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Author: Rong Guang
During the Qingming Festival, follow the ancients to travel in the spring to "step on the green". At the invitation of Mr. Zhuo Xiangchun, together with Liao Jingcheng, the former director of the Shanmei Hydropower Station, who retired, he visited Xiangshan Village in Xiangyun Town. Mr. Zhuo enthusiastically took us to visit the restored Zhongfeng Zen Temple, and also arranged for us to meet with local village cadres and the company elders of eco-tourism enterprises. When parting, Mr. Zhuo said that Elder Liao's trip could not be in vain, and he must write something for us in Xiangshan Village. Therefore, I have slightly sorted out the ancient and modern customs and objects of Xiangshan Village that I have investigated and learned in recent years, and have become these four questions.
I. Nine Yang - Xiangshan: The Transmutation of Place Names
There are 32 natural villages in the current village, including Fuju (Puche), Shehou (Shehou), Hougouyuan, Tiandang, Peng bed, Tomb Zai'an, Anwei Village, Liyu'an, Cemetery, Dangxi (Zhongxi), Xiadangkou, Neibi, Chencheng, Yuanbian, He'an (Hekong), Neisaka, Houge, Dashi, Banling, Banshan, Da'aotou, Shibiwei, Guluwei, Gezai, Linjiao, Songbailun, Xi'nan, Meng'an, Shangliao, Waicuo, Zhuolun and Da'an. When the People's Republic of China was founded, xiangdong township (small township system, township equivalent to the current administrative village) was placed here, so named because it was located in the east of Xiangyun. Later, Xiangdong Township was divided into two senior agricultural production cooperatives, Yunshan and Xiangshan, and the Xiangshan Senior Society is now the scope of Xiangshan Village, which is named for its many mountains.
In fact, whether it is Xiangdong or Xiangshan, they are all new place names after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the original place name here is Jiuyang.
Regarding the origin of the place name Jiuyang, the "Eight Min Tongzhi" published by Akihiroji Gengzhi (1490) has this record:
Nine Yang Mountains in the Twenty-Seven Capitals. The mountains are surrounded by nine sides, hence the name.
The Qianlong edition of the Quanzhou Fuzhi also has the same record:
Nine yang mountains in the twenty-seven capitals, the mountain is up to the heavens nine.
In ancient times, this place in Xiangshan Village, because of the special geographical situation of "the mountains surrounded by nine sides", has always been named "Nine Yang" as the name of the village, but verbally because of the sound of falsehood, sometimes it will be falsely written as "Dou Yang".
27 - 28: Adjustment of zoning
Since ancient times, the administrative division of Xiangshan has been adjusted and changed several times. In the Song Dynasty, Jiuyang belonged to The Jingshan Li of Guishan Township in Nan'an County. The Yuan Dynasty abolished the township system and set up a capital, and the nine yang belonged to the twenty-eight capitals of Nan'an, and later changed to the twenty-seven capitals. After entering the Ming Dynasty, the township system was still restored, but the capital set up by the Yuan Dynasty was still habitually called, and Jiuyang always belonged to the twenty-seven capitals. During the Republic of China period, Jiuyang belonged to Xiangyunbao of Xiangyun Township. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jiuyang was xiangshan township, named because it was located in the east of Xiangyun, and belonged to the second district of Nan'an County, which was governed by Dongtian. Later, it was split into the third district (later renamed Yingdu District), and the district was governed by Yingdu. At the time of the high-level agricultural cooperative, it was the Xiangshan Senior Agricultural Production Cooperative, which belonged to Yingdu District. During the People's Commune period, it was the Xiangshan Production Brigade, which belonged to the Hongqi People's Commune (later renamed Yingdu People's Commune). In 1970, Xiangyun dismantled the Jianxiangyun People's Commune, and the Xiangshan Production Brigade belonged to the Xiangyun People's Commune. In 1984, the Xiangshan Brigade was changed to Xiangshan Village, with a villagers' committee, which was subordinate to Xiangyun Township (later changed to Xiangyun Town).
It can be seen that the place of Xiangshan has been subordinate to the administrative area of Yingdu for two times since ancient times. Among them, the change from twenty-eight to twenty-seven capitals (Yingdu) is interesting and intriguing.
