<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" ></h1>
At this time, the Japanese army was attacking Taiyuan from northern Jin, southern Cha, and western Hebei. In order to cooperate with the frontal defense of the Kuomintang army, the 115th Division of the Communist-led Eighteenth Army marched to Pingxingguan.
On September 22, the Kuomintang Central News Agency issued the Declaration of the Communist Party of China for the Promulgation of Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China. The next day, Chiang Kai-shek issued a statement that actually recognized the legitimate status of the Communist Party of China and the cooperation between the two parties to resist Japan. At this point, the anti-Japanese national united front based on the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was formally formed.
On September 25, 1937, a unit of the 115th Division of the Communist-led Eighth Route Army ambushed the supply units of the Japanese Fifth (Sakagaki) Division advancing along the Pingsui Line northeast of Pingxingguan, and the fierce battle lasted day and night--the battle was in progress, and the terrified enemy was ignored by this sudden attack for a while, and when they were slightly "awake" and then tried their best to organize a resistance, but it was too late; dense shells, guns, grenades came from all directions, and they could not distinguish between the southeast, the northwest, and the southeast, the northwest, and the northeast. Although there is resistance, it is also the last struggle before dying...
The troops of our heroic Eighth Route Army condescended to charge at the Japanese Kou who were still resisting, and in an instant the sound of military trumpets and killings was tremendous, and the soldiers all killed red-eyed, one by one, their eyes were full of hatred and blood, and their angry roars were struck at the enemy with the fire-breathing bullets and bayonets; at the end of the day, the bodies of the invaders lay in the narrow valley of Pingxingguan, annihilating more than 1,000 enemy personnel throughout the entire campaign, and capturing a large number of military vehicles, ammunition, firearms, and all kinds of military supplies.
This great victory was the first major victory won by the Chinese people since the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. It dealt a heavy blow to the vigor of the Japanese army, enhanced the reputation of the Eighth Route Army, and inspired the hearts and minds of the whole country; all political parties, democratic organizations, and people from all walks of life throughout the country sent congratulatory telegrams to the Eighth Route Army, and even Chiang Kai-shek sent telegrams expressing "condolences," "congratulations," and "commendations."
After the Japanese troops who violated the Pingsui Line were hit at Pingxing Pass, they broke through the Inner Great Wall defense line from The Mouth of the Mushroom and attacked in the direction of Taiyuan. In order to defend Taiyuan, the Kuomintang concentrated more than 10 divisions, with Wei Lihuang, deputy commander of the Second Theater, as the commander-in-chief of the former enemy, and organized defense in the Xinkou area.
In order to cooperate with the Battle of Xinkou, the 115th And 120th Divisions of the Eighth Route Army ambushed and contained the enemy behind the enemy's flanks in the northeast and northwest of Xinkou, respectively, destroying the communication lines behind the enemy lines; and penetrating deep into the enemy's rear Yanbei, Chanan, and Western Hebei to recover more than 10 towns.
At this time, the Japanese army that invaded the vast areas of East China, North China, Central China, and South China had broken through the heavy defensive lines of the Kuomintang defenders and successively captured many small and medium-sized cities such as Baoding, Kaifeng, and Anqing. In a situation where the enemy is strong and we are weak, the loss of a number of national territories is inevitable; but the Kuomintang on the whole is a frontal battlefield of defeat and retreat, losing too much land, too fast, and losing huge losses.
