Discussion on the breeding technology of black goat in Rong County, Sichuan Province
_Yu Gang
0 Introduction
With the improvement of the market demand for black goats, improving the production efficiency of black goats, increasing the reproductive rate, survival rate and other technical issues have become the hot spots of farmers, so improving the weak technology of high breeding and breeding and the problem of unstable production performance have become the focus.
1 Black goat breeding method
First of all, in the selection process of black goats, the method with the most preferred breeding of livestock strains is mainly the group succession breeding method. Mainly in the locked group breeding, the breed is purified and strengthened as the premise, and then the male sheep with good breed characteristics are selected. The selection is carried out from the aspects of individual phenotypic selection, genealogy selection, semi-sibling test score selection, and descendant test score selection. Secondly, before selecting rams, it is necessary to select and breed according to the characteristics of the ewe, combine the characteristics of the two to ensure the optimal genetic traits, and in the process of breeding, the milk, belly, curly hair or other ewes that do not meet the requirements of excellent breeding should be eliminated in advance. Finally, through the observation and selection of lambs, the original core group, the commodity production group and the purebred expansion group were quickly formed. For the weaning time of lambs, the male and female lambs are generally weaned at 17 kg and 15 kg respectively, and after weaning, they must begin to prepare for the cultivation of young sheep and raise them in groups. According to the characteristics of different sheep, they are divided into sheep with obvious traits, general traits, and insignificant traits, obvious as seed sheep, under the requirements of breeding, they can enter the original core group as first-class sheep, while general sheep as second-class sheep can enter the pure breeding and breeding group production after reaching the standard, and inconspicuous sheep will be sold as a third-level sheep. In order to reduce the occurrence of inbreeding, attention should be paid to the regular deployment of rams.
2 Black Goat High Breeding Techniques
2． 1 Unified breeding technology route
In order to breed excellent breeds of black goats, it is necessary to adopt a unified breeding technology route. Taking the black goat as an example, the family group substitution, locked core group method and blood replacement method are used for alternating breeding. For purebred breeding groups, it is necessary to ensure that the age and body shape are homogenized, maintain homology in terms of genealogy, organize breeding in a planned manner, and generally breed according to the ratio of 1:20 male and female, that is, about 5 rams and 100 ewes form a group for reproduction. For succession ewe array colonies, in order to ensure non-inbreeding, the ram herd must be spaced more than 3 generations apart. For the open core group breeding method, it mainly refers to the opening of the group according to the selection progress and stage goals, the introduction of rams from other production groups, and then the selection and breeding, so as to ensure the excellence of the breed.
2． 2 The location and design of the sheep house should be scientific and reasonable
The sheep barn is the place where the goats stay the longest during the breeding process. Generally, the ground of the sheep house is made of turf and sand, due to the hot and humid summer, the ground is muddy, easy to multiply bacteria, the sheep are very susceptible to sheep rot and hoof disease, sheep conjunctivitis, which poses a serious threat to the health of goats, and the application of turf and sand not only destroys the ecological balance, but also wastes a lot of manpower and material resources, so it is necessary to rationally layout the sheep house. First of all, for the construction location of the sheep house, it is necessary to scientifically select the site, and the site selection site should be in line with the land construction plan. Secondly, the topographic position should try to choose a flat and high terrain area, and the leeward air outlet and good ventilation should be selected, far away from public places, and there is no pollution around it; At the same time, it is necessary to be close to the water source and convenient transportation to ensure that water and electricity can meet the needs of aquaculture. Finally, in order to avoid the disease of the sheep, it is necessary to uniformly select the high bed leakage ring, and the area of the leakage ring is determined by the size of the sheep, and there are expert investigations, and the area of use of a sheep is 0. 7 ～ 1 m2。 The general sheep barn is 2 high. 5 m, width 5 m, length according to the size of the farm, according to the number of sheep to build the total area of the sheep barn. In addition, for the external environment of the sheep house should also be rationally laid out, the construction of the sports field is indispensable, and the general sports field wall is high 1. 2 m, the sink, food trough should be reasonably designed to ensure the healthy growth of the sheep.
