#"Flash hour" theme essay issue 2 #
Northwest suburb of Kunming, Greater Phuket. One evening in the autumn of 1946, a middle-aged man with glasses and a bit of a thank you closed the door of a large courtyard that had been relocated, hung up a lock, and reluctantly left this place where he had poured six years of hard work and expectation, and he said happily and peacefully, "Gone, this time really gone!" "Because, one year after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the historical mission of this compound built for the sake of the war has come to an end.
Built in 1940, this courtyard, which consists of rows of bungalows and is almost the size of a football field, is so grand and spectacular than the large number of low, old, and simple houses around it! The green tiles and white walls are neat and clean, and it looks so beautiful in the red land of the great Phuket!
In the eyes of nearby farmers, the compound is still a bit mysterious. It wasn't a school, but they were called professors and teachers; it wasn't a barracks, but it was a radio station; it wasn't a factory, but there was the sound of machines running. In and out of this compound, in addition to the staff wearing robes or suits with a north-and-south accent, there are also "foreigners" and dignitaries who frequent them.
The owner and builder of this ordinary and extraordinary bungalow compound is the famous Tsinghua University, which is the residence of the three special research institutes of Tsinghua University, such as agriculture, radio science and metal science (hereinafter referred to as the "Tsinghua Three Institutes"). The last middle-aged man to lock the door of the Tsinghua Institute was Yu Ruihuan, a researcher at the Institute of Metal Science at Tsinghua University.
<h1>The "Three Institutes of Tsinghua" relocated to Greater Phuket</h1>
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Tsinghua University, which moved south to Kunming, was formed with Peking University and Nankai University as national southwestern united universities, but southwestern united universities were only a combination of the undergraduate teaching stages of these three famous universities, and did not include the research institutes of each university. The institute is still organized by each school itself. In addition to the research institutes that train graduate students, Tsinghua University also holds five special research institutes, including agriculture, aviation, radio science, metal science, and the National Census Research Institute. These five special research institutes are scientific research institutions directly serving the military economy that Tsinghua University cooperated with the government's Military Commission, Aviation Commission, and Resources Committee after the "September 18" incident.
At the beginning, the Agricultural Research Institute and the Metal Research Institute were located in the Kunhua Agricultural School, where the Southwest United University Of Science College was located, and then moved to the new campus of the Southwest United University; the Aviation Research Institute camped at No. 71 Beimen Street and built a wind tunnel of five inches; the Radio Research Institute was located at No. 2 Caisheng Lane, Weiyuan Street; and the site of the National Census Research Institute was located at No. 169 Qingyun Street, Kunming. After the enemy aircraft bombing of Kunming began, in order to avoid the frequent air raids and interference, so that the scientific research institute could work safely and stably, Tsinghua University chose the First Agricultural Test Site of Greater Phuket Province to the test site as the base of the special research institute.
Dapuji Village is located at the northern end of the dam between Chang worm mountain and Yucheng mountain in northwest kunming. It is said that "Phuket" is a transliteration of the Yi language. In the Yi language, "Pu" is a temple, and "Ji" is a fork in the road, which means "a place where there is a temple at the fork". This "fork in the road" is a three-way fork in the road. The road to the northwest leads to Fumin County and Luxun County, and to the northeast, to Sandan and Qianzhuang. The temple is the temple of the earth lord. In the Ming Dynasty, this became the land of military tuns, the opening of Hengshan Water Cave, with artesian irrigation, the population of this area gradually increased, and the great Puji formed a bazaar, which was called "Dapuji".
However, until the 1930s, because the areas led by the "fork roads" here were mostly mountainous and relatively barren, the roads were only small roads for people to walk on, and the flow of people was not large. After the Xinhai Revolution, in 1912, Yunnan Province established the earliest modern scientific research institution in Dapuji- the Provincial Agricultural Experimental Field. It was not until 1939, when the highway from Kunming to Fumin County was opened to traffic via Dapuji, and the traffic became more convenient.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, due to the bombing of enemy planes, in addition to "running alarms," a large number of units and individuals in Kunming were evacuated to live in the suburban countryside. The area around Dapuji and Longyuan Village is not too far from the city, only seven or eight kilometers away, and the new school building of Southwest United University is built in the north of the city, in order to facilitate classes in school, the area around Dapuji and Longyuan Village has become one of the places where evacuation is more concentrated.
