With the theme of "Searching for Roots, Fulfilling Dreams, Exchange, Cooperation, Harmony and Development", the Fifth World Ma Clan Friendship Conference was held in Handan City, Hebei Province in 2008, and more than 600 Descendants of Ma Clan from all over the world gathered in the Ma Culture Park in Zishan, Sanling Township, Handan, to jointly worship the famous General Zhao Hao, the ancestor of the Chinese Ma clan.
How is Zhao Hao the ancestor of the Chinese Ma clan?
This is because Zhao Hao was given the title of Mafujun by the King of Zhao for his merits, and was buried in the Purple Mountain of Handan after his death. Purple Mountain is also known as Mafu Mountain, and Zhao Hao's descendants take the title as their surname, that is, Ma Shi.
The ancestor of the Ma clan obeyed the law
Statue of Ma's ancestor Zhao Luxury stone in the Chinese Ma Clan Cultural Park in The Purple Mountain, Handan
Zhao Hao, one of the eight famous generals of the Warring States, lived in the period from King Wuling of Zhao to King Xiaocheng, and his life was bumpy, his original intention did not change, and he eventually became a great instrument. The "History of Lian Po Lin is like the Biography of Zhao Luxury" records the extraordinary life of Zhao Luxury.
Zhao Hao was a staunch supporter of the reform of HuFu Riding archery, the king of Zhao Wuling. However, after King Zen of Zhao Wuling gave up the throne, the struggle for power between the princes triggered a rebellion in the dunes, and King Wuling of Zhao died in the dunes. After King Huiwen of Zhao ascended the throne, Li Dui was favored for his meritorious service in assisting King Huiwen to ascend the throne, and he gained power to persecute the old vassals of King Wuling of Zhao, and Zhao Hao was ostracized. And The King of Yan Zhao, Jianjintai, summoned Xian, and Zhao Hao went to the State of Yan and served as the guard of Shanggu County.
In the twelfth year of King Huiwen of Zhao (287 BC), Li Dui, who had been in power for a while, deposed the official, and Zhao Hao returned to the Zhao state and was appointed as the official "Tian Bu Official" who was enlisted in TianFu. He is loyal to his duties and acts selflessly. One day, Zhao Hao went to the Xiangguo Plains To collect taxes, and the Xiangfu's servants did not pay Zhao Hao at all, they refused to pay taxes, and they spoke wildly.
King Wuling of Zhao rode a statue of Hu Fu.
Zhao Huan said majestically: "Paying taxes is the law of the land, and those who resist and do not pay taxes will be severely punished, and Pingyuan Jun is the person who formulates the laws and regulations, and he should pay taxes according to law, otherwise he will be severely punished by the law if he tries the law by example!" This angered the Xiangfu butler, who bullied people and shouted thugs to brutally beat Zhao Hao and his party. When "persuasion" was ineffective, Zhao Hao killed nine thugs who violently resisted the law according to law.
Ping Yuanjun was very angry and threatened to execute Zhao Hao. Some well-meaning people advised Zhao To "count thirty-six plans and go to the top plan." But Zhao Hao not only did not leave, but also found Pingyuan Jun, and said to the gong in front of him: "As a Xiangguo, you allow your subordinates to break the state law." If Manchu officials disregarded the laws of the land as you did, they would cause public indignation. The national treasury is in deficit and there is no money to pay for the army, and the country will not be a country, so can you still enjoy the treatment of xiangguo here? ”
Zhao Hao finally said: "With the dignity of a king, obey the law as the law of the upper and lower levels, and the upper and lower levels are strong." This is the origin of the idiom "obey the law" and "obey the law". Zhao Hao also became a model of "obeying the law and abiding by the law" during the Warring States period.
PingYuanjun was touched by Zhao Hao's Gangzheng Leiluo and recommended him to be the national tax administrator. Zhao Hao insisted on fair and just law enforcement, the people were rich, and the national treasury was enriched.
