1. What is a minor illness?
Parvovirus is an encapsulated, single-stranded, DNA virus. Canines can be infected with small antigen transfers and natural mutations.
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an acute infectious disease caused by canine parvovirus infection in puppies. There are two clinical manifestations, the hemorrhagic enteritis type is characterized by severe vomiting, hemorrhagic enteritis, and a significant decrease in white blood cells, while the myocarditis type is characterized by sudden death. Regardless of the type of clinical presentation, it is characterized by high morbidity, mortality, and contagiousness.
2. Viability and transmission of parvovirus
Parvovirus, the virion without a capsule membrane, CPV is more resistant to the outside world, resistant to alcohol, ether, chloroform, and also has a certain tolerance to temperature. 65 °C, 30 seconds without losing its infectivity, low temperature long-term storage has no obvious impact on its infectivity. Survive at 4 °C to 10 °C for 6 months, 37 °C for 2 weeks, 56 °C for 24 hours, 80 °C for 15 seconds, store at room temperature for 3 months with only a mild decrease in infectivity, and survive in feces for months to years. The most effective disinfectants for CPV are formalin, β-proprolactone, sodium hypochlorite, oxidants, etc. In addition, ultraviolet light can also inactivate it. If toxic feces and intestinal tracts are refrigerated at low temperatures, their infectivity can be maintained for a long time.
There is no obvious seasonality in canine parvovirus epidemics, and the disease can occur all year round, but it is more common in winter and spring. Dogs with the virus are the main source of infection, and the vomit, feces, and urine of sick dogs contain a large amount of virus. There are two ways of transmission, direct and indirect, the former is the transmission of non-immune healthy dogs in direct contact with sick dogs, and the latter is that non-immune healthy dogs eat contaminated water, feed, etc. are infected. The disease mainly affects puppies within half a year of age, especially puppies within three months, once infected with more than 50% of the disease is a mixture of gastroenteritis and myocarditis, the mortality rate is as high as 80%, and sometimes the infection rate can be as high as 100%.
3. Main symptoms
Parvovirus is the second largest disease in dogs, and is characterized by rapid onset and high mortality. Dogs develop symptoms within 3 to 14 days after exposure to parvovirus, with an average onset of 5 to 7 days. Clinical symptoms include decreased appetite, depression, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and feces with a fishy odor characteristic of canine parvovirus. The incidence of adult dogs (dogs over twelve months) is very low, if not a high purity dog or close relatives of adult dogs generally do not show obvious symptoms, only manifested as feces with a certain fishy odor, loss of appetite, if there is no aggravation can not be treated.
Dogs infected with parvovirus can be clinically divided into enteritis type and myocarditis type.
3.1 Enteritis type:
The incubation period of natural infection is 7 days to 14 days, and the initial symptoms of fever, body temperature can reach more than 40 ° C, mental depression, lack of food, vomiting. The initial vomit is undigested food and white foam (stomach acid), followed by mucus-like and yellow-green liquid. Diarrhea begins one day after the onset of the disease. At the beginning of the disease, the stool is thin or semi-shaped, and has a certain fishy odor. As the disease progresses, the stool becomes dark green or yellow jelly.ettos. Subsequently, the stool is tomato sauce or coffee colored, the taste is fishy, the frequency of bowel movements is uncertain, and there are symptoms of tenesmus. Dogs with post-blood fecal disease are characterized by sagging eyeballs, dry nasal mirrors, general weakness, significant weight loss, accompanied by pallor of the conjunctiva of the eye and oral mucosa, severe symptoms of anemia, if not treated in time, can cause the absorption and poisoning of the intestinal contents of the toxin until shock and death. Occasionally, dogs have the following: the feces are transparent watery, with blood streaks in them, with a fishy odor, or the feces are white and thin stool.
3.2 Myocarditis type:
It is more common in puppies about 40 days old, and the sick dogs have no obvious clinical symptoms, some have sudden breathing difficulties, heart failure, and die in a short period of time; some sick dogs die after mild diarrhea. The canine parvovirus myocarditis type is caused by canine parvovirus attacking the dog's cardiomyocytes, which can destroy the dog's cardiomyocytes in a short period of time. Subsequent wheezing, oral mucosa and cyanosis in the dog, and sometimes sudden failure and death are the only symptoms of the disease in puppies. Tolerated puppies can die of the disease weeks to months after infection due to permanent myocardial damage. It is more common in puppies, and puppies also have a 10% chance of developing canine parvovirus that attacks both intestinal epithelial cells and cardiomyocytes in dogs.
4 Diagnosis
4.1 Through consultation, find out whether there is direct or indirect contact with dogs with parvovirus disease.
4.2 According to clinical symptoms, such as vomiting in sick dogs, frequent diarrhea, and severe diarrhea in dogs with coffee-colored or tomato sauce-colored bloody stools and special fishy odors, the preliminary diagnosis can be made.
4.3 Specific diagnostic method can be the final diagnosis, take the feces of the sick dog with canine parvovirus rapid diagnosis test strip detection; if the sick dog has serious intestinal bleeding in the hospital, diarrhea is all blood, the rapid diagnosis of canine parvovirus test paper may not be accurate, need to combine clinical symptoms, and then according to clinical experience, can also be diagnosed as parvovirus disease.