The earliest academies in Huai'an began in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties. From the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Huai'an had more than 30 government-run and privately run academies. Among them, Chongshi Academy was founded in the middle of the Qianlong Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty, and was built by Li Hong, the governor of the river at that time. The former site of Chongshi Academy was originally on the south bank of the canal, xianfeng was destroyed by soldiers in the past ten years, and it was rebuilt on the north bank of the canal during Wu Tang's tenure as governor of the canal. Chongshi College lasted for a long time, and later served as the school building of Qinghe County Higher Primary School for six years.
Li Hong founded the academy
The earliest record of Chongshi Academy is Qian Daxin's "Qianyantang Anthology": "The Chongshi Academy, the former governor of Jiangnan Shangshu Zhanting Li Gongzhi Zhiye ... The Academy is considered to be the place where the disciples are created, and the forehead is known as the reverence. In the leisure of the government, he summoned all the beings to set up a court and teach him. With the study of the original, be sure to be faithful, do not chase after the name, and the words of the great Confucian scriptures are also magnificent. Zhanting Gonggui Daoshan for more than ten years. Tianzi was cautious about river work, said to be the defensive side of the festival, not to be sophisticated, not to gather things, but to order the prince Qian Lin Gong, to pay the whole river..." From the records, it can be seen that the person who first established chongshi academy was Li Hong, the governor of Jiangnan (to avoid the name of Hongli, often written as Li Hong), the character Jifu, and the number Zhanting (Qian Daxin called him "Zhanting" because he built the Zhanting Pavilion in the center of the Pond of Qingyan Garden).
The specific address of the academy is not clear, but from the "summoning of the students to set up a court to teach it" and later "there is a division to change the court to an official hall", it can be seen that the original address of Chongshi College should be in the Jiangnan Governor's Office (near the present-day Qingyan Garden, perhaps in the north campus of the middle school of Huaiyin Middle School), and it was Li Hong himself who gave the lecture to the students. However, the Chongshi Academy established by Li Hong had a limited time in the Governor's Palace. In the thirtieth year of Qianlong (1765), Li Hong served as the governor of Jiangnan River, and in the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong, Li Hong died as the governor of Jiangnan River. In what year was Chongshi College established? Check the "Xianfeng Qinghe County Chronicle, Volume 9, School": "Qianlong thirty-three years built" It seems to be clear here when Chongshi College was first established. Because there is no earlier data to prove it, it is not known that this determination is the basis for qianlong's thirty-three years. There are also sources that say that "in the thirty-second year of Qianlong, Li Zhanting, the governor of Jiangnan River, founded the Chongshi Academy in the west of the Yudai River and taught among them." There is also an earlier record of the founding time of the hospital, the Huaiyin City Chronicle records: "Thirty-one years after Qianlong, Li Hong, the governor of the river, founded it." But what we can be sure of is that Li Hong set up the Chongshi Academy in Huai'an, located in the Office of the Governor of Jiangnanhe, in 1768, or no earlier than 1765, and no later than 1771.
Li Fenghan moved to build a college
After Li Hong "returned to Daoshan for more than ten years", his son Li Fenghan went to Huai'an in the forty-fourth year of Qianlong (1779) to become the governor of Jiangnan River. Li Fenghan (李奉汉), courtesy name Qianlin (芗林), was appointed as the governor of Jiangnan River and stationed in Qingjiangpu. Qianlong was transferred to Henan in February of 45 as the governor of HedongHehe, and Qianlong returned to the governorship of Jiangnan in the first month of the 46th year until the first year of Jiaqing. Li Fenghan's first time as governor of Jiangnan was short, and it is not known whether chongshi academy was rebuilt in a different place in the forty-fourth year of Qianlong. However, Li Fenghan did rebuild Chongshi College in a different place. Because, Qian Daxin also recorded the reason why Li Fenghan built Chongshi Academy in a different place: at the suggestion of the relevant departments, Li Fenghan changed the original college house into an office building - "official building".
The source of funds for Chongshi Academy after relocation and construction is recorded in more detail in the "Xianfeng Qinghe County Chronicle": "The old savings are nine hundred gold. In the fifty-ninth year of Qianlong, he bribed He Tang to return to the official land for 12 acres and 88 acres, 5.6 cents, and collected 38000 rent money per year. In addition, in Dianshanyang County, Liu surnamed Tian was 10 acres and 94 acres and 45 percent, and the price was 960 taels of silver, and the rent was collected and returned to the management of the ambassador of the treasury to charge the funds. Moreover, pei jiachang grassland twenty-three acres of sixty-eight acres of nine minutes and eight percent, Qianlong forty-nine annual reports raised to the academy anointing fire. Jiaqing six years, erected a monument. The guangxu Qinghe County Chronicle is completely consistent with the above content. This record shows that after the establishment of Chongshi College, there have always been special funds, and before Li Fenghan moved to build the college in a different place, there were "nine hundred gold in old savings".
Where is the specific address of Chongshi College, which Li Fenghan built in a different place? The "Guangxu Huai'an Fu Zhi" and the "Guangxu Qinghe County Chronicle" record very clearly: "The old Chongshi Academy was destroyed in Yuwang Taixi, and Xianfeng was destroyed in ten years. "Chongshi Academy moved from the Governor's Palace of Jiangnan to the west of Yuwangtai, where the present-day Huaiyin Cigarette Factory is located. The academy continued until the Xianfeng Decade (1860), when it was destroyed by soldiers.