Founded in 1912, the Provincial First Agricultural Experimental Field is one of the earliest modern scientific research institutions in Yunnan Province, mainly engaged in the cultivation of crops and livestock and disease prevention and control research. The farm covers a large area, with thousands of acres of fertile land and mountainous land. Tsinghua University purchased more than 100 acres of land from the Provincial First Agricultural Experimental Field, designed and built houses while erecting transmission lines. The project proceeded quickly, and in mid-1940, when the construction of the house was completed, the "Three Institutes of Tsinghua" were relocated. The other two research institutes, the Aeronautical Research Institute moved to the northern suburb of Beilongtan Yangba, the National Conditions Census Research Institute moved to the Chenggong Wen Temple, and the insect research team of the Agricultural Research Institute remained in the site of the Southwest United University.
The compound of "Tsinghua Three Institutes" is 100 meters long from north to south, 50 meters wide from east to west, and covers an area of 5,000 square meters. The compound is surrounded by neat bungalows, with two arched gates opening only to the west facing the road. The interior consists of three rows of east-west bungalows, dividing the compound into three courtyards that connect them. Although the houses are simple bungalows with civil structures and sloped tile roofs, they have higher lifting frames, thick walls, wide doors and windows, rain troughs under the cornices, and triple earth or wooden floors. The whole building is simple and generous without losing its grandeur.
The Institute of Radio and Metal Sciences jointly uses the north courtyard, and the agricultural research institute uses the south courtyard, with a common library, dining room and toilet in the middle. The library is a large building, which is not only for reading books, but also a place for academic exchange. It is also a venue for the social and artistic activities of the staff of the three institutes of the Whole University. Each institute has more than a dozen houses, laboratories, studios, offices, reference rooms and dormitories, etc., and there are wooden gold English signs on the doors, and everything is in order.
The three Tsinghua institutes, which moved into their new homes, gradually installed hard-won equipment and instruments to continue their work. In terms of the conditions at that time, their equipment and instruments were the most advanced in the relevant disciplines in the country. The Agricultural Research Institute is equipped with a full range of electrophysiological instruments such as steam sterilizers, dryers, incubators, microscopes, slicers, etc.; radio research has a set of small-scale vacuum tube manufacturing machines, a set of precision radio instruments and equipment, and two radio stations; metallology research all the only remaining X-ray equipment in the rear at that time that can be used for research, and also installed high-voltage transformers, laurel photo machines, powder crystal photo machines, rotating crystal photo machines, quartz tubes and vacuum extractors.
At that time, in Longyuan Village, near Dapuji, there were also Professors Mei Yiqi, member of the Standing Committee of the Southwest United University and president of Tsinghua University, Yang Wuzhi, Zhao Wanxiong, and Jiang Lifu of the Department of Mathematics, Zhao Zhongyao, professor of the Department of Physics, Zhao Jiuzhang, professor of the Department of Geography and Meteorology, Wu Dayuan, Yang Yezhi, professors of the Department of Foreign Languages, and a group of staff members of the Tsinghua Office; Professor Hua Luogeng of the Department of Mathematics and Huang Ziqing of the Department of Chemistry lived in Chenjiaying Village, where Professors Wen Yiduo and Yu Guanying of the Department of Chinese also lived for nearly two years; and Professor Pan Guangdan of the Department of Sociology lived in Dahe geng village. Most of these professors had family members, and Nobel laureate Yang Zhenning was a student at Southwest United University at the time, living here with his parents and brothers. In addition, the China Medical Research Institute and the Yunnan Geological Survey are also in this area. Therefore, from east to west, Dapuji, Chenjiaying, Dahegeng and Longyuan Village are less than two kilometers apart, forming a famous cultural center. The "Three Institutes of Tsinghua University" are the core of this cultural center.