The main reason was that the Kuomintang government practiced a one-sided line of resistance and suppressed the masses to rise up to resist the war, and fantasized about relying on the intervention of imperialism such as Britain and the United States to stop Japanese aggression. Militarily, we should practice the policy of passive defense, divide our troops, hold our positions, and be passively beaten. In addition, before the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Kuomintang had long implemented the reactionary policy of "foreign countries must first be at home," lacked adequate preparations for the war of resistance, was in a hurry to mobilize, and was difficult to adapt to; the troops were huge and complex, there were many factions, there were many contradictions, and there was no coordination with each other, which were also factors that caused military defeats during this period.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" >2. Persist in guerrilla warfare</h1>
On September 29, 1937, chairman Mao, in light of the development and changes in the current situation, sent a telegram to Zhou Enlai and others, pointing out that our army should adhere to the principle of guerrilla warfare when the situation in north China is critical:
Shanxi will become a special situation in North China. This is fundamentally because there is a Red Army, followed by Yan Xishan's combination with us. The combination of these two forces will create a guerrilla war for millions of people. We should adhere to this policy, arrange guerrilla warfare throughout the province, and adhere to the fundamental policy of abolishing harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes, reducing rents and interest rates, participating in the people's political affairs, and transforming the Jin army.
The fundamental policy is to win over the masses and to organize guerrilla groups of the masses. Under this general policy, conditional centralized operations are carried out.
...... A cadre school of five hundred to one thousand people should be set up in the front, jointly run by the Red Army and the local parties, to serve as cadres in guerrilla warfare.
On the same day, Chairman Mao published an article entitled "Urgent Tasks after Kuomintang-Communist Cooperation," pointing out that the development of the united front should be enriched.
On October 2, according to the agreement reached between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Red Army guerrillas who remained in the eight southern provinces to persist in the struggle were reorganized into the newly organized Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
It was also at this time that He Zizhen became pregnant again and tentatively said to Chairman Mao: "I... I want to go..."
Chairman Mao asked urgently, "Where are you going?" "
He Zizhen said: "I went to Xi'an and Shanghai to heal my injuries..."
At this time, the guard Xiao He shouted "report" outside the door, and Chairman Mao had to suppress what he wanted to say, and responded to the door: "Come in!" "
After Xiao He walked into the cave, He Zizhen got up and left...
Then, the confidential secretary Ye Zilong came to ask Chairman Mao again: "Chairman, Kang Da called and said that there were more than two hundred people in the new class, and when will the chairman meet them?" "
Chairman Mao sat at the desk with a brush in his hand, looked at the calendar and said, "Let's go to 3 p.m. the day after tomorrow!" "
After Ye Zilong withdrew, He Zizhen walked back to the cave that served as Chairman Mao's study. Chairman Mao put down the brush in his hand, stood up and said to his wife, "The Kang Da has arrived with a new group of young people, and they want me to meet them."
He Zizhen said restlessly, "You are really busy!" As soon as you have time, you disappear, either in meetings or writing books, or reading documents or meeting people..."
Chairman Mao explained: "I am busy with work, and now it is the period of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression..." Then he patiently said: "Guiyuan, now that the situation has developed, we should have more contacts and talk more with these people who have come to Yan'an; moreover, these non-party masses and patriotic young people from all directions need us to tell them about the revolutionary principles, which is also investigation and study, and political work of linking the eyes with the masses downwards. "
He Zizhen was speechless for a moment, but said: "Your feelings are too complicated." "
Chairman Mao smiled and comforted: "Is revolutionary feeling the first!" "
He Zizhen's expression was pitiful, and he didn't say anything more...
Chairman Mao went to the "Kang Da" as scheduled to receive more than 200 new trainees.
In the face of her husband, who is busy with work, He Zizhen is troubled by her physical condition, and she is even more distressed that she cannot help her husband more; she is used to living in the environment of war, not used to living a "plain" life, and is determined to leave Yan'an, first find a place to heal her injuries and then say...
At this time, chairman Mao needed to consider too many important things, and he did not notice the complicated changes in his wife's feelings...
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" > third, the law is supreme</h1>
On October 6, Chairman Mao sent a telegram to Zhou Enlai and others, asking them to convey to the Kuomintang military authorities that they would gather heavy troops to hold the niangziguan front line in order to facilitate the victory of the battle north of Taiyuan.
