Hello everyone, welcome to "Huang Kun Says Xi'an", I am Huang Kun, and the next thing I want to tell you is DamaiShi Street in Xi'an City.
DamaiShi Street on the north side of the west section of Xi'an City is a small street, which was once a famous Hui snack street in Xi'an. DamaiShi Street is not long, it starts from West Avenue in the south and ends at the west entrance of Miaohou Street in the north, although it is only 391 meters long in total, but the history of this street can be traced back to the Sui and Tang Dynasties more than a thousand years ago.
Qiaozikou Damai City (West Street Damai City Exit)
During the Sui Dynasty, when Yuwen Kai designed and supervised the construction of daxingcheng, the capital of the Sui Dynasty, for Yang Jian, the founding emperor of the Sui Dynasty, after the fall of the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty renamed the Sui Dynasty capital Daxing City to Chang'an City, and the city can basically be said to have followed the previous streets. The ruins of the Secretarial Province during the Tang Dynasty are located east of the current Qiaozikou Road and south of West Avenue. It can be said that before the Tang Dynasty Han Jian shrunk the new city, the current Qiaozikou Street was the passage between the Secretary Province and the Palace City and the Hanguangmen City Wall, which was equivalent to the current Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the State Guest House, and if the Chengtianmen Avenue - Zhuquemen Street at that time was the street where the royal and government held key ceremonies, then the current Tianshuijing Street - Qiaozikou - Damai City Shangjin Bridge Line Of the year was equivalent to a welcome road for receiving foreign businessmen and missions. Now from West Avenue along DamaiShi Street all the way north through the Golden Bridge, Northwest Third Road can go out of the city from the small north gate.
If you pass through the Northwest Third Road, Shangjin Bridge, DamaiShi Street, Qiaozikou and Tianshuijing Street from the small north gate, you can also go out of the light gate from the north of the city to the south of the city.
In the Tang Dynasty (also possibly the Sui Dynasty), the current DamaiShi Street has appeared, but at that time, because it is facing the Hanguang Gate on the city wall, the whole street to the south all the way to the Hanguang Gate is called Hanguangmen Street, at that time the street was lined with government agencies and army garrisons, the east side of the street was the Sinong Temple and the Right Xiaowei, the west side of the street was the Shangshe Bureau and the General Supervisor, and walking through this street to the end was the Yeting Palace on the west side of the Miyagi Taiji Palace in Chang'an City of the Tang Dynasty.
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the current DamaiShi Street belonged to a section of Hanguangmen Avenue in the Imperial City of Chang'an City. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, when Zhu Wen took Tang Zhaozong hostage and moved the capital to Luoyang, he demolished Chang'an City and transported all the wood, bricks, bricks and other building materials that could be used to Luoyang, and the place became a ruin.
Later, Han Jian built a new city on the basis of the Sui and Tang Dynasties Chang'an Imperial City, and in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Han Jian's new city was built, and the original Hanguangmen Avenue gradually moved in. At that time, on the north side of DamaiShi Street, there was a large iron incense burner for sacrifice, which was preserved when Emperor Wen of Sui built Daxing City, and for this reason, it was once called Iron Furnace Street.
During the Yuan Dynasty, the location of DamaiShi Street on the "Map of Fengyuan City" is marked as Youde Fang, with the old Lianfang Division in the east and the Yuqing Palace in the west.
During the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, the newly excavated Tongji Canal flowed into the city from the west gate and passed through the south entrance of DamaiShi Street on West Avenue, and one of the branches flowed from the western section of West Avenue to the north from the current DamaiShi Street to the Lotus Pond in Lianhu Park. At that time, there was a small bridge at the intersection of West Avenue and Damai City, saying that the bridge can be said to be not a bridge, only two logs were erected on the Tongji Canal, so it was gradually called Qiaozikou, and later it was not known how many years it was written as Qiaozikou, and it was also bounded by West Avenue, divided into south and north bridges.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the North Bridge Zikou was renamed DamaiShi Street, and the South Bridge Zikou was gradually shortened to Qiaozikou.
For a period of time, the title of Beiqiao Zikou and Damaikou existed at the same time, and some people said that Damai City was located in Beiqiao Zikou.
During the Qing Dynasty, for a long time, the title of Beiqiao Zikou and Damaikou existed at the same time, and some people said: Beiqiao Zikou is to the south, and Damaikou is north. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Damaikou was changed to Damai City.
In the Republic of China period, this section of the street from West Avenue in the south to Miaohou Street in the north was uniformly called DamaiShi Street.
By the time of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, DamaiShi Street had been renamed Qianwei Road, and in 1972 it was restored to DamaiShi Street.
By the 1980s and 1990s, it was a place where halal-style snacks were concentrated.