<h1>Fruitful scientific research results</h1>
Due to the special background of Tsinghua University, the heads and main researchers of tsinghua three institutes, such as Dai Fanglan, Yu Dafu, Qiu Weifan, Tang Peisong, Yin Hongzhang, Lou Chenghou, Ren Zhigong, Ye Kai, Meng Zhaoying, Fan Xujun, Wu Youxun, etc., have obtained master's or doctoral degrees from famous universities in the United States such as Harvard University, Columbia University, and the University of Chicago, and have emerged in academic research. They all have a deep love for their poor and weak motherland, and after returning to China, they are devoted to the construction and development of modern science in the motherland, and quickly stand at the forefront of these disciplines; on the one hand, they teach in universities, establish a discipline system, cultivate talents, and on the other hand, they devote themselves to scientific research, and have achieved remarkable results, becoming the leaders of scientific research in our country. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, they cherished their love for the motherland and the people and shared a common destiny with the motherland. Come to the battlefield of Great Phuket, where there is no smoke of gunfire, in this laboratory that is at the forefront of science and technology, and use your knowledge and talents to engage in scientific research work oriented to war and future needs. Although the location of Great Phuket is remote, they maintain close ties with the international and domestic scientific community. Almost once a week, they hold an academic seminar or work progress report in the library in the library, and from time to time invite scholars outside the institute to give academic lectures or hold thematic discussions. Through the Sino-British Science Cooperation Museum and other channels, they used the rare conditions of "exchange of envoys' letters" to transport much-needed books and newspapers by air, obtained a large amount of precious information, and sent out papers to be published in a timely manner. Under such conditions, they quickly achieved fruitful scientific research results.
Among the "three Institutes of Tsinghua", the one with the closest military relations is the Institute of Radio Studies. At that time, they worked along two main research routes: one was the theoretical study of the assembly technology of vacuum tubes and the performance of semiconductors; and the other was the theoretical and experimental study of the propagation of radio frequency waves through the Earth's medium and ionosphere. They successfully developed China's first electron tube, which opened the way for China's electronic research. The secret military wireless telephones, linear modulators, and aviation radio directing devices that they have successfully developed are mass-produced by the Central Electrical Equipment Factory, the Radio Equipment Factory, and other factories and directly used on the battlefield.
In order to adapt to the new development of foreign technology, they also carried out several studies such as speed-regulating electron tube UHF vibrator, copper oxide rectifier, gate column beam injection, short-wave directional instrument and so on. Among them, a breakthrough has been made in the topic of "emission of cathodes in the oxide layer", which has played a very important role in the development of solid state electronics and the wide application of semiconductors after World War II.
The Metal Research Institute was the first professional metal research institute in China, and their X-ray research equipment was the only X-ray equipment that could be used for research in the rear area at that time. Therefore, their research work mainly starts from the applied research of the "Compton effect", using X-rays to study the crystal structure, focusing on the structure and properties of metals and their alloys. Over the past few years, they have made remarkable achievements in such topics as "a new method for determining crystal structure with X-ray data", "the second extinction coefficient of crystals is determined by the relative intensity of X-rays", "the production of zinc antimony alloy single crystals", "the invention and further improvement of a series of high-thermal voltage alloys", "X-ray research on zinc antimony alloys", "the application of the 'new method of determining crystals' for the crystal structure analysis of zinc antimony alloys and ephedrine", and "the discussion of cast iron properties". Through these studies, the most practical and effective method for studying crystal structure with X-rays was summarized - "New Comprehensive Method for X-ray Structure Analysis". This is a major breakthrough in the use of X-rays to study crystal structure, which has attracted great attention from the international academic community and is considered to open up a new field of X-ray intensity statistics research.
They applied the research results directly to the metal industry services established in the southwestern provinces, mainly with factories in smelting with a lot of technical cooperation. For example, they analyzed the duralite aluminum ore in Yunnan and Guizhou and studied refining methods; they studied and solved the smelting technology problems of copper, zinc, and lead with the North Yunnan Mining Company; they helped a certain district of the Chuankang Copper Mine Management Office to solve the problem of dealing with copper ore impurities; in the military industry, they developed a strong and elastic alloy without magnetism for an arsenal in Haikou, Kunming, for the use of spring wire on a certain weapon, and also formulated a feasible smelting method for a certain military branch in Guiyang using a certain scrap alloy steel.
