Today is the sting of the twenty-four solar terms, and from today onwards, the pests that live in the winter are slowly waking up! The pest that has rattled the growers is about to begin again...
Insect pests are one of the main hazards in the production process of citrus, once citrus encounters insect infestation, not only the quality of the fruit is affected, but also serious will cause an irreparable blow to the fruit tree potential, affecting the production of the next year, and even yellowing and wilting.
For these insect pests, the best and most economical way is to prevent and control them in time, and there must be no luck! Next, let's listen to Lu Wenyi's prevention and treatment plan. The following content is compiled from Teacher Lu's speech at the "Citrus Plant Protection Ten Thousand Miles" activity co-organized by TiantianXue Agriculture, and the main knowledge points are:
1. Analysis of pest species;
2. Awareness of the life cycle of pests;
3. Common 2 pests are recognized and controlled.
The article involves too many types of pests, so the length is relatively large, I hope you can be patient to read it.
<h1>First, the types of pests</h1>
There are about 150 species of citrus insect pests, which are distributed in 10 orders such as tick mites, homoptera, and lepidoptera, and dozens of subordinate families (for specific classification, please refer to the figure below).
Teacher Lu reminded that the classification of the main pests is to facilitate our production practice, according to the subject and physiological characteristics of the pest, targeted selection of appropriate drugs.
<h1>Second, the understanding of the life cycle of pests</h1>
The process by which a new individual of an insect (egg or larvae or nymph or nymph) leaves the mother and matures to produce offspring is called the life cycle. Understanding the life cycle of citrus pests can help us effectively grasp the best time to control pests.
Citrus pest life cycle diagram
<h1>
Third, 20 kinds of common pests </h1>
1. Wood lice
Although adult psyllids are not difficult to see, the larvae are relatively small and not easy to find. If you see a lot of psyllids in the orchard, either the orchard is extensively managed or the yellow dragon disease is already very serious.
Wood lice gather in citrus buds
Everyone thinks that red spiders are the first major pest of citrus, but in fact, wood lice cause more harm. Because the psyllid is the only field vector of huanglongbing disease, bites can transmit poison for 3-4 hours, so to kill the pyllid must choose an efficient and fast-acting drug, the drug is preferred to mix in niacin.
Recommended effective drugs:
20% cypermethrin 2000 times + 20% thiazide 2000 times;
25% high efficiency cypermethrin · thiamethoxam / thiamethoxamine 2000 times;
Cypermethrin / bifenthrin 1500-2000 times + imidacloprid 1000 times.
2. Red spider
Red spiders are harmful fruits
Red spider characteristic analysis:
Red spiders occur in 18-30 generations a year, and there are two main outbreak periods in the year: spring and autumn;
Mainly hermaphroditic reproduction, laying 30-60 eggs at a time; if the female mites do not encounter male mites, they can also lay eggs, but they are all males;
When the temperature is 25 degrees, it takes about 16 days to complete a generation; about 12-14 days at 30 degrees; and about 63-75 days to complete a generation in winter;
The eggs are laid on the back of the leaves and in the grooves of the branches, which is not conducive to pesticide coverage, so you should pay attention to making the drug completely soaked when spraying, and do not be lazy.
Red spider control methods:
(1) Chemical prevention and control are the mainstay, and the garden is cleared in winter
Biological control can be used, but it is more effective. If the pest has already occurred, it is still necessary to focus on chemical control;
(2) Effective drugs:
Non-growing season (no fruit): mineral oil + alkyne mite;
Growing season (with young fruits): tetrazole mite nitrile, biphenylhydrazine, butyluflumol, avermectin, etc.;
Ovulcidic agents are currently available: thiamine, tetramethazine, acetazole, spironospidine.
Teacher Lu especially reminded: the red spider is more and more resistant to acaricides, the need for rational medication, pay attention to rotation, red spider resistance to 5-7 days to continue to return to the carbine. Also pay attention to daily touring of the orchard to prevent outbreaks!
