A large summary of the problems of the fruiting period of Shakya Fruit

1, spot disease: Shakya fruit in July to the end of October for appropriate summer pruning, in late November, the second stage of the fruit on the branches of the leaves, flowers and young fruits generally grow normally, but after the temperature drops sharply, easy to appear spots, the later oil-soaked black spots are integrated with each other, the surrounding leaf flesh tissue is yellow, mild dehydration, seriously affecting leaf photosynthesis, which in turn leads to leaf defoliation and weakens tree growth. Therefore, be sure to spray Baitai + chlormycin + Jiamei 1000 times liquid before cooling to prevent disease outbreaks.

2. Fruit black spot disease: the causes of fruit black spot disease include physiological factors and pathogenic bacteria. The former takes excessive moisture and frostbite as the main factors, resulting in similar symptoms, but it is easy to distinguish due to different stages of occurrence. The black spot disease caused by too much water mainly occurs in the rainy period, which is the first stage of the young fruit stage of the fruit tree, because of a large amount of water absorption and excessive pruning, the flowers and branches become thin, and most of the water in the development stage of the young fruit is present in the young fruit, so that the black spots appear inside the pulp tissue. In the initial stage, the young fruit continues to grow to the middle fruit, the number of dark spots increases, and the fusion causes the fruit to turn black, and then the whole fruit becomes black and dry.

Another in the second stage of the fruit tree from December to January, if it encounters a cold snap, the scaly mesh of the skin is stimulated by a sharp drop in low temperature, slightly cracked and black spots appear, and the internal pulp tissue is gradually infected, expanding and fusing, and the whole fruit becomes black in the later stage. It is important to pay attention to not over-watering, proper drainage during the rainy season or straw on the ground to prevent drastic changes in soil moisture. Spray Baitai + chlortethromycin + Jiamei 1000 times liquid before cooling to prevent disease outbreaks.

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3. Fruit cracking: In general, the cracking rate of Shakya fruit at the large fruit stage and the second fruit stage is more common in the slope orchard than in the young fruit stage, the first fruit stage and the flat orchard. The main factors contributing to fruit cracking include calcium deficiency in the early stages, abnormal irrigation water supply and a sharp decline in low temperatures. The former mainly occurs on the fruit of large trees, if there is rain after a long drought for several consecutive days, due to the root system absorbing water, the top growth of the pulp tissue rises sharply, the growth of the peel scales is slow, so that the growth of the two is unbalanced, and the top of the fruit first appears small cracks, extending to both sides of the fruit, the fruit cracks. In the early stage, it must be drip irrigation or flushing Jiamei bonus 1 bag + Jiamei brain platinum 1 bag; or Jiamei bonus 1 bag + Jiamei Hailibao 2-3 kg, foliar spray 1000 times liquid Jiamei brain platinum 2-3 times, conditioning the soil, early calcium supplementation, prevention of fruit cracking is very important.

When there is a cold wave, rapid cooling and frost damage during the large fruit stage or harvest period, the cracking rate of Shakya fruit is higher. This is because the smallest scaly interstitial tissue on the peel is torn apart by the biting cold wind, and black spots or small black spots appear on the scales. 2-3 days after cracking, although the fruit is still on the tree, but because the fruit is cracked and mature, it emits a mellow taste of the fruit, which not only attracts pests such as fruit flies and parasites to eat and destroy, but also cracks are easy to breed mold, then the fruit has lost its commercial value. Therefore, fruit cracking has a great impact on farmers' income, and it is best to smoke in advance and bag it.

4, fruit sunburn: in addition to frostbite, sunburn is also a fatal element of Shakya fruit, especially in the summer from July to September due to the strong sunlight, when the result of the lack of foliage to block the sun, the scales of the peel will be sunburned. If the small fruit is damaged, the small fruit will change from light blue to dark blue and dry, and the fruit will remain on the branches. If the large and medium-sized fruit is partially damaged, the initial pale blue will turn dark blue at a later stage, and several small transverse cracks will appear. However, it can continue to grow until the time of harvest, and it can also be cooked and eaten later, but it has no commodity value. Early bagging in advance, drip irrigation per acre or flush Jiamei dividend 1 bag + Jiamei brain platinum 1 bag, foliar spray 1000 times liquid Jiamei brain platinum 2-3 times, conditioning the soil, early calcium supplementation, prevention of fruit sunburn is very important.

5, fruit fly harm: fruit fly insects on the fruit of Shakya fruit, one is the female egg laying tube inserted into the peel to lay eggs, resulting in fruit glue or deformity; the second is to hatch larvae, eat the flesh in the fruit, resulting in fruit rot, fruit fall, reduce yield and fruit quality. During the expansion to maturity of the fruit, the fruit is seriously affected when it has a fruity aroma.

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The adults are 6–8 mm long, black and yellow all over the body, resembling a fly, with transparent wings and clear-brown wings, the males are slightly smaller than the females; ovoid fusiform, about 1 mm long, milky white; the larvae are conical, maggot-shaped, about 10 mm long when old, yellowish-white; pupae are oval, about 5 mm long, yellowish-brown. According to the annual observation of the change of the amount of flies, there are adult insects throughout the year, there is basically no obvious overwintering phenomenon, the main time of occurrence is from April to November every year, the number is small from December to March of the following year, and the density of the insect population increases with the growth and expansion of the fruit, and reaches the peak at the ripening period of the fruit. Adults lay eggs through the laying tubes into the peel, the larvae eat the flesh in the fruit and excrete the insect feces to cause rotten fruit, rotten fruit emits an unpleasant foul odor, and the old mature larvae jump out of the rotten fruit and fall into the topsoil pupa, and after feathering, they burrow out of the ground. Adults are generally strong towards yellow phototropism, and male adults are sensitive to sex pheromone methyl eugenol and have strong tendencies.

Precautions:

(1) Clean the orchard, keep the orchard hygienic, remove weeds and rot around the orchard, remove the falling fruit, etc.;

(2) Normal chemical control, the use of avoidance agents, prevention and control of fruit flies in the fruit ripening stage bite fruit eggs, chlorantranobium benzamide, permethrin agents can be used;

(3) While spraying daily, we should also pay attention to the insecticidal work on the soil surface, and can use 5% avermectin 2500 times liquid + 48% chlorpyrifos 1000 times liquid + Jiamei dividend 1000 times liquid to irrigate the roots 1-2 times to seal the pupae;

(4) Some physical yellow insect trap plates, insect trap lamps, sexual attractants and other ways are used to kill some adult insects. Bagging early.

bibliography:

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