There is a popular folk legend that during the Dynasty, Hong Chengzu's mother Fu Shi loved to eat the sour shoots of Shangliao, so he ordered local officials to replace the nine yangs of the twenty-eight capitals with the nanping of the twenty-seven capitals. However, Hong Chengzu was a jinshi in the forty-fourth year of the Ming Dynasty (1616), and it was not until the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634) that he was promoted to the post of Bingbu Shangshu and Trilateral General And became an important member of the imperial court. The Ming Dynasty's "Eight Min Tongzhi" published by Hongzhi Gengzhi (1490) had already included Jiuyang in the jurisdiction of the twenty-seven capitals of Nan'an. It can be seen that more than a hundred years ago, before Hong Chengzu was born, Jiuyang belonged to the twenty-seventh capital.
I think that the administrative division adjustment of "Nanping for Nine Yangs" caused by the famous specialty of sour shoots is very likely, and from this incident, we can see an example of the ancient people from officials down to working people who attached importance to the marketing of agricultural products. Shangliao is located in the mountains of Jiuyang, the location is too remote, although there are good products but "raised in the deep boudoir people do not know", the best marketing platform is located in the twenty-seventh capital (Yingdu) of the "Ying Market". Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Yingxu Market has always been the largest material distribution center in western Nan'an, and Jiuyang is under the jurisdiction of the 27th Capital, which is conducive to improving the popularity of Shangliao sour shoots. As for the administrative region adjustment caused by Hong Chengzu's mother's love of eating Liao sour shoots, this is just a "celebrity effect", which is true in ancient and modern times. There is another version of a similar story, saying that Lü Lin (now Shilin Village, Yingdu Town) in the twenty-eight capitals produced a man Ke Jingguo during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, who loved to eat lychees in Nanping, and suggested that the government adjust the Nanping of the twenty-seventh capital to twenty-eight capitals, on the condition that it be replaced with nine yangs.
3. Longtan - "Pigeon Stone": The Wonders of Shangliao
Shangliao is a very remote mountainous place, not well known, but famous for having sour shoots. Of course, Shangliao's sour shoots are not only famous for their celebrity effect, but have their own characteristics. First, it is located in a deep mountain valley, with little daylight, clouds and fog all year round, and sufficient moisture, and bamboo shoots are delicate. Second, there is a special variety called "bamboo shoot", the stem is small, the fiber is fine, and the sour shoots made of its bamboo shoots are particularly delicious, and the flavor of this "bamboo shoots" is comparable to the "moso bamboo shoots" made of moso bamboo shoots.
Shangliao not only has sour shoots, but also two wonders.
Longtan. Longtan is located in Shangliao, a deep pool of the upper tributaries of Ying Creek, surrounded by peaks, walls and cliffs, and a waterfall swooping down from the mountain, forming a bottomless deep pool, which is a spectacle. Looking up here, you can see the mist-shrouded Yunfeng Mountain, and a boulder shaped like a stone stele looms in view. Legend has it that the Qianlong Emperor liked to chat with Hong Shize, an erudite hongzi who served in the Hanlin Academy, and learned about the scenery and wonders of Hong Shize's hometown of 27. Once, I talked about this dragon pond. Hong Shize said that there is a township proverb, "A stele at the top of the mountain, a cave pool under the mountain." Two feet away from the Tiancheng Stone Monument, the pool is deep and bottomless. Monument and pool, five miles away". Hong Shize spoke in a colorful way, saying that the Qianlong Emperor was also moved, saying that he had traveled all over Jiangnan, but he did not know that there was such a good place!
Pigeon stone. There is a square boulder on the side of the stream not far from Longtan, and in the middle of the stone there is a small stone like a pigeon, and there is a "Mr. Geography" who is proficient in Kanyu said that this is a large official seal, and the pigeon on it is an insignificant. He also said that whoever has the blessing to receive this official seal will be a high official. But the pigeon-shaped raised stone faced the Wu family, the Wu family's house was said to be a "snake's den", they thought that the pigeon rushing to the gate was "pigeon pecking the snake", defeated the Wu family feng shui, and secretly knocked out the pigeon-shaped stone. When the "Geography Gentleman" came again, he saw that indew was destroyed, and he sighed: The big officials here can't be done! In the Ming Dynasty, when Hong Chengyu was young, he loved to play in the area of Yunfeng and Jiuyang, and when he saw this huge stone that resembled an official seal, he even said that he was surprised, touched the stone, and said, such a big seal, it is not a pin official. If I am one day, I will be among the Shilin, and I should ask the emperor for this great seal. Sure enough, later Hong Cheng's official to the Qing court's Wuyingdian University scholar, the first assistant prime minister, Zheng Yipin.