3. Rust ticks
Rust ticks, also known as rusty spiders. The "appearance" of our citrus is very harmful, and experienced fruit farmers also know that the fruits that have been harmed by rusty spiders are basically not sold at a price, so we must pay attention.
Rust ticks occur mainly from May to November. However, it depends on the local temperature conditions. For example, Nanning occurred a little earlier, Guibei probably in early May also began to prevent and treat, we must not wait for it to be black skin yellow before taking medicine!
Rusty Spider Control Program: Citrus has been a planned prevention program since early May, with optional medicines
1.8% avermectin 1500 times + 5% lice mite urea 1500 times
1.8% avermectin 1500 times + 15% zoloftamide 1500 times
80% high-quality daisen manganese zinc 600~800 times
Mineral oil 200 times + 22% avie spirostin 2000 times
Avi Triazoltin 1000 times (no shoots July-October)
Teacher Lu experience: When killing rust ticks, it is best to add egg killers, because if you single avermectin, its egg killing is effective for a short time, and it is easy to recur. However, after adding oculicides, it can be topped for about a month, which can reduce a lot of manpower.
In addition, it is not recommended to use butyl sulfur (butyl thiol kebavivir), which is more harmful to the environment. Therefore, we still use drugs that are environmentally friendly and have a better effect.
4. Leafminer moth
Leafminer moths are young shoot killers, from May to November, June to October is the peak of leafminer moths, summer shoots are the main targets.
(1) Leafminer moths are not difficult to prevent, but the following three points need to be paid attention to:
The 2 cm out of the tender shoots is the best effect when starting with the drug. If after 10 centimeters, the leafminer moth has hatched and dived to the leaf, it is more troublesome to use the drug at this time;
It is better to add drugs with internal suction when taking the drug. For example, when we use cypermethrin, we can mix imidacloprid into it, so that the effect is better;
Leafminer moths began to be controlled in May, focusing on control in June and September; when the budding was 1-2 cm, the drug was started, and the drug was re-sprayed at an interval of 7-10 days.
(2) Effective drugs:
Permethrin thiazide / permethrin thiamethoxam 2000 times
20% cypermethrin 2000 times + 5% imidacloprid or 25% thiamethoxazine 2000 times
2.5% bifenthrin 1500x + 10% pyridine. Imidacloprid 1000 times
It can also be controlled with drugs such as schemidine
5. Aphids
Aphids are one of the most harmful pests in the growing season of citrus. After aphid damage, the leaves do not unfold well, and the secretions induce soot disease. It is also a vector of decay disease.
(1) Types of aphids: orange aphids, cotton aphids, meadowsweets, orange dipterosites, etc. Occurs about 20 generations a year, about 5.5 to 42 days per generation, an average of 10.6 days, and undergoes 4 molts. Mainly harmful to young shoots.
5% acetamidine 1500 times
10% imidacloprid 1500 times
25% thiamethoxazine 2000 times
20% thiamethoxamine 2000 times
(3) Mixed drug recommendations: chlorofluorocarmazide /amine; chlorofluoropyridine, etc.
6. Whitefly
Whitefly hazards are the same as aphids that induce bituminous coal disease
1. Occurrence law:
Occurs 5-6 generations a year, and the hazards range from March to September, mainly endangering the young leaves of new shoots. The secretions of whitefly can induce severe bituminous coal disease! Therefore, the orchard with many soot diseases is basically caused by the poor prevention of aphids and whiteflies, and if the whitewash lice are well prevented, there will basically be no soot disease.
2. Prevention and control plan:
Unified defense rule, whitefly can move and fly, if we use our own medicine, the next door does not use medicine, the effect will be almost bad, because the next door will fly over;
Chemical control: cypermethrin 2000 + acetamiprid / thiamethoxazine / thiamethoxamine / pyrithodone;
Soot special medicine: mineral oil 150-200 times. Mineral oil should be selected well, poor is not safe.
6. Fried cicadas
Prevention programmes:
Pruning the harmful branches and burning;
Sprinkle chlorpyrifos particles on the ground;
1500-2000 times cypermethrin kills adult insects (June-August).
