This year is destined to be an eventful autumn for the Yue opera industry, in February, the eternal "Yue opera Liang Shanbo" Fan Ruijuan drove to hexi, did not want to April, the eternal "treasure brother" Xu Yulan also followed, at that time people said, "Yue opera ten sisters" good villains still have a "incense", this incense is With Fan Ruijuan partnered with Fu Quanxiang, the founder of Fu Pai, who has partnered with Fan Ruijuan for half a life. But the heavens seem to have arranged it earlier, at noon on the 24th, Fu Quanxiang also went west with her, and she was sick for several years due to a sudden stroke, and finally drew an end to the era of the ten sisters of Yue opera. The end of each era is so quiet, through the nearly hundred years of time and space pipeline, we seem to hear the old society of Shanghai, every time after the Yue opera small song class is over, the palm lamp person closes the last door when the crisp "bang".
"Liang Zhu" Fu Quanxiang as Zhu Yingtai
Nowadays, what circulates among the Yue opera fans of the father's generation can probably only be a sigh: the ten sisters are gone. As the second largest genre of opera after Peking Opera, although Yue opera has also entered Zhongnanhai and has gone out of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, the audience is still a local opera limited to dialect areas. From the pomp and momentum is far less than Peking Opera, but it is the heart of the small households in eastern Zhejiang, in the 90s, I spent the summer vacation at home, followed Yu Yao's grandmother to watch the TV drama version of "Liang Zhu", about 10 episodes of the series, I can see it can be sung beautifully. At that time, I had not seen the opera version of the series, there was a real scene and a plot, and the mixed form of rapping was engraved in the heart, the more the tune was like throwing pearls, the rebound was smooth, and the children imitated it with great energy.
That version is a series of Fu Quanxiang and Fan Ruijuan, 30 years after the film version of "Liang Zhu" in the early 50s, but I did not realize at that time, both of them are more than half a hundred years old, and the screen is like two dancing teenagers. Where children watch the drama and understand the doorway, I just have bias in my heart, only to say that Zhu Yingtai is much more beautiful than Liang Shanbo, just like in the Yue opera movie "Dream of the Red Chamber", Wang Wenjuan is better than "Brother Bao" Xu Yulan Junxiu. As a result, Fu Quanxiang's heroic and beautiful "Yingtai face" was remembered by me.
Fan Ruijuan as Liang Shanbo and Fu Quanxiang as Zhu Yingtai
People in eastern Zhejiang call Yue opera "Shaoxing opera", we have been called this since childhood, the prototype of Shaoxing opera is "landing singing books", is the shengxian field head croaking, from the small tune along the door to the township ceremony to sit in the hall performance, which also went through countless vigorous and annihilating "caotai class". Shaoxing opera is the most rural and low-level drama, and at the same time is probably the most feminist drama in the national opera, in the early 30s, the grass terrace flowing water class in the east coast of Zhejiang province into the flowery shanghai, the grand scene is probably similar to the Hui class into Beijing, Fu Quanxiang was recruited into the "Four Seasons Spring Class", it was already a completely female class.
"Peach Blossom Fan" Fu Quanxiang as Li Xiangjun
Compared with the famous Shaoxing Xiaobaihua in the 80s and 90s, or the Shanghai Yue Theater, the first state-run Yue opera signboard after liberation, the "little song class" in Shanghai in the 1930s is obviously worth mentioning. In July 12, The Republic of China, Shengxian businessman Wang Jinshui asked the male class artist Jin Rongshui to return to his hometown to open the first female class, recruiting more than 20 girls under the age of 13. On January 14 of the following year, the female class performed on the Shengping Song Stage in Shanghai, called the "Hipster Little Song Class". In the 18th year of the Republic of China, Shengxian county opened a second female class... In 1933, the "Four Seasons Spring Class" of Fu Quanxiang and Yuan Xuefen was established, and entered Shanghai in 1936.