Wu Tang was rebuilt on the north bank of the canal
"Guangxu Huai'an Fu Zhi": "Rebuild chongshi academy on the north bank of the canal, west of the sea temple, in the first year of Tongzhi, governor Wu Tangzhi." Funding field, a bag of fields on both sides of the river eleven acres and fifteen acres and five points; Eighty-eight acres of Beiwantian in Yilangshi Town; One gold town field is fifteen acres; A Taiping Western Guanzhuang field is four acres and sixty-eight acres; A wai nan shun yellow dam berm liutian seven acres four acres four minutes seven centimeters nine hao (milli); Eighty acres of 1 ma maqiao field; A pen of fengtian 4 acres 80 acres 3 minutes 7 cents 4 milli; Yiyongfeng Zhuangtian twelve acres sixty-seven acres five minutes three cents five millimeters; A Taiping Gongtian is eight acres and eighty-nine acres and four quarters and nine millimeters; Yishan Yang Yanjiazhuang Shetian Twenty Hectares; Eighty acres of one stone foreman field; A wai Nantang River Tushan Tian six acres 28 acres 3 minutes 9 9 milli; A Fukou river moat on both sides of the river is nineteen acres of 98 acres and 3 minutes and 7 centimeters; A Taiping River berm field is 4 acres 37 acres 7 minutes 5 centimeters 24 silk; A stone foreman Kui (embankment) root small bridge next to the field two acres ninety acres three minutes six centimeters and two millimeters ..."
Two years after the destruction of Chongshi Academy, Wu Tang rebuilt the academy on the north bank of the canal and greatly increased the academy's funding. The "Guangxu Huai'an Fu Zhi" did not spare Wu Tang's praise, and the actual situation was not so ideal.
Monument of Chongshi College
The two carved stones in the Huai'an Museum are relatively clear in content, and it can be determined that they are the records of Chongshi Academy, and the content is as follows.
First, from the beginning to November, the Constitutional Office was still asked to close the class, and all the rewards and silver were given at the discretion of each government, and the leap was the same. Rotations are no longer added to the anointing fire. However, in June and December, classes were suspended, or in the case of the township examination and the examination of the year, a case of suspension, the superintendent of the academy, the former committee Qinghe Teaching, the teaching and the training of the two people will be run, the heir is not full of funds, the salary is distributed, the two forms are insufficient, and there is a fear of mutual concessions, because the special committee teaching Liang Chenghuan, to the special responsibility, so as to determine the various reasons. The Ministry of Worship has been followed by the Ministry of Justice, and each case has been filed. All the academy cultivators, fengqian Xiantai Wu □ successively Zha Rao (敕), in order to deposit Jiyuan Silver two annual interest silver 4324 money seven minutes and eight cents, by the prison Liang Chengchen and Wang Shen Xiling, survey and allocation. And to the candidate Zhizhou Xunhuilin to offset the deficit owed to the salt price of a city house, rent allocation, should be after the rent, discretionary amount of money, every year to pay ...
Second: First, the balance of Huaibei Yanjin is 500,000 yuan, and the annual interest is 60,000 yuan; First, the year Xiu Jiyuan interest silver forty-three two four dollars seven cents eight cents; Moreover, the rent money of the kou of the Huihui Forest Grass Market will also be used for repair after the recruitment is determined...
The Qinghe Sect of the Superintendent Liang Chengchen supervised the journal
Yiren candidate for training Yuan Changqing Shudan
The inscription content is incomplete, but it can be determined that it is the inscription of Chongshi Academy, and the details of the college's expenditure can also be learned from the engraved content.
The inscription is mentioned twice above: "In the sixth year of Jiaqing, there is a stele. "Press: Since the rent collection of the caoshikou city house is below, the funds are allocated after the inscription, so the inscription is not reached." The inscriptions mentioned here should all be inscriptions from the sixth year of Jiaqing (1796). The surviving stele is from the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867).
It is determined that it is Chongshi Academy, in addition to the inscription content to see "Qingjiangpu Chongshi Academy", there are two pieces of evidence, one is that the inscription mentions that "the rent money for the mouth of the Huilin Caoshikou was also used after the recruitment was determined." The Guangxu Huai'an Fu Zhi compiled after this period records that "the rent of the city of Chonggong Caoshikou was 15,000 yuan". It was only in the sixth year of Tongzhi that the house had not yet been rented out, and the annual rent had not yet been amounted. The second is that "the Taiping Diversion River Berm Field is four acres and thirty-seven acres, seven minutes and five centimeters and two millisiths" and "the Taiping Diversion River berm land should still be returned to the flood to stay behind", when Wu Tang rebuilt Chongshi Academy, he allocated the rent of the berm land to the college, and a few years later, the land was allocated back to the river flood to stay behind. The records echo each other. From the inscription, it can be clear that the number of students in the college is enrolled, and it can also be known that the college provides food expenses and anointing for students and children to study. In the sixth year of Tongzhi, there were 92 students in the college, and the college issued a total of 403.2 taels of silver to 52 students, and a total of 216 taels of silver to 40 children. The College also covers the cost of books (engravings) and consumables such as examination papers, paper and pencil. The college also bears the costs of the mountain chief's bundle (salary), festivals, food, and the expenses of the superintendent, the court book, the court service, the college, the use of accounts and the listening errands. The annual expenditure totaled 99122 yuan, a total of 620,000 yuan, and the maintenance cost was not within this range. At the beginning of Wu Tang's reconstruction of the academy, the maintenance costs were reimbursed according to the facts, and later 45 taels of silver were allocated every year.
The main sources of funding for Chongshi College are government appropriations, the annual rent of school fields, grasslands, beaches and beaches, as well as public interest, rent of public façade houses, and so on. The ancient government had very detailed and hard regulations on the sources and uses of funds for the academy, such as teachers' salaries, lamp money, students' food, pen and ink paper costs, staff costs, etc., which also have important reference significance for us to run schools today. (Liu Fei)
Source: Huaihai Evening News