7. Star Cow
Prevention and control methods:
The season occurs from April to July, during which special attention is required to patrol;
Adult specific drugs chlorofluoride thiaciprole, bromocyanide thiamethoxam;
Inject larval pores with a 100-fold + bromothiacidonia 600x with a syringe to poison the larvae and seal the opening of the hole with cotton.
8. Elephant armor
It belongs to the Coleoptera weevil family, with gray weevils, green weevils, yellow weevils, etc., which mainly harm young leaves and fruits.
(1) Occurrence law:
It occurs once a year, and the adults overwinter in the soil until they emerge in mid-March and mid-April of the following year, and reach the peak of harm in April and June (of which May is the peak of egg laying and the middle and late half of the year is the peak of egg hatching).
In addition, the elephant armor will also pretend to be dead, and there is a fake death! When spraying the potion, it will immediately fall down and pretend to be dead, so everyone should pay special attention.
Cypermethrin is currently more effective, and can also be mixed with chlorpyrifos + kung fu inulin.
9. Ticks
The new park may be less, and the old orchard is more serious, mainly occurring from May to September. There are many kinds, and brown roundworms, blown cotton beetles, bran flakes, red wax beetles, and arrow-tip beetles are commonly found in citrus.
Orchards that occur with mineral oil 150 times + 1000 times poison tick clearing gardens;
May, July and September of the growing season need to focus on the control of young insects;
Growing season medication regimen: 45% chlorpyrifos 1000-1200 times + 25% thiazide 1000 times; 45% chlorpyrifos 1000-1200 times + spirant acetylen 4000 times; 45% chlorpyrifos 1000-1200 times + 10% pyrimethiother 1500-2000 times.
10. Bugs
Bugs mainly harm young shoots and young fruits, and its resistance is low, which is easier to control. The time period of occurrence is from April to December, and the peak of harm is from June to August.
Inulins have a better effect;
4.5% cypermethrin 1500-2000 times;
90% enemy insects 1000 times;
5% cypermethrin 2000 times.
11. Twill noctus moths, vegetable moths, cotton bollworms
In recent years, the twill nocturnal moth has become more and more serious, mainly harmful to young shoots, especially in the orchards where we like to plant, like the set of melons and vegetables, this insect is more numerous.
Vegetable moths, also known as diamond-backed moths, are the same as the twill moth, belonging to the order Lepidoptera, and are mostly found in orchards, mainly eating fruit leaves.
Cotton bollworms, Lepidoptera, Noctiaceae. Widely distributed, mainly harmful citrus fruits, it can drill into the fruit, causing serious harm to the fruit.
Lepidoptera pests such as noctuid moths and roe moths occur in 4-9 generations a year, and are most serious in June-September. It mainly harms young fruits and young shoots. The pest resistance of the twill moth is relatively strong, and it must be killed before the third instar, the older the insect, the more fat is stored in the body, and the stronger the decomposition ability of pesticides.
(2) Prevention and control program:
5% chlorantranobenzoamide 1500 times + 55% chloryanide chlorpyrifos 1500 times;
5.7% methyl vitamin avermectin 3000 times + 5% cypermethrin 1500 times;
Also available 13% 1000 times that of Indyx;
2.2% methylvinyl fluoroename 1000 times + 5% cypermethrin 1500 times;
600-800 times 1 billion/g of cotton worm karyotype polyhedravirus;
1600 units/mg 800x
(3) Prevention and control points: young insects use drugs, pay attention to rotation.
12. Butterflies
Butterflies belong to the family Lepidoptera. 3-6 generations occur in a year, through pupae overwintering, overwintering adults appear in May and June, the first generation appears in July and August, the second generation appears in September and October, and adults are active in March-November. The egg stage is 6-8 days, the larval stage is about 20 days, pupal is 15 days, and the overwintering pupa is about 3 months.
Unified release of the branches, erasing the scattered branches;
Combined with anti-leaf moth aphids and drugs and treatment;
Effective drugs: inulin, methylphenidate, etc.