The Plant Disease Group of the Agricultural Research Institute conducted investigations and studies on Yunnan economic plants and plant diseases, and wrote the "Preliminary Investigation of Yunnan Economic Plant Diseases" and "One of the Suggestions for Improving China's Plant Disease Undertakings"; combined with the actual situation in Kunming, the physiological differentiation and prevention of pathogens of crop, fruit and vegetable diseases were studied, and scientific prevention and control methods were found; good results were also achieved in disease resistance breeding, and a variety of excellent varieties with strong disease resistance, high yield, early maturity and good quality were cultivated. Submit it to the relevant local authorities for promotion. They carried out systematic investigation and classification of fungi in China, and began a long survey and collation of the overall situation of Fungal resources in China, which took an important step towards the establishment of China's fungal system. At the same time, in the classification of fungi, the genetic point of view was introduced first, making the classification of fungi more scientific and reasonable. Combined with the study of fungal classification, they also conducted in-depth research on the rich characteristics of edible fungi in Yunnan, such as chicken fir, fungus, shiitake mushroom, matsutake mushroom, lion's head mushroom, enoki mushroom, bamboo thorn, porcini mushroom, etc., to explore stable cultivation methods.
The research work of the Plant Physiology Group of the Agricultural Research Institute can be divided into two parts, one of which is the basic theoretical research that explores the mysteries of life. Such work includes "biological metabolism and oxidation processes", "growth and development of organisms" and "study of biosensitivity". He has published more than 80 papers in relevant academic journals at home and abroad. The second is the applied research of physiology in agriculture and industry. They used castor seed oil from Yunnan to make power mechanical lubricants; used a mixture of ash wax and castor oil to make imported candle substitutes that were in short supply at the time, and made paraffin wax for bioslicing. Conduct research on crop vernalization and auxin, extract the auxin and use auxin to conduct rooting tests on tung tree cuttings, and manufacture various organic drugs such as glucose, potassium chlorate, and shedding agents by electrolysis. In addition, they also extracted a new antibacterial substance from the water chestnut, named "Phuketine", which is the first antibiotic reported in the world to be found in higher plants. They also conducted nutrition research, surveyed and proposed improvements in the nutrition of the Kunming army and college students during the war, and analyzed the content of vitamin C in various vegetables and fruits in the Kunming vegetable market. In terms of theoretical research, the plant physiology group has been successively
In February 1942, the "British Cultural and Scientific Delegation in China" arrived in Kunming under the leadership of Joseph Needham, a biochemist, a member of the Royal Society and an academician of the British Academy of Sciences, and the first stop was to inspect the "Three Institutes of Tsinghua" in Greater Phuket. He was greatly moved by the research results and spirit of the "Three Institutes of Tsinghua University". He said: "We, the scientific outpost colleagues, have done our best to assist the soldiers of the War of Resistance to accomplish one of the greatest achievements in containing aggression. "He even intends to set up their work base in Grand Phuket." Nearly 30 years after leaving Dapuji and wartime China, Needham also expressed his nostalgia for Tang Peisong and the "Dapuji Wartime Research Office" in the title page of his monumental work "History of Science and Technology in China".
<h1>The home of the Talent Pool and Academicians</h1>
"The mountain is not high, there are immortals with names." The water is not deep, there are dragons and spirits. Si is the Burrow, but Wu Dexin. The scientific and technological personnel who lived and worked in this compound at that time were all well-known experts and scholars at that time and later, which can be described as "a gathering of talents and brilliant stars."
During the "Tsinghua Three Institutes" in Greater Phuket, both fixed researchers and researchers from collaborative units came here to conduct short-term research on a certain project, and at the same time, they also provided training for those who were preparing to study abroad. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 60 scientists who have worked and lived in Greater Phuket.
Under the leadership of famous scientists such as Wu Youxun, Dai Fanglan, Yu Dafu, Qiu Weifan, Tang Peisong, Yin Hongzhang, Ren Zhigong, Ye Kai, Meng Zhaoying, and Fan Xujun, young scientists grew up rapidly. During this period, most of the young people who worked in the three institutes of Tsinghua University have successively studied abroad, and after returning to China, they have laid a solid foundation for the construction and development of related disciplines in New China and created new brilliance.
In this short article, we cannot list their outstanding contributions to the development of science and technology in our country, nor can we detail the brilliant achievements they have made in their respective scientific research fields, but there is a number that can explain their status and role in the modernization of new China.