Female classes flocked to Shanghai, which increased to 36 in the second half of the 30th year of the Republic of China, and newspapers commented that "Shanghai's women's Yue opera was all the rage, and recently it has the tendency to override everything." At that time, the famous Yue opera was nothing more than a person in Shengzhou, and Fu Quanxiang was no exception, entering the class at the age of 9, and his father was a drummer. My mother worked as a handyman in Cobain. There was an old mage in the class, The golden dragon, the play road is extremely wide, there is no one under the braid, in the end to learn the drama to see if the Lord appreciates this meal, he asked Fu Quanxiang, "You sing a few words to me to hear", "The new year comes in the first month, every household lights up with red lights...", "Good voice!" A passage of "Four Seasons of Love" sang Bao Jinlong, "Can you sing opera?" Sing a few words to me to hear good cuts? "Curse the evil thief Chen Shimei..." Quan Xiang opened his mouth and came.
Fu Quanxiang's real name is Sun Quanxiang, and finding this lifelong name is also the love affair of a wandering artist on the way. In the winter of 1936, he performed in a small town called Xixing near Xiaoshan, where the lanterns were very famous, and the owner of a lantern shop was surnamed Fu, an old widow with a son and a daughter. After the son got married, he never had children, and the old man liked her so much that he must have been a granddaughter. So he said that he changed his surname to Fu...
Fu Quanxiang "Green Pearl"
This "Four Seasons Spring Class" looks at the stars from later generations, Fu Quanxiang, Yuan Xuefen, Qian Miaohua, Shen Ailian, but at that time, the survival situation of the Caotai Class was miserable. It is not only a rigorous training, such as Master Biao's pursuit of "full of red", one person makes a mistake, the whole class is beaten, and the chant is a little sloppy, and he must "eat the palm of his hand". In fact, almost every female class has a fight with the Western monasteries in the discipline of the qing rules, and there are people in the group who are also equivalent to the house supervisors, and the slogans and admonitions are indispensable, such as "act innocently and innocently, and act seriously." Therefore, when the famous Xiao Dangui of the gaosheng stage secretly communicated with the boss Zhang Chunfan, the high-pressure pump burst like a storm in the city. However, Fu Quanxiang was just a poor village baby who had just come to Shanghai to open her eyes, and she went hand in hand with Fan Ruijuan in another drama class, gritting her teeth and running the dragon set, desperately trying to top the "head and shoulders" of the replacement, in order to achieve a "Liang Zhu" screen marriage in the future.
In 1934, Fu Quanxiang followed the class master through the river ditches and waters of the water towns in eastern Zhejiang, singing "it is difficult to sing every year, everywhere is homeless", and three years later, he advanced into the Ten Mile Ocean Field and set up villages in tea houses, liquor stores and hotels. That year, The Golden Voice Zhou Xuan's lingering "summer comes willow silk long, big girl drifts to the Yangtze River" topped the sea golden song list, "Song of The Four Seasons" may be the most condensed imprint of that generation of artists. After the "August 13 Incident," the Songhu War of Resistance broke out, and the "Spring Class of the Four Seasons" rolled up the covers and fled back to their hometown. The second time he entered Shanghai was in the early 1940s, and Fu Quanxiang hung up four cards.
Fu Quanxiang
She once said that after learning drama, she relied on "stealing", stealing the predecessors Ma Zhanghua, Xiao Baiyumei, and even stealing the Cheng Sect master Cheng Yanqiu. "At that time, Xiao Bai yumei performed in the Little World Theater, and I really liked to watch her plays. As soon as I listened to her singing, I felt that her false voice was particularly well used, and the pitch was crisp and crisp. Especially the allegro, the bite word is accurate, the spit is clear, and dozens of sentences in one breath are still full of energy. I 'stole' a lot from her. ”
Yue opera itself was born out of Shao opera, and also "brought" Peking Opera and Republic of China drama, which was a kind of drama that constantly absorbed nutrients, and it was not like Peking Opera that officially entered the room, so it was more radiant with a state of freedom. Fu Quanxiang, these team plays, went to Shanghai to see the "please horns", often for some big names to play, so she described it as "I have to steal on the stage, I did not steal under the stage, I and the old Yuan (Yuan Xuefen) and Miaohua, all by learning while stealing, only to learn some drama."