13. Inchworm
Citrus inchworm, Lepidoptera, inchworm moth family, occurs annually for 3-5 generations, overwintering through pupae. The first generation starts in early May and lasts about once a month in June, July and September, mainly endangering young shoots.
Unified branch management;
Combined with the anti-leaf moth and aphids, the combination of drugs and treatment;
Effective drugs include inulins, organophosphorus mixed with methylphenidal salts and so on.
14. Thrips
Thrips, Thripsidae, occurs in April-October, occurs 7-8 generations a year, eggs overwinter in the new tissue of autumn shoots, overwintering eggs hatch in March and April of the following year endanger young shoots, the consequences of flowers within 4 cm diameter are very easy to be endangered, April-June, July-September is the outbreak period, the early harm to young shoots, young fruits, late summer shoots and autumn shoots in the later stage, and the harm will continue to increase.
Rotate medication, emphasize early medication, and unify prevention and rule;
Drug formulation: Ethyl polybactericide 2000 times + methylvipyrophetine, 30% pyrazole · insect mite nitrile 2500 times + 2.5% cypermethrin 2000 times; biphenyl thioxazide 2000 times; chlorofluorothiamethoxam 2000 times + imidacloprid 1000 times; 15% azoleamide 1500 times + 5% methion salt 3000 times.
15. Snails
Homotype of snails, stalk eyes, snails, occurs once a year, spawns in April-June, hatches in May-July, the hazard period is May-December, and the focus on prevention and control is May-July.
(2) Prevention and treatment of special drugs:
A trap containing a trap is applied to a disc of tetraacetaldehyde or a spray spray.
16. Fruit fly
Early ripening Wenzhou mandarin oranges and Nanfeng mandarin oranges are more susceptible to fruit flies. Fruit fly infested fruit peeling will have a maggot inside, in fact, that is the fruit fly.
Citrus fruit flies (large, small fruit flies) Diptera fruit flies, annual generation, mainly spawned inside the fruit, resulting in a large number of pre-harvest fruit fall, fruit fly hazard varieties in recent years have aggravated trend, fruit flies in the soil pupae, April-May break out, June-August began to tail spawning hazards, August-October hazard peak!
Agricultural control: cleaning up the diseased fruits and burning them in a concentrated manner;
Biophysical control: use sexual attractants, lures, lure sticky boards to booby traps!
Chemical control: 20% cypermethrin 1500 to 2000 times in the initial stage; 20% cypermethrin and thiamethoxamine microcapsules - suspension agent 2000 to 3000 times to culling adult insects (this insect has strong flight mobility, pay attention to unified prevention!). ）
Teacher Lu suggests:
If the attractant is not hung around, then you better not hang it. Because hanging a lure in an orchard is tantamount to "luring wolves into the house", it is easy to attract bugs around. But if a region is used uniformly, the effect is still OK.
17. Root nematodes
Root nematodes, genus Animal kingdom, linearoid phylum, nematodes, invertebrates. In recent years, root nematodes have been deified by agricultural dealers, as long as the tree is slightly yellow, it is said that it is a nematode pest, but in fact, there are not as many nematodes as imagined.
(1) Identification of citrus nematodes:
To distinguish between root-knot nematodes, first dig out the roots to see if there are any nodules. If there is, it is a nematode; if not, if the root system is healthy and healthy, it is not a nematode. So don't think that the tree is a nematode as soon as it is yellow, but learn to distinguish.
(2) Root nematode species that occur mainly in citrus:
Citrus root nematodes (semi-puncture), root-knot nematodes (full puncture), short-body nematodes (active endophytic nematodes).
(3) Transmission mode: seedlings, fertilizer, rainwater, root handover
(4) Prevention and control methods:
Agricultural means: strengthen the management of seedling fertilizer and water, and enhance the tree potential
Biological means: Rotunda pachyderma/Penicillium lilac
Chemical means: thiazolifos + avermectin / Lufuda (flupiramide)
In fact, citrus pest control is not difficult, as long as you master the method and medication, grasp the law of insect pests, you can timely kill the pests, ensure the quality of citrus, and avoid unnecessary economic losses.
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