The general wielded his might to make meritorious contributions on the battlefield
The "History of Lian Po Lin is like the Biography of Zhao Luxury" records the deeds of Zhao Luxury.
Zhao Hao not only managed government affairs and obeyed the law, but also was a great general in military terms. In the nineteenth year of King Huiwen of Zhao (280 BC), the State of Zhao went to war with the State of Qi, and king Zhao sent Zhao Hao as a general and asked him to lead troops to engage the State of Qi, Zhao Suo was extremely brave, leading the Zhao army to defeat the Qi army, and in one fell swoop captured maiqiu (northwest of present-day Shanghe County, Shandong), and the King of Zhao was overjoyed and added food and wine to Zhao Hao to show congratulations.
In the 29th year of King Huiwen of Zhao (270 BC), the State of Qin sent troops to besiege the important town of Fuhe (Heshun, Shanxi) of the State of Zhao. King Huiwen of Zhao summoned the famous general Lian Po for consultation and asked Lian Po: "If Fu and the besieged people can send troops to rescue them?" Lian Po replied: "The road is dangerous and narrow, the road is far away, and it is difficult to save." ”
King Zhao asked another famous general, Le Cheng, and replied the same as Lian Po. The King of Zhao summoned Zhao Hao to discuss, and Zhao Hao said: "The west to fu and the road are far and narrow, but the narrow road meets the brave one wins." Zhao Hao's words spoke to King Zhao's heart, and he also felt the loyalty of this general to save the country in a time of crisis, so he ordered Zhao Hao to be a general and asked him to lead an army to relieve Fu and surround him.
At that time, the Qin army besieged Fu He, and had already set up a position of siege and reinforcement. They sent an army to the east and directly into Wu'an (southwest of present-day Wu'an County), forming a corner and preparing to encircle and annihilate the rescued Zhao army.
Zhao Hao clarified the deployment of the Qin army, set out 30 miles from Handan, set up camp near Wu'an, made a defensive defensive posture, ordered that "those who dare to enter and advise the troops will not be spared", and deliberately preached the strategy of resolutely putting defense first and not attacking. After 28 days, the Qin army sent spies to pretend to be businessmen to enter the Zhao army station, and Zhao Hao pretended not to know, warmly entertained him, and sent him away. The spy reported the situation of zhao jun to the general of the Qin army, and the Qin army relaxed its vigilance.
At this time, Zhao Hao suddenly ordered a rapid westward advance, and the army reached the vicinity of Fuhe City in two days and one night. The Qin army, which had been left behind in Wu'an, heard that Zhao Hao's army had been deployed to Fu and the city, and hurriedly mobilized troops to rush to Fu He. Zhao Hao's army was advancing alone, the situation was dangerous, and a sergeant named Xu Li suggested: "The Qin people know that our army is coming, and the general must concentrate his superior forces to fight a quick battle, otherwise he will be defeated." And it is suggested, "The one who wins first on the north hill wins, and the one who comes later loses." ”
Zhao Huo adopted Xu Li's suggestion and sent tens of thousands of troops to seize the commanding heights of Beishan. The Qin army hurried from Wu'an and crowded down the mountain. Zhao Huo was condescending and swooped down on the Qin army. The Qin army was defeated and fled in all directions. Zhao Hao won a complete victory, quickly relieved Fu and the siege, and fought out the military might of the Zhao state in a battle, so that the Qin state did not dare to act rashly against the Zhao state for many years.
Zhao Hou's class returned to the dynasty, and King Huiwen of Zhao made Zhao Hou a horse. Zhao Hao won the victory in this great battle concerning the military might of the Zhao State, but he did not take pride in his achievements and sincerely praised the merits of the sergeant Xu Li. Zhao Hao's high style and bright festival and grand righteousness deeply touched the Zhao King's subjects, and Xu Li was also made a lieutenant in one fell swoop.
Worried about the country and the people, high wind and bright festival
Tomb of Zhao Luxury.
