Starting from the growth habit of burdock, this paper discusses the key points to be paid attention to in burdock cultivation, and thus discusses the high-yield cultivation methods of burdock, aiming to promote the scientific development of burdock cultivation and improve the yield and economic benefits of burdock cultivation. Burdock belongs to the imported crops in China, which have good performance in edible and medicinal products, and are excellent cash crops. The application of burdock high-yield cultivation technology can effectively improve the yield and economic value of burdock cultivation, making it possible for burdock to develop as a major cash crop in the region. The details are as follows:
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > first, the growth habit of burdock </h1>
Burdock, a plant of the Asteraceae family, is an exotic species, which can be cultivated in China as early as more than 1,000 years ago, and is mainly cultivated in Shandong province and Jiangsu Province. Burdock growth requires a long period of sunshine, and artificial cultivation has higher regional requirements. At the same time, burdock is a water-demanding crop, and it is necessary to pay attention to irrigation in the planting process, but it should be noted that burdock growth is mainly based on the root system, and water needs to be avoided in the irrigation process, affecting the normal growth of the root system. Similar to most root-based crops, burdock prefers nutrient abundance, deep soil layer, sandy soil, and the soil pH is most neutral or near-neutral. Burdock has the effect of treating insomnia and improving human immunity, and has certain medicinal value; At the same time, burdock was cultivated as a grain at the beginning of its introduction, has good edible value, and is a good cash crop.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, the choice of planting varieties </h1>
Burdock planting varieties are selected in combination with local natural conditions, and the basic principle of selection is that the root system grows well first; Edible root taste is preferred; Recent research and development varieties are preferred. The common varieties in Shandong are ground yellow, Liuchuan ideal, white muscle premature growth, white muscle long, etc., of which white muscle big long is regarded as the main planting variety because of its higher yield per mu and better taste.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, planting soil selection </h1>
Affected by plant characteristics and pest control and other factors, burdock planting process is strictly prohibited from stubble. Soil selection is an important process in burdock cultivation. First of all, burdock growth requires a long period of light, and soil selection should be based on sunny slopes with good light conditions. At the same time, burdock needs more water for growth, and the convenience of irrigation should be fully considered in the selection of planting soil, and the location of the soil is required to be more accessible or close to the water source. Secondly, the economic value of burdock is concentrated in the root system, and the burdock planting soil is selected to have sufficient depth, usually above 100cm; To promote root growth, ensure that the roots absorb sufficient oxygen and organic matter. The best soil for planting is sandy loam soil, and the organic matter content must not be less than 2%. Finally, due to the needs of pest control, burdock stubble plants should not be peanuts, sweet potatoes, Asteraceae and other crops with similar insect pests, cereals and cruciferous families such as rapeseed and broad beans.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > fourth, ploughing the ground and fertilizing </h1>
In order to increase burdock yields, the land needs to be turned over one to two months before sowing to remove the remaining weeds and overwintering eggs, reducing the impact of pests and diseases on burdock growth. At the same time, turning the land can effectively improve the looseness of the soil and facilitate the growth of burdock root system. Before the finishing is carried out, the base fertilizer can be evenly sprinkled on the surface and buried directly into the soil during the turning process. It should be noted that if the topping and base fertilizer application are carried out simultaneously, the turning depth should be greater than 30cm, so as to avoid premature contact with the base fertilizer during the seed germination process and burn the seeds, affecting the emergence rate. Under normal conditions, the use of burdock base fertilizer should be controlled at 3000 to 4000 kg per mu of farm manure and fully mixed with 50 kg of calcium fertilizer and 50 kg of nitrogen fertilizer.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >5 </h1>
Burdock cultivation method is mainly based on seed direct seeding, and the seeds need to be screened before sowing to remove seeds with dry particles, obvious disease and insect spots or local damage. The selected seeds are dried for about two days, and soaked with about 40oC of warm water for 2h, and can be sown after drying. Before sowing, the appropriate concentration of agents can be used to mix seeds to reduce the possibility of infection at the germination stage and seedling emergence stage.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > six, sowing </h1>
1. Sowing time
Because burdock has the ability to overwinter, there are two sowing times in a year. In Shandong Province, the usual sowing time is spring, and the best sowing time is from early April to may.
2. Sowing method
Burdock is planted with strip sowing and burrow sowing, and actual planting experience shows that the strip sowing method often has a higher survival rate and yield per mu. The strip sowing spacing should be controlled at about 80 cm, the depth of the ditch should not be less than 5 cm, and the thickness of the soil layer on the upper edge of the seed should be controlled at about 1 cm.
3. Seeding management
The actual production shows that the effect of burdock replanting is poor, and the emergence rate is an important guarantee for burdock planting yield. Therefore, after sowing, certain protective measures should be taken for the land. The conventional means is to cover the surface with a shade net to ensure moisture of the soil during the budding process. Since burdock is a sun-loving plant, the shade net needs to be removed in time after the emergence of seedlings is neat to avoid affecting the normal growth of plants.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >7 </h1>
1. Intermediate seedlings are fixed
In order to ensure the normal growth of plants, the growth of plants needs to be excluded after emergence, and individuals with growth deformities and stunted growth are eliminated. After 5 to 6 true leaves are developed and formed, it is necessary to set seedlings, often stipulating that the seedling standard is 8 to 10 cm from the plant, and the roots need to be prioritized to remove the plants that grow out of the surface of the ground.
2. Weed management
Weed management is an important process in burdock cultivation. Burdock is a biennial plant, the growth is relatively slow, the nutrient competition in the early stage of cultivation is extremely weak, and it is very easy to be absorbed by weeds and die of too much nutrient. After the emergence period, it is necessary to plough and weed in time to avoid explosive growth of weeds. At the same time, during cultivation, the field should be regularly inspected, weeded, and if necessary, local herbicides can be used to ensure the normal growth of burdock.
3. Water and fertilizer management
Burdock requires a large amount of water to grow, and watering should be carried out regularly during the cultivation process to keep the soil moist and the field free of water. In summer, burdock field water accumulation for more than a day will lead to root rot, in the rainy season need to do a good job of field drainage work to ensure the smooth growth of plants. From the end of June to the beginning of July, it is necessary to topdress burdock, and the amount of fertilizer is 1:1:1 according to nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the amount of topdressing per mu is about 50kg.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >8, pest control </h1>
1. Disease prevention and control
Bacterial black spot disease, concentrated in autumn, can be controlled with an appropriate concentration of Bordeaux liquid at the time of the disease, and sprayed continuously for two to three days. Powdery mildew, more common in hot and rainy periods. With a certain degree of infectivity, when the infected plant is found, it is necessary to isolate it in time, and it can be prevented and controlled with the appropriate concentration of bacillus, and the interval between use is 10 days, and it is used 3 times continuously.
2. Pest control
Burdock is susceptible to insect pests such as knotted nematodes, scarab beetles, grubs, etc., the main means of control is to remove larvae and eggs in the soil before farming, the use of lights, sex attractants and other means of hunting, in severe cases, you can use targeted chemical agents to ensure the normal growth of plants.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > IX </h1>
Burdock is a plant with high growth environment requirements, and seeds should be sown well in the cultivation process. Field management, pest management and other work provide the most suitable growth environment for burdock, and improve the yield and economic benefits of burdock planting.