At this time, an unexpected thing happened that caused a sensation in Yan'an City - Huang Kegong, the captain of the 6th team of the "Kang Da", shot her to death on the bank of the Yan River because of the attempt to force a marriage attempt against Liu Qian, a female student of Northern Shaanxi Public School. For a time, the military and civilian public opinion in Yan'an was in an uproar. Chairman Mao was very angry when he received the news, and he said to Xie Jueya and Lei Jingtian, president of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region High Court, and others: "If a cow does not drink water and presses its head, where in the world is there such a reason?" We are a contingent led by the Communist Party, we protect the people, and we have iron discipline; we must handle Huang Kegong according to law and deal with them severely! "
Lei Jingtian tentatively asked, "Chairman, Captain Huang is a cadre of the Long March and a person who has made great contributions..."
"Bullshit!" Chairman Mao suddenly turned his face, "Can the long march cadres kill people at will?" We in the Communist Party do not yet have such rules! He is not even the Heavenly King Lao Tzu! In feudal society, there is also a saying that 'princes break the law and commit the same crime as the common people', are we still inferior to the emperors and generals in feudal society? 'Tears and horses' will never be slackened for the sake of the country and the people! "
Xie Jueya said: "We must do it according to the instructions of the chairman and in accordance with the laws of our party!" "
Lei Jingtian also said: "I immediately organized personnel to file a case for investigation, and then reported to the chairman..."
Chairman Mao breathed a sigh of relief, took a cigarette, and said, "Instead of reporting to chairman Mao, we are going to report to the people, and we are responsible to the people." "
Under chairman Mao's direct order, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region High Court began to file and investigate Huang Kegong's murder case, and said that it would seriously investigate and deal with it and punish it according to law.
As a result, Huang Kegong was sentenced to death.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" > Fourth, unity and resistance is the right way</h1>
On October 10, Chairman Mao correctly predicted that drastic changes would take place in the north China battlefield, and gave clear instructions in a timely manner to the deployment of the Eighth Route Army: the main force of the 115th Division moved to the Lüliang Mountains west of the Fenhe River; the 129th Division insisted on guerrilla warfare south of Zhengtai Road; and the 120th Division insisted on guerrilla warfare in northwestern Jin.
Chairman Mao's correct arrangements for judging the hour and sizing up the situation placed the main force of our army in a favorable position in the course of strategizing against the enemy...
In the cave at the foot of the Phoenix Mountain, He Long, who had come to resign, said to Chairman Mao: "We are gone, and Vice Chairman Zhou has not been around for a few days, and the burden on the chairman's shoulders is even heavier; please pay more attention to taking care of your body, we people can all count on you!" "
Guan Xiangying, who also resigned, also said: "The chairman must take more care, pay more attention to rest himself, and don't work day and night..."
"Get used to it!" Chairman Mao said humorously, "As long as you have a firm foothold in the front, I, Chairman Mao, will be well fed and sleepy here!" "
He Long sucked on his big pipe and smiled: "The chairman is planning to win a thousand miles, and this game of the War of Resistance has long been laid out!" "
"This game of chess is not very good..." Chairman Mao also smoked a cigarette and said, "Our Eighth Route Army and the anti-Japanese armed forces under our leadership must not only fight Japan, but also deal with Chiang Kai-shek. "
Guan Xiangying said: "Back then, Zhuge Liang had to fight cao cao and deal with Sun Quan, and he was also bleeding blood..." Chairman Mao laughed: "Guan Yunchang did not carry out Zhuge Liang's policy of 'uniting with Wu to resist Cao', and as a result, he lost Jingzhou and fell into disgrace himself; fortunately, our generals are all communists who have experienced hundreds of battles, have firm conviction and organizational discipline in resolutely carrying out orders, and the whole party and the whole army play a game of chess, with a clear direction and the same goal, and it is not wrong to unite with Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan." "
He Long laughed proudly: "Please rest assured Chairman, there are only Zhang Fei and Zhao Zilong in our troops, conscientiously understand the spirit of the central authorities and resolutely carry out orders!" "
"Everyone is Zhuge Liang!" Chairman Mao said cheerfully, "Our Eighth Route Army is fighting for the people, and neither is it a feudal emperor!" Only he, Chiang Kai-shek, engaged in dictatorship and did not know how to unite against Japan and eventually suffer a big loss. In the midst of laughter, Chairman Mao, He Long, and Guan Xiangying were full of confidence in the future of the war of resistance...