However, Zhao Hao's outstanding military achievements caused uneasiness among Pingyuan Jun. After that, Pingyuan Jun no longer reused Zhao Luxury. In 265 BC, the State of Yan sent troops to attack Zhao, and Pingyuan Jun did not invite Zhao Hao and Lian Po to send troops, but borrowed Tian Dan from the State of Qi as a general, for which the State of Zhao paid a heavy price and ceded three city walls and fifty-seven yi to the State of Qi.
Zhao Hao faced PingYuanJun and said, "Doesn't Zhao Guo really have his own generals to go out on a campaign for the country?" Why did he disregard the dignity of the country and cede so many cities to the State of Qi? These lands were all obtained by the soldiers of the Zhao Kingdom by fighting with their lives, and they were easily given to others, which made the generals of the Zhao Kingdom feel so cold? Why don't you let me serve my country? I used to be the Taigu County Guard of the Yan Kingdom and knew the Yan Kingdom Checkpoint Fortress very well. I am willing to make a military order to sweep away the Yan country in a hundred days and shame the snow country. ”
But Pingyuan Jun was indifferent. From this, it can be seen that the decline and demise of the Zhao state is closely related to the corruption and jealousy of the Zhao king's important subjects, the royal family, and the jealousy.
Tian Dan, a general of the State of Qi borrowed by Pingyuan Jun, who had made great contributions to the revival of the State of Qi, arrogantly said to Zhao Hao: "In ancient times, the soldiers of the emperors were only used by 30,000 people, and the world was obedient. Now, General, you lead your troops to 100,000, 200,000. Therefore, this kind of martial art of yours cannot impress me. ”
Zhao Huan smiled lightly and explained to Tian Dan the situation on the battlefield and the scale of the battle: "In ancient times, 30,000 soldiers could capture a city, but there were only 3,000 in a city. Today, all the princely powers are the capital of all families. When the State of Qi attacked Korea, the general surrounded the city of a thousand with a crowd of 30,000, which was not enough to encircle a corner of the city. ”
Zhao Hao's words made Tian Shan "sigh too much" and express his sincerity.
Zhao Hao has experienced ups and downs and has a noble character. He was never greedy for money and had a deep affection for his soldiers. Lady Zhao Said: "There are dozens of people who eat and drink, hundreds of friends, and all the rewards given by the king and the clan are with the military officials and doctors." This means that Zhao Hao lived a simple life, had few personal friends and relatives, "received the day of division, did not ask about family affairs", and distributed the rewarded wealth to the soldiers. Therefore, the generals of the Zhao State were willing to follow Zhao Hao to the battlefield to serve their lives. He enforced the law like a mountain, with clear rewards and punishments, and used soldiers like gods, bringing out an invincible force.
Cao Cao once commented: "Zhao Hao and Dou Bao were generals, given thousands of gold, and scattered in one dynasty, so they could achieve great achievements and flow for eternity." When I read his text, I have not failed to admire him as a man. This means that Zhao Hao and Dou Bao accepted rewards worth thousands of gold and distributed them to the soldiers, so they could achieve great achievements and flow forever. It can be seen that Zhao Hao had a deep influence on future generations.
After Zhao Hao's death, king Zhao, in order to commemorate his exploits, buried him in the Purple Mountain of Handan, called "Ma Fujun Tomb". His descendants took the horse as their surname, and many celebrities were born in later generations. For example, the famous eastern Han Dynasty general Ma Yuan, the Guangwu Emperor Yuntai one of the twenty-eight generals Ma Wu, and the famous minister Ma Zhou of the Tang Dynasty Zhenguan Rule were all descendants of Zhao Luxury.
Ma Yingjiu's father, Mr. Ma Heling, went to Handan in 2005 to worship his ancestors and inscribed a poem: "Tai Ma Zong personally erected a monument, and poured out a distant return in front of the tomb." ”
(Liang Yong/Article published in Yanzhao Metropolis Daily, August 26, 2019, 14th edition)