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Regardless of which country's banknotes, the most powerful ones will be selected to print on it, and in the pattern changes on the banknotes, people can often speculate about the cultural, political and economic development trends of a country. The use of art works in banknote design is not uncommon.
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Portrait of Washington on a one-dollar bill and the original image
The UK has officially left the EU, ending this ups and downs. People are curious about what the future holds for Britain after leaving the European Union, and it is one of its most prestigious assets that will change first: the pound sterling.
At present, the new £20 bill (about 182 yuan) has begun to circulate in the market, the banknote is naturally indispensable to Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, and the back is printed with the head of Joseph Mallord William Turner, and the background is his famous work "Battleship Fearless dragged to disintegration".
The new £20 edition is now on display next to the Turner self-portrait at the Tate Gallery
It could have been printed on money, and it was even more "dragon and phoenix among people" to be printed on 20 pounds. The pound banknotes are 5 pounds, 10 pounds, 20 pounds and 50 pounds, and in this new type of banknote, there are 2 billion bills with a face value of 20 pounds, which is more than the total number of other denominations, which shows the status of 20 pounds and the importance of Turner.
Poster for the 2014 mike Lee film Mr. Turner
Turner paints landscapes and people's hearts. For £20 he was a beautiful young man, and in the BBC documentary The Power of Art and the film Mr. Turner, he was an out-and-out lewd uncle. So, who is he? And why is it important?
Influence impressionist and abstract art
Turner's artistic beginnings can begin with his idol, the French painter Claude Lorrain (1600–1682). Loren was known for his mythological landscapes, and the young Turner stood in front of his paintings with tearful eyes: "I can't paint this painting in my life!" "However, we all know that he did. Today, in the British National Gallery, his works hang next to Claude's at his last wishes.
Great art is often accompanied by controversy, as is the case with Turner during his lifetime, as well as with the later artists who were influenced by him. The most famous of these is the school that was criticized for its novelty at the time, but now it is the art market and even the popular genre of the people, Impressionism.
Turner's Fire in the House of Parliament, 1834
Impressionist masters Monet, Degas, Renoir and others once wrote in an open letter:
A group of Frenchmen, united under the same aesthetic pursuit ... With great enthusiasm, he threw himself into the movement of the form of objects that expressed motion and the vagaries of light phenomena. They have not forgotten that on this road there is a remarkable English master who has long been ahead of them. He was the great Mr. Turner.
Turner's Slave Ship oil painting 91 × 123 cm 1840 Now in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
His influence extends to modern times, and in 1966 Mark Rothko, one of the three great figures of Abstract Expressionism and currently the most expensive abstract expressionist painter, jokingly said after visiting the Turner exhibition: "This guy named 'Turner' learned a lot from me." ”
Won the hearts of the British and the whole world with landscape paintings
In 2005, BBC Channel 4 held a vote on "The Greatest British Paintings", with Turner's Battleship Intrepid dragged to disintegration winning first with 27% of the votes, followed by Constiphol's Haymill, which received 18% of the votes.
Turner's oil painting of the battleship Dreadnought dragged to disintegration, 1839, national gallery collection
In this work, the protagonist is not the "Temeraire" who contributed to Nelson's victory in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, but a small steamboat that drags a huge warship toward its decommissioning and disintegration, expressing its admiration for the Industrial Revolution.
Turner called this work "darling", first because of its beauty and second because of its love of subject matter.
The British Victorian writer John Ruskin was the first and most famous "Turner blower" in history. He once described Turner as "the greatest painter of the 19th century."
In 1984, the Tate founded the Turner Prize, not only because of his greatness, but also because of his controversial nature. Britain's most important contemporary artists today: Damien Hirst, Tracey Emin, anish Kapoor, all winners of the Turner Prize, carry the spirit of Turner: no art without controversy.
The 2019 Turner Prize was co-won by four nominees, namely Tai Shani, Lawrence Abu Hamdan, Helen Cammock and Oscar Murillo.
Ordinary and unpleasant freak
Anecdotes, wild histories, and even misery, the art world is sometimes like a draft. And although Turner is a strange person, he does not have too much gossip, others are rude and boring, and he is still a workaholic. He never married, had a mistress, and bore him two children, which was not a major event of bad manners at the time. But it wasn't until Turner's death that she was discovered—in his will, in sketches of he had never shown before.
Toru, Self-Portrait, oil painting, 1799
Turner left few self-portraits, the most famous one printed on the 20 pounds, not only handsome, but also the hairstyle is not messy, is the "standard portrait" that Turner painted for himself.
However, in the interpretation of later generations, Turner's appearance is not like this. In 2014, Timothy Spahl won Best Actor at the 67th Cannes International Film Festival for "Monsieur Turner". Many people think that the reason he won the award was to "scandalize" Turner.
In fact, Turner did not like to have people paint portraits of him, and the French artist Eugene Delacroix once described Turner's appearance: "The appearance of an English farmer, fat black clothes, wide shoes, and a stiff and indifferent demeanor." ”
Stills from "Mr. Turner"
Truth and self-portrait judged two people, Spoo is actually a god restored, no wonder won the award!
So this was the "most beautiful work photo" at that time, and even "cheating". The only thing that may be restored is his hairstyle, as Turner's father was a hairdresser.