Stills from Fu Quanxiang and Yuan Xuefen's "The Tale of the West Chamber"
But stealing Cheng Yanqiu had to pass five levels and slash six generals, and each time it was difficult to find a ticket, and he could only hide in the background with the theater carpenter to listen to the play. It was not until 1954 that she really got the oral transmission of Cheng Shi, but unexpectedly turned iron into gold, achieving the maturity of her "Fu Pai Singing Voice". The characteristic of Fu Pai's singing voice is that the sound quality is clear and beautiful, "the true sound is a little false, the false sound is true", so that it is graceful and mature in the conversion of true and false sounds, just like the long pavilion and the short pavilion sent by eighteen miles, and the ups and downs are meandering like streams and streams, like warblers. Cheng Yanqiu told her about the importance of breath control, "The waist is the backbone of the actor, you have a problem on the stage, the waist collapses, why is this so?" Just because you can't use the breath to carry the waist strength", the hard work on the breath has achieved Fu Quanxiang's signature of "Yue Opera Flower Cavity Female High". Later, Ouyang Yuqian once joked with Cheng Yanqiu at the dinner table, "You Cheng Pai actually took root in Shaoxing opera."
In 1943, Fu Quanxiang hung up the first card of "Four Seasons Spring", in order to attract the wide range, "Four Seasons Spring" was renamed "Fu Quanxiang Troupe", she and Fan Ruijuan sang "Liang Zhu", and sang into the hearts of a generation of people as soon as they sang. Fan Ruijuan absorbed the characteristics of "anti-two yellows" in Peking Opera, and borrowed from Ma Lianliang, and the two were one gentle and fluent, and the other was old and spicy. At that time, it seemed that one person was one faction, one faction became one society, and in Shanghai before liberation, there were many Yue opera clubs, and there was a great atmosphere of abolishing old rules and breaking new ground, Yuan Xuefen had her "Xuesheng Troupe", and Fu Fan formed the "Dongshan Yue Art Society". However, what really ushered in the "new cultural movement" in the field of opera and art was that after liberation, this "Dongshan Yue Art Society" joined the state-run theater troupe "East China Yue Opera Experimental Theater Troupe" for the sake of the overall situation, which was the predecessor of the Shanghai Yue Theatre.
"Peacock Flying Southeast" Fu Quanxiang as Liu Lanzhi
As a result, the opera became the "opera worker" of new China, making everyone cheer and celebrate this "leap". These celebrities were received by Premier Zhou, a fan of Yue opera, who said at the Geneva conference that "Liang Zhu" was China's "Luo Ou", which also laid a sufficient foundation for the going out of Chinese Yue opera. However, compared with the luxury of Peking Opera, Yue opera has always been a kind of rural cold, and premier Zhou once said when he met them, "Have you ever thought about it, if you remove the sets, lights, props, and rely on a table and two stools alone, Yue opera will not be able to perform people." The reason is because you have a thin foundation. ”...... Yuan Xuefen responded that yue opera has developed from 'Du Ban' to today in just over a decade, "mainly relying on two grandmothers - Kun opera and drama." ”
"Love of Mountains and Rivers" Fu Quanxiang and Zhu Shuizhao co-starred
In October 1947, Yuan Xufufan and ten other female artists performed the new drama "Mountain and River Love" on the same stage, in order to oppose the old drama class system, prepare to build a theater and drama school, develop Yue opera, hold a joint charity performance, sensational Shanghai, "Ten Sisters of Yue Opera" hence the name. Among the ten people, there was a Yue opera queen Xiao Dangui who once had to look up to her, but just a few days after the performance, the news of her suicide came. The remaining "Nine Sisters" solemnly accuse zhang Chunfan, the former boss of the gaosheng stage, for the remnants of the old system, believing that Xiao was tortured to death by him. Maybe every door will have a Zhou Xuan or Ruan Lingyu, and the miserable twilight is the usual ending under the brokerage system of the old society theater.
So the new society is coming, from drama to opera workers, perhaps for them, the four words of life like drama have moved from the stage to reality as never before, and even more so in the next ten years of catastrophe. On Huashan Road in Shanghai, there is a magnificent Spanish-style detached apartment called "Pillow Stream Apartment", which is the home where Fu Quanxiang has lived for half a century, and her neighbors are Zhou Xuan, Fan Ruijuan, Wang Wenjuan, Sun Daolin, Xu Zhucheng... This apartment is the property bought by Li Hongzhang, at the end of the Qing Dynasty for his widow to collect rent to live, "pillow stream" taken from a poem by Liu Yuxi, "Life has hurt the past several times, Yamagata is still pillow cold flow." The past of the "Ten Sisters", together with their Yue opera, is like the sycamore branches in front of the apartment will be bald this autumn, but it will inevitably sprout new shoots in the coming year.
(Image from the Internet)
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