billion spores/ml): use a concentration of 500-1000 times to control lepidoptera larvae such as tea caterpillars, black poison moths, stinging moths, inchworms, leaf curling moths, spotted moths and other lepidopteran larvae. Master the spraying of larval and juvenile stage (before 3 instars), which should be sprayed directly onto the insect body. The safety interval is 35 days.
20% permethrin emulsion (quick-kill thromine): the concentration used is 6000-8000 times. Control of small green leafhoppers, whiteflies, ticks, tea caterpillars, inchworms, thorn moths, etc. Grasp the insect situation, spray locally in the active habitat, minimize the number of spraying in the whole park, and avoid the mass death of natural enemies. The safety interval is 10 days.
5% Läfrene emulsion: 6000-8000 times the concentration of use. Control of small green leafhoppers, whiteflies, ticks, tea caterpillars, inchworms, thorn moths, etc. Spray locally at the site of the activity. The safety interval is 10 days.
2.5% antipyrific (cypermethrin) emulsion: use concentration 6000-8000 times. Control of small green leafhoppers, whiteflies, ticks, tea caterpillars, inchworms, thorn moths, etc. Spray locally at the site of the activity. The safety interval is 3 to 5 days.
20% antiscautria emulsion: the concentration of use is 4000-8000 times. It is mainly used for the treatment of small green leafhoppers, tea caterpillars, inchworms, thorn moths, and mites. Spray locally at the site of the activity. The safety interval is 10 days.
10% Uranus (carmine) emulsion: use concentration 4000-8000 times. It is mainly used for the treatment of small green leafhoppers, tea caterpillars, inchworms, stinging moths, whiteflies, lily elephant tadpoles, and also treats mites. Spray locally on the active habitat. The safety interval is 45 days.
10% cypermethrin emulsion: 4000-800 times the concentration used. Control tea caterpillar stinger moth, inchworm, small green leafhopper, whitefly and so on. Spray locally at the site of the activity. The security isolation period is 5-7 days.