On this day, the Japanese army attacking south along the Pinghan Line occupied Shijiazhuang, an important industrial town in Hebei Province.
In the evening, Chairman Mao, who was executed for Huang Kegong, wrote a letter to Lei Jingtian, president of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region High Court:
You and Huang Kegong's letter are read. Huang Kegong's history of struggle in the past was glorious, and today he is sentenced to capital punishment, and I and the comrades of the Party Central Committee regret it. But he has committed such a despicable, cruel, loss of position, loss of revolutionary position, loss of human position as a cadre of the Red Army, a Communist Party member, such a despicable, cruel, loss of revolutionary position, if for pardon, there is no way to educate the Party, no way to educate the Red Army, no way to educate revolutionaries, and no ordinary person to educate. Therefore, the Central Committee and the Central Military Commission had to sentence him to capital punishment on the basis of his criminal deeds and the discipline of the Party and the Red Army. It is precisely because Huang Kegong is different from an ordinary person, precisely because he has been a Communist Party member for many years and a Red Army for many years, that he cannot but do so. The Communist Party and the Red Army cannot but enforce stricter discipline on their own Members and members of the Red Army than on the common people. When the country was in crisis and the revolution was tense, Huang Kegong was despicable, cruel, and selfish to such an extent that his death was determined by his own actions. All Communists, all Commanders and Fighters of the Red Army, and all revolutionaries must take Huang Kegong as a lesson for the past. I ask you to announce this letter at the public trial meeting, in front of Huang Kegong and the people present, in addition to announcing the court's verdict. The family of Comrade Liu Qian should be comforted and compensated.
On October 13, the Japanese army launched a fierce attack on Xinkou, and the Chinese defenders bravely resisted...
On October 19, Chairman Mao attended the first anniversary commemoration of Lu Xun's death at The Northern Shaanxi Public School in Yan'an, and delivered a speech entitled "On Lu Xun" at the conference.
On the same night, the three battalions of the 769th Regiment of the 129th Division attacked the enemy airfield in Yangmingbao, Dai County at night; amid the explosion of grenades and the rapid firing of gun shells, all 24 enemy planes parked on both sides of the runway of the airport were burned down, and more than a hundred enemy who were blinded were all annihilated in the burning sky-high flames---- and this victory fully demonstrated the power of the Eighth Route Army's mobile and flexible guerrilla tactics.
At this time, the Japanese army invading Wuhan had broken through the key passes of The Great Bie Mountains and occupied the area around Daye and Echeng, and the three towns of Wuhan were surrounded by the enemy on three sides.
In Shanghai, the fierce battle between the Chinese defenders and the Japanese invading army is in full swing...
In Taiyuan, the Japanese army on the outskirts has been annihilated by more than 10,000 people, the Chinese army has also suffered tens of thousands of casualties, and the commander of the army, Hao Mengling, and the division commander Liu Jiaqi have been martyred one after another. The two sides formed a confrontational posture...
On October 23, Chairman Mao issued an appeal to all Communists, the Red Army, and the people of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region:
Japanese imperialism must be defeated, and the Communists, the Red Army, and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region bear this responsibility. We must awaken the people's and national parties throughout the country to implement the Ten Programs of Resisting Japan and Saving the Country put forward by the Communist Party in order to save the crisis and defeat the Japanese Kou. Every Communist, every advanced element, unites, does not succumb to any difficulties, prepares everything well, and finally smashes Japanese imperialism.