Of the more than 60 researchers who have worked and lived in Greater Phuket, 20 have since received the highest honorary title given to scientists by the state and academia, academicians, accounting for one-third of all personnel. Such a high proportion can be said to be unique in the world, which is a historical miracle. They were: Wu Youxun, Dai Fanglan, Tang Peisong, Yu Ruihuang, Yu Daqiu, Yin Hongzhang, Meng Zhaoying, Qiu Weifan, Shen Shanjiong, Wu Zhengyi, Lou Chenghou, Cao Benxi, Wang Fuxiong, Xu Ren, Zhang Enqiu, Bi Dexian, Ci Yungui, Chen Fangyun, and 18 others became academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lin Jiaqiao was elected an academician of the National Academy of Sciences in 1962, and Dai Zhenduo was elected an academician of the National Academy of Engineering in 1987. Chen Fangyun is also the winner of the "Two Bombs and One Star" medal.
Most of the other more than 40 people are also well-known experts at home and abroad, becoming the backbone of colleges and universities and scientific research institutions. It is no exaggeration to say that Tsinghua Sanshou is a talent pool. This should be the greatest historical contribution of Tsinghua Sanshou to the country.
During the greater Phuket period, there was an important event that should also go down in history. That is, the academic exchange meeting with the main researchers of the three institutes of Tsinghua University as the main body - the "Royal Society of China".
In 1940, Yu Ruihuan, a physicist who had just returned from England to become a professor at the Institute of Metal Science, saw the large number of scientists in Phuket and the strong academic atmosphere, and he germinated the idea of establishing a similar Organization of the Royal Society to promote and promote scientific exchanges. The Royal Society plays the role of a national academy of sciences, and the members of the Royal Society are commonly referred to as members of the Academy of Sciences. Therefore, Yu Ruihuan initiated and organized an academic exchange meeting mainly composed of scientists from three special research institutes in Tsinghua University, plus professors from Southwest United University who live nearby.
The regular academic exchange meetings are held in a small rural tea house between Dapuji and Longyuan Villages on the first Sunday of each month. At the meeting, each person takes turns to make his or her own work report or hold a thematic discussion. The assembly takes place in an unfettered form, with neither formal organization nor formal person in charge, but only after each meeting to elect the convener and moderator of the next assembly. The participants mainly included Wu Youxun, Ren Zhigong, Yu Ruihuan, Fan Xujun, Meng Zhaoying, Tang Peisong, Yin Hongzhang, and Lou Chenghou of the three Tsinghua institutes, as well as Zhao Zhongyao, Huang Ziqing, Hua Luogeng, and Zhao Jiuzhang, who lived nearby, and Wang Zhuxi, Zhang Wenyu, and Dai Wensai, who had come from the city, totaling about 15 people. At that time, the highest age of this group was 43 years old (Wu Youxun), the lowest age was 28 years old (Fan Xujun), and the average age was 33 years old. Although the number of people is small, the major covers mathematics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, geography, biology and many other aspects.
Speaking at the first gathering, Yu said: "The Royal Society began with a few enthusiastic scientists in the form of a friendly gathering and academic exchange. Although Yu Ruihuan's words pointed out the purpose and ambition of this academic exchange meeting, they did not use the name "Royal Society of China". The "Royal Society of China" is only a pronoun used by later generations when studying this history. However, the significance and role of this academic exchange meeting should not be underestimated.
This kind of interdisciplinary academic exchange has directly produced a group of scientific research results completed by scientists from different disciplines. For example, the paper "Thermodynamic Treatment of Cell Water Absorption" jointly completed by biologist Tang Peisong and theoretical physicist Wang Zhuxi put forward the thermodynamic theory to explain the relationship between plant cells and water, first introduced the concept of water potential, and realized the historical change of the description system of water movement inside and outside plant cells. This transformation was widely accomplished internationally, more than 20 years after their papers "have moved far beyond their time." Another example is Tang Peisong, Yu Ruihuan, He Chongben, Shen Shumin cooperated with the experimental paper "Ray Diffraction Method to Study the Dynamic Behavior of Crystal Structure in the Silk Process of Silkworm Silk", which created a precedent for the combination of crystal structure and physiology; Tang Peisong cooperated with Ren Zhigong to conduct pioneering research on microwave irradiation seeds and other biological materials, and opened a precedent in radiation biology. This kind of cooperation between different disciplines is still of practical significance today.