2． 3 The technical files of variety selection and breeding should be sound
When carrying out the breeding work, the staff should formulate relevant technical operation procedures according to the size of the flock, the main contents of which include the purpose of breeding, the breeding plan, the sheep breed selection process, the sheep breed retention plan, the feeding management rules and regulations, the epidemic prevention records, etc., timely update the records, unify analysis and collation, and establish and improve the technical files of breed selection and breeding.
2． 4 Do a good job of reasonable grouping
In the process of black goat breeding, the work of grouping is a top priority. In order to reduce the phenomenon of mixing breeding sheep, it can be raised in groups according to its characteristics and production purposes to promote the healthy growth of goats. It is not only necessary to manage the cold and warm problems of goats, but also to ensure that the feed provided has high nutritional value and ensures the rapid growth of the flock. For sheep, it can take the form of captivity, grazing, etc., which is more conducive to the growth of goats. At the same time, in the breeding process of goats, the scale of breeding should be judged, remember to blind breeding, the early stage can do market research, understand the source of feed, and then combine their own breeding capacity for breeding, the general male sheep breeding ratio is controlled at about 1:30 is the most appropriate.
2． 5 Improve feed production and supply model
Most black goats are reared in a mode based on grazing and supplemented by feed. In the breeding process, the source of feed is artificial forage, improved grassland pasture or crop straw, etc., which are subsequently processed and then additives are added to it. According to its unique spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, develop a balanced supply mode of forage for raising black goats throughout the year, the roughage used for supplementary feeding in winter is mainly crop straw, according to the feeding amount, a certain amount of green grass and forage crops can be selected to meet the needs of black sheep green feed, and house feeding is as far as possible with a certain amount of silage, such as alfalfa grass blocks; The roughage from May to October in summer and autumn mainly contains green forage and crop straw, and goat farms can feed them according to the amount of goats raised with artificially grown green grass. For green feed, goat farmers can cut fresh weeds or artificially grow green grass to meet the demand.
2． 6 Strictly abide by the technical regulations for prevention and control
1) In order to reduce the outbreak of epidemic diseases, the focus of epidemic prevention is to cooperate with local epidemic prevention technical departments, regularly carry out immunization, do a good job in the prevention and control of major diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease, etc., to reduce the emergence of more catastrophic diseases. For sick sheep, it is necessary to deal with and eliminate in time to ensure the healthy growth of the flock, minimize the loss, ensure the health of the goats and the quality of the mutton to the greatest extent, and do a good job in preventing the diseases caused by the breeding of the ewes, such as the occurrence of diseases, and timely treatment should be carried out to ensure the survival rate of high breeding ewes.
2) To do a good job of disinfection, for the sheep house, sports field, should be cleaned and disinfected in time, maintain ventilation and light, the feces are centralized and unified treatment, disinfection is generally 1 ~ 2 d for 1 time, the disinfection drug of the sheep house should be used alternately to avoid drug resistance, commonly used with 2% sodium hydroxide, 5% Lysu water or bleach powder solution. The prevention and control of parasites can not be ignored, parasites are divided into in vivo, in vitro, for the body, can be taken internally or injected with propithiidazole in spring and autumn, and dimetamidazole drugs can be taken in vitro.
2． 7 Improve the survival rate of lambs and timely release
In the process of goat breeding, strengthening feeding management can effectively improve the survival rate of lambs. For newborn lambs, colostrum should be sucked in time within 24 h, and they can be trained to eat grass at 7 to 15 days to prepare for weaning, and in the process of feeding hay, pay attention to the quality and dosage of hay, and can be weaned after 2 to 3 months and raised in groups. For goats out of the pen, according to their growth and development laws, feeding, when a certain weight standard is reached, you can get out of the pen, remember not to pursue economic benefits, blind weight gain for goats, affecting the health of goats.
3 Conclusion
This paper discusses from the aspects of unifying the breeding route of black goat breeding, the scientific site selection of sheep houses, the improvement of breed breeding technology files, and the change of feed production and supply mode, hoping to help breeders master breeding technology, improve the quality of goat meat, promote the overall economic benefits of large-scale breeding of goats, and further promote the development of large-scale breeding industry.