4. Bodhi Ancestors - Three Generations of Ancestors: The Vicissitudes of Zhongfeng Temple
Zhongfeng temple is one of the ancient famous temples of the 27 capitals of Nan'an County. Twenty-seven are all in the Sui and Tang dynasties after the great revival of Buddhism, there is a "seven rocks and eight courtyards", ZhongfengYuan is one of the "eight courtyards". Zhongfeng Temple is named because it is located among the nine peaks of the mountain and is built on the Fengji Mountain.
The legend of Zhongfengyuan was built during the five dynasties of the Sui and Tang dynasties, and there were as many as 99 hospitalized monks. There are 3 large stone bowls of various shapes, one of which is particularly long-shaped, and the inscription "Xuanhe Three Years of Xin Ugly Years" is carved. The masses called this stone bowl a "manger", and legend has it that there were several horses in The Zhongfeng Courtyard in that year, and the monks' daily food supplies were transported from the YingXu to the mountain by horses.
There are also architectural components scattered in the field of Zhongfeng Temple: flagpole stones and drum-shaped mendangs. In my opinion, these should be the components of the ancestral hall building, and are suspected to be the relics of the Tanyu Ancestral Hall in ZhongfengYuan. This can prove that the scale of the Zhongfeng Temple was so large that it was only with the economic support of Tanju that it was possible to ensure the religious activities of such a large Zen Temple.
There is another physical evidence of the size of the Zhongfeng Hospital. The hospital cast a large iron bell during the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty, and although most of the inscriptions on the bell are now blurred, the words "Xuanhe Three Years of Xin Ugly Years" are still clearly recognizable.
However, why such a large-scale Buddhist Zen temple was burned down by officers and soldiers in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, there are many opinions, and there are various versions of the enigmatic story. Among them, the more widely spread was that in the early Qing Dynasty, the imperial court heard that there were monks gathered in Zhufengyuan in Tong'an County, Quanzhou Province, to plot rebellion, so they immediately sent officers and soldiers to suppress it. The people who preached the Holy Will described the Emperor's Decree with the Anzhu Fengyuan as the Nan'an Zhongfeng Courtyard, so the soldiers suppressed the territory, and the poor carved beams and paintings turned into scorched earth overnight, and the monks were killed and injured countless times, and only a few people were able to escape. Of course, this is just a legend, the history books are not contained, and now there is no way to examine it. However, in the early Qing Dynasty, anti-Qing and restoration incidents occurred from time to time in various parts of the south, especially the Inner Mountain had disobeyed the Qing court rulers and repeatedly echoed with the Zheng clique on the sea, and it was very likely that the armed forces within the monastery would gather and wait for the opportunity, and the result was also doomed to failure, but its heroic sacrifice spirit could be sung and wept, and many mysterious stories and legends were also left behind.
The main Buddha of ZhongfengYuan was originally the Bodhi Ancestor, and after the Zen Temple was burned down, the Bodhi Ancestor was moved to Xiangyun Longsu Rock, and the treasure cast iron bell of the town courtyard was also removed from Longsu Rock, which is now a protected cultural relic at the Nan'an Municipal Level.
No one can say for sure that year, the believers of ZhongfengYuan rebuilt the small temple, worshiped the three generations of ancestors of Longhu Temple in Dehua County, and added the gods of "Dharma Lord Gong" and "Shennong Sect Lord (Wugu Immortal)" to become a temple in the field. Buckets turn to stars, and they have been destroyed several times. It was rebuilt in the 1980s. In June 2017, enthusiasts raised funds to dismantle and rebuild. The Zhongfeng Temple, which is now completed, is a two-in-three-eaves (four-hanging) hall. The stone-carved manger inscribed with the words "Xuanhe Three Years of Xin Ugly Years" was also moved to the square in front of the main hall as a cultural relic.
In the face of the rebuilt and brilliant Ancestral Hall of the Zhongfeng Temple, I can't help but think of thousands of thoughts and sighs. A Zhongfeng Zen Temple, witnessing the changes of the times. The vicissitudes of the years here are all paid with infinite reverie.
2021.4.13Night
[Special note: This article is the original work of Teacher Rong Guang, if reprinted or quoted by Meng, please indicate the author and source]