The "Royal Society of China" in Great Phuket ended with the victory of the war. It was Yu Ruihuan, the initiator of the "Royal Society of China", who was the last to leave the three bases of Tsinghua and quietly closed the heavy courtyard door. However, his wish soon became a reality. In March 1948, China's earliest academician was born in the form of academician of academia sinica. In the "Royal Society of China" in Dapuji, Wu Youxun, Zhao Zhongyao, Hua Luogeng, Tang Peisong, Yin Hongzhang, Yu Dafu and others were elected academicians of the Academia Sinica. After the founding of New China, in the list of 172 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955, Yu Ruihuang, Hua Luogeng, Wu Youxun, Zhao Zhongyao, Tang Peisong, Yu Dafu, Yin Hongzhang, Huang Ziqing, Zhao Jiuzhang, Wang Zhuxi, Meng Zhaoying and other 11 people were prominently listed, and later Zhang Wenyu was elected in 1957 and Lou Chenghou in 1980, and 13 of the 15 members of the "Royal Society of China" in Dapuji became academicians, except for Ren Zhigong, Fan Xujun and Dai Wensai who lived in the United States.
<h1>Hard and optimistic and interesting life</h1>
Tang Peisong, a senior academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a plant physiologist, said in his memoir "To Pick Up the Rising Sun and Look at the Sunset": "During this period of time, life has become more and more difficult, and the work has become more and more difficult due to the source and supply of materials. Because of this, we are becoming more and more united and stronger in our will. Whether at work or in life, we always work together and help each other. ”
During the war, the life of the Great Phuket people was also extremely difficult. The life of Wu Youxun's family, like many professors, is in distress. At first, it was barely sustainable, but by 1942, prices were soaring, and it was difficult to maintain food and clothing on wage income. In order to make a living, his wife Wang Lifen contracted to process cloth embroidery arm emblems for the U.S. Air Force stationed in Yunnan, and also embroidered some silk handkerchiefs with Chinese characteristics and sold them to the U.S. military.
In order to improve their lives, many of them grow their own vegetables. Yin Hongzhang's daughter Yin Weiyuan recalled: "Usually, I can't buy vegetables and grain, and I have to wait until I rush to the street (market) once a week to buy it. Other daily necessities have to go to the city to buy. ...... In front of his house, he opened a small vegetable garden, and my father divided the land into small pieces and divided each of us into a piece, which was nothing more than planting a few tomatoes, peppers, spinach and a kind of bitter vegetable unique to Yunnan. The weather in Kunming is very good, harvesting all year round, which not only satisfies the family's consumption, but also cultivates our interest in planting. ”
Professors from the three Institutes of Tsinghua University, who are also professors at Southwest United University, take on the heavy responsibilities of scientific research and teaching, and often travel on the road between The Great Phuket and the cityside schools. Although there were roads, they had no cars to ride or money to take, and they entered the city mainly by foot, and they had to walk from The Great Phuket to the Loess Slope to catch a carriage, and there were very few people who had bicycles at that time. The security is very poor, and it will be robbed when you come back late. One day in 1943, after Ren Zhigong left class, it was already very dark, and on the road he unfortunately encountered two scattered soldiers, who not only snatched Ren Zhigong's bicycle and a bag of noodles bought for the family and other fruits, vegetables and all other items, but also tied Ren Zhigong up and fled, Ren Zhigong only had his hands tied behind his back and slowly walked home.
But the difficult conditions of life did not depress them, but rather tempered their will. In addition to rigorous and intense scientific research, sports, music, bridge, dance parties and other activities make their daily lives very colorful.
The volleyball court outside the walls of the Institute is a favorite place for the people of Dapuji. As long as it does not rain, volleyball matches are organized almost every day in each room or between the houses. Men and women mixed, cheerleaders shouted loud, extra lively. The volleyball match also attracted young people from nearby research institutes, hao Yichun, a young female geologist at the Yunnan Geological Survey, who would arrive almost every day as long as she did not go to work in the field. Over time, he became the central figure in the ball game.