There are two different theories about how the name damai city came from, but the jury is still out:
The first theory is that during the Qing Dynasty, on the north side of Miaohou Street, there was a granary called Yongfengcang, referred to as Xicang, and the Xicang Gate opened south on the current Miaohou Street, which was the largest public granary in the province at that time, storing grain collected from all over the province. At that time, the government collected grain in a good year, and in the event of a disaster year, it sold grain to the people at a low price to stabilize the price of grain. Since the grain from all over the province was gathered at Yongfengcang at that time, at that time, Xi'an City only had four gates in the southeast, south, and northwest, and in addition to the north gate, the grain trucks that came in from the other three city gates had to go to Damaishi Street. Moreover, since the Qing Dynasty built Mancheng in Xi'an City, the East Street was wrapped in the middle of mancheng, and more than half of the North Street was occupied by the west wall of Mancheng, so later to enter and exit the West Warehouse, either take the south gate or the west gate, no matter how to go, Damai City Street has become the only way.
I don't know when it began, but due to the proximity to the granary, many privately run grain shops have gradually opened on both sides of the street of Damai City, so some people say that this street used to be a place to buy and sell barley. However, wheat is commonly grown in the Guanzhong region, and barley is rarely grown. As an important granary in the province, almost all the grain stored in The Yongfeng Warehouse and operated by the surrounding shops is wheat, and it is strange to name this street after the 'Barley Market'. ”
My personal analysis: If there really was a barley market here in the past, there is only one possibility, that is, the barley market began to have only a few barley trading, and it was not until the opening day that barley was traded, and later developed into a climate, the barley market opened every day, and when the market opened, the whole street was traded around barley.
Regarding the origin of "Damai City Street", there is also a theory that it is derived from "transliteration". It is said that when Guo Ziyi returned to Chang'an City with meritorious soldiers from Hexi after the Rebellion of Anshi, the army was stationed in the area from DamaiShi Street to Daxue Lane, many of those people were Muslims, and by the Qing Dynasty or even the Republic of China period, there should be a military camp on the east side of DamaiShi Street, because there was also a Yingli Temple on the east side of the current DamaiShi Street, which was built to facilitate the Hui soldiers in the army at that time to pray, so it was called "Yingli Temple". It is said that at that time, the yingli temple was very grand, and the door leaf of the gate was high and large, so it was commonly known as the main gate temple, and over time, the word "Daimon Temple Street" was gradually read as "DamaiShi Street".
After the Opium War, the Eight-Nation Alliance army entered the city of Beijing, Empress Dowager Cixi came to Xi'an with the Guangxu Emperor and the Manchu Dynasty's ministers of culture and military affairs, in order to raise reparations to the great powers of various countries, the Qing government opened an official salt shop on Yandian Street (Liangjia Archway) on the south side of West Avenue, and later big salt merchants and silver money houses around the world opened there, and for a time Yandian Street (Liangjia Archway) became the "Wall Street" of the East in the eyes of later people, and once became the financial center of China, DamaiShi Street because of its proximity to Xingyandian Street (Liangjia Archway), Just one street away has also flourished for a while.
DamaiShi Street impressed the old Xi'an most, and the snacks were among them. Now walk into DamaiShi Street, you will immediately be attracted by a variety of snack stalls and shops on both sides of the street, beef and mutton steamed buns, meat sandwich buns, eight treasure porridge, paste spicy soup, etc., a variety of snack shops one by one, making people dizzy. Every time it is close to the New Year, the shops selling beef and mutton are more and more popular, and there are long queues in front of almost every house.
The food tradition of DamaiShiJie also has to start from the "TianxiLou" located at the west entrance of Damaishi Street and West Avenue at the intersection of DamaiShi Street and West Avenue in the late Qing Dynasty. Originally named Tianxiyong, Tianxilou was founded by the Hui Ma brothers who lived in Xiyang during the Qing Dynasty. It is said that Tianxiyong was the earliest restaurant to deal in beef and mutton steamed buns, in addition to beef and mutton steamed buns, Tianxiyong also operated a variety of stir-fry dishes, and was one of the top two high-end restaurants in Xi'an from the Qing Dynasty until the Republic of China. In 1900, when the Eight-Nation Alliance entered the city of Beijing, cixi fled to Xi'an, tasted halal dishes in Tianxiyong, and also inscribed a plaque for his home, changing "Tianxiyong" to "Tianxilou". During the Republic of China period, Tianxilou also received Yang Hucheng, Zhang Fengyi, Ma Hongkui and others, and it is said that later his family's signboard was inscribed by Mr. Yu Youren.