Turner was born upstairs in his father's barber shop in 1775, to a modest family, but the community he grew up in was not at all "elegant." At the age of 13, his works were exhibited and sold in the window of his father's barbershop, at the age of 14 he entered the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, at the age of 15 he exhibited his works for the first time at the Academy's annual exhibition, and at the age of 26 he became the youngest academician. The teenager was successful, but because of his controversial style, his personality was not flattering, and he did not have a particularly good life.
The Fisherman of the Sea was Turner's first oil painting, in the Tate Gallery, England In 1796, the painting was exhibited at the Academy's Summer Exhibition, and his works were exhibited by the Academy almost every year of his life
There is also a god restoration in the film - his nails are always stained, not dirt, but paint. Because Turner likes to scrape the oil paint with his fingers to make effects, and even spit on the painting to make a hazy effect - although this method is also naughty, I am afraid it is not popular with "noble" people.
Fateful showdown
The genius of the "Yu Liang Controversy" added a lot of pressure to Turner's career, John Constable (1776-1837) has always been Turner's number one competitor, and vaguely suppressed Turner's head, so the two often fight openly. 25 May 1832 was the Day of The Royal College of Art, the day before the Salon of the Royal Academy of Arts, for artists to make final modifications to their paintings and apply them to preserve their color and shine.
Constabeuer, best known for "HayMill," is busy finishing his masterpiece, The Opening of Waterloo Bridge, in a salon where he spent more than a decade.
Turner's Helvoetsluys hangs next to it. Turner looked at a few strokes that Constiper had added at the last minute and decided to add one to his painting: a red buoy on the surface of the water.
The film "Mr. Turner" shows a dramatic scene between Turner and Constiper
The contrast between the red and gray sky and the ocean captures the audience's attention and even ignores Constipore's work, which is also found in the film Monsieur Turner. A year earlier, Constabeuer had relied on his position on an exhibition committee to replace Turner's painting with one of his own paintings and hang the replaced Turner in a side room next to the main exhibition hall. This is like a microcosm, representing the previous open and secret struggles between the two people.
The two were not inferior before they died, and the British Art Museum and the public were willing to compare them together. But like that buoy that added, as the years passed, Turner outperformed Constabour in the world and in history because of his innovation and leadership.
Feel the sublime in landscape paintings
Turner spent his years sketching on the banks of the Thames and created more than 1,900 drawings, watercolors and oil paintings, the vast majority of which were landscapes.
He has also traveled extensively in Europe. His work is accompanied by his own poems, suggesting that his imagery has a deeper and more pessimistic meaning.
Like Turner's famous "The Blizzard: Hannibal and His Army Crossing the Alps," an avalanche is taking place on Mount Grison in Switzerland, with a large amount of ice falling down. Although Turner visited the area in 1802, his inspiration was probably inspired by a series of reports about the avalanche at Mount Grisson in 1810 that killed 25 people.
Turner' Oil painting of The Blizzard: Hannibal and His Army Crossing the Alps, 1812
Turner was also inspired by Drudel Burg's paintings on avalanches, intending to portray the rich texture and texture of ice and rocks in order to convey to the audience the awe-inspiring and destructive power of magnificent nature.
The violent whirlpool structure is a hallmark of Turner's landscape paintings—by placing people in the center of a whirlpool or storm, highlighting the smallness of human beings in front of nature, perceiving the "sublime" of nature. This is also an important theme of European Romanticism.
In order to feel the sublime power of nature, Turner is said to have tied himself to the mast of a ship in a storm to experience the scene of a storm.
In the 18th-century British painting world, watercolor painting was not in the mainstream, and landscape painting was ranked last of all painting subjects by Joshua Reynolds, the first director of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. But because of Turner's continued persistence, watercolor gradually gained unprecedented favor and popularity. Watercolor is better suited to rapidly changing landscapes, more conducive to travel creation, and carries more personal feelings from Turner.
Turner's Ivy Bridge watercolor painting, 1813
Turner, Via Schiavoni, Venice, Water Festival, 1845
Turner uses oversized experimental watercolor paintings and coloring methods to allow various colors to bloom at the same time, using contrasting tones to form an atmosphere. In contrast, the original grand and luxurious academic oil painting became dull and dim, and Turner single-handedly developed watercolor painting, and put landscape painting on the same level as history painting and portrait painting, making a special contribution to art history and making himself a blockbuster.
The indistinguishable outline of the object, the instantaneous light and shadow, make Turner full of controversy in his life and point to the hearts of future painters. 2020 is also a great opportunity for audiences to get a glimpse of Turner's artistic career, as several important Turner exhibitions will be staged in turn. One of the largest Turner exhibitions in the United States, "Turner: The Quest for the Sublime" (J.M.W. Turner: Quest for the Sublime" has opened at the Frist Art Museum in Nashville with more than 70 turner masterpieces on display until May 31.
Turner's Sea Burial, 1842, from the Tate Gallery
The lender of the exhibition, the Tate Gallery in the United Kingdom, which has the world's largest collection of Turner's works, will also hold an exhibition on October 28, "Turner's Modern World", which traces the artist's relationship with the industrial, technological and political changes of the 19th century, commemorating this milestone moment for Turner.
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