The Radio Institute installed a cabinet radio and electric record player in the public library, hosted by Chen Shaoling of the Plant Physiology Group, and often held record concerts. The Institute also organized a singing team, commanded by Dai Zhenduo of the Radio Research Institute. Practice once or twice a week. Tang Peisong, Yu Dafu, Yin Hongzhang and Lou Chenghou formed a fixed "thunder does not move, rain or shine" bridge rally.
Whenever Christmas came, they went to the nearby hills to saw small pine trees to make Christmas trees, hung lanterns, placed them in the library, and the floor was covered with fresh pine needles, and when the lights were lit, the fireplace was lit, and everyone sang Christmas songs, danced, and performed programs.
They even held a "grand" ball on the dusty courtyard grounds. Dai Fanglan and his wife Zheng Shuyuan, Duan Hongzhang and his wife Xu Guilan, Yu Dafu and his wife Chen Shaoxi, Lou Chenghou and his wife Zhu Zongling all took the lead in attending. The young people naturally danced under the leadership of teachers and teachers and mothers, and everyone dispersed with smiling faces full of yellow dust until dawn.
Older scientists experience the warmth of family in the great Pujee, while among the young, the flower of love is also blooming. Chen Fangyun, assistant professor at the Institute of Radio Studies, and Shen Shumin, assistant teacher in the Plant Physiology Group of the Agricultural Research Institute, fell in love in an experiment on "The Development and Change of Silkworms and Young Silkworms under ultra-high frequency electromagnetic fields", and in 1943, they were married. The friendship between the handsome lou Chenghou, a researcher of the Plant Physiology Group of the Agricultural Research Institute, and the beautiful and elegant Zhu Zongling, a graduate of the Biology Department of southwest United University in the same group, developed into love and became a very happy couple.
<h1>The courtyard disappears, and the memory lives on</h1>
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the "Three Institutes of Tsinghua University" ended their work, went north with the demobilization of Tsinghua University, and left The Great Phuket where they had worked and lived for six years. They left, leaving the large courtyard to their new owners, the Yunnan Animal Husbandry Improvement Institute. Since then, the establishment of the Special Research Institute of Tsinghua University has been abolished one after another, and in addition to the establishment of the College of Agriculture on the basis of the Agricultural Research Institute, the personnel and equipment of other institutes have been incorporated into the relevant departments. Soon after the founding of New China, due to the adjustment of the university departments, many people left Tsinghua and distributed throughout the country. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Tsinghua University moved north. However, the compound deeply touched the hearts of those who had lived and worked here. Although they are "really gone", their hearts are really here. "From then until now, when we recall the work and life in the Kunming period together, we always affectionately use the term 'Dapuji' to represent and summarize the unforgettable life of sharing weal and woe throughout the Kunming period, the tense and pleasant work and the spirit of unity and fraternity." No matter where they went later, even across the ocean and far from the motherland, they missed this compound. As long as they have the opportunity to go to Kunming, they will arrive in Phuket to find the scene of the old days. Some experts who studied the history of education and science and technology in Kunming during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression also visited here one after another. However, twelve years after the Departure of the Tsinghua people, in 1958, the state began to build yunnan smelter, the largest electric furnace copper smelting plant in Yunnan, at Wangjiaqiao, next to Dapuji. The Yunnan smelter's dedicated railway line runs right through the middle of the already obsolete compound. As a result, most of the houses were demolished. In the years that followed, the remaining houses in the compound were gradually demolished. What is left to the seeker is only an endless exclamation.
Today, with the economic prosperity of Dapuji, the traffic on the highways, and the rise of factories and houses on the ground, although the bungalow compounds of the "Three Tsinghua Institutes" have disappeared forever, people can no longer see the real scene that records the patriotic passion, talent, wisdom and hard life of a generation of scholars during the War of Resistance Against Japan. However, the historical merits of the "Great Puji People" are eternal. The spirit of unity and fraternity, loyalty to the cause, and loyalty to the country, those lenses that will never fade in history, will forever remain in the hearts of future generations.
According to the plan, now The Great Phuket is already an integral part of the state-level Kunming High-tech Development Zone, which will become a new city of science and technology and will once again become a fertile soil for science and technology. The spirit of "Dapuji people" will be passed on forever and create new glory.
Author: Bu Baoyi