DamaiShi Street north of Qiaozikou does not know when it began to be a food street, perhaps it should be traced back to the Ming Dynasty Zuo Bu envoy Xu Zi moved the Shaanxi Gongyuan to the Gongyuan Gate on the north side of the West Street, and the candidates in the northwest region had to go to the Shaanxi Gongyuan to take the imperial examination, and there were thousands or even tens of thousands of candidates who took the imperial examination, and the Damai City Street was only separated from the Shaanxi Gongyuan by an intersection. Candidates and accompanying candidates who cannot be accommodated near the Gongyuan Gate will naturally go to the neighboring DamaiShi Street to find a place to eat and stay. So I deduce that at least after the Ming Dynasty in 1425, some people in DamaiShi Street began to eat and open inns, because the workers who built the tribute courtyard also needed to eat!
After liberation, DamaiShi Street successively opened some snack shops around the "Tianxi Building".
Mentioning the Qiaozikou in the 1950s and 1960s, that is, the south exit of DamaiShi Street, people living nearby can still think of the oil-splashed noodles of Miao Lao'er on West Avenue in the northeast corner of the Qiaozikou facing south. People who have eaten will recall saying, "Miao Lao'er's oily noodles, eating grin and wanting to lick the bowl!" ”
In the past, the old people who lived nearby would say to people whenever they mentioned Miao Lao'er's oil noodles to people, "Small bowls are two or two, and the food stamps are nine cents; the big bowls are three or two, and the food stamps are one dime and one cent." ”
"In the 1950s, Zhao Shoushan, the governor of Ganlu Lane in Qiaozikou at that time, loved to eat Miao Lao'er's oil-soaked noodles."
Like the cannabis wontons on the east side of the west street entrance of Damai City, as well as the Miao Lao Er oil noodles that have been eaten and want to add to the bowl, they have been extremely popular, and now how many people still feel endlessly aftertaste.
After the reform and opening up, many self-employed people operating snacks appeared in DamaiShi Street, which gradually formed the characteristics of the Hui food street here.
Later, under the promotion of the government, Damai Shijie built a "Damai City Muslim Food Street", and the special snacks of Damai Shijie ushered in a golden period.
I can still remember the early nineties, when I was a child, I went to DamaiShi Street with my family for the first time, and there was an arch with Hui characteristics before the transformation of West Avenue, two columns on both sides of the round arch, and there were halal characters between the columns on both sides, and there were several large characters on the Muslim Food Street in Damai City on the top of the round arch, and there was a decoration modeled on the style of the mosque dome on the top of the round arch, and there was a shining column on the top of the dome decoration with Arabic characters that only Muslims knew.
To the east of the round arch is a shop selling beef and mutton, and further east is the cannabis wonton, because the cannabis wonton is a lot norther than the east side of the house, so the south-facing façade of his house becomes the northeast corner of the bridge.
Cannabis wonton is a well-known late-night canteen, open all night 24 hours, the owner of the shop surname Zhang, Henan people, there are hemp on the face, so called cannabis wonton well, his family's chicken silk wonton that is a must!
Listen to the old man say start "a dime a bowl!" Rise to a dime and a bowl! And then it became a dime and a six- ”。
After the 1990s, the West Avenue area began to be renovated.
It feels like it is almost twenty years, Damai City Street from the West Avenue Bridge Zikou to the small learning lane between the demolition and transformation is relatively wide, to the north of the walking surface is relatively narrow. It is also because of the demolition and transformation that the popularity and fame of DamaiShi Street have been far inferior to the Beiyuanmen Pedestrian Street behind the Drum Tower in the past twenty years.
Many old Xi'an still remember that more than ten years, or even more than twenty years ago, when the North Courtyard Gate was still a street of calligraphy and painting, DamaiShi Street was already a famous snack street in Xi'an.
After the transformation of West Avenue in the 1990s, especially after the rise of the North Courtyard Gate Muslim Food Street behind the Drum Tower, many tour guides thought that behind the Drum Tower was the "Muslim Street" of Xi'an, so tourists from all over the world from all over the world came to Xi'an, from the Meilun Hotel to get off the airport bus or from the railway station to the West Street directly to the North Courtyard Gate, Damai City Street plus demolition and transformation, the popularity is obviously not as good as before. Even if it is not as good as before, every Spring Festival, ma writers and Tie Zhiming's family buy bacon have to line up in a long line.
As early as half a century ago, the long-established Xinhua Sweet Shop in Halal was a family of Muslim sweets that operated Muslim sweets. In April 2015, after years of demolition at the south entrance of DamaiShi Street, the old Xinhua Sweet Shop also moved back to the original old place and reopened!
The headline article published by Sanqin Metropolis Daily on June 10, 2016, "Are these old office buildings and houses in Xi'an cultural relics around you?" It is mentioned that the main family of no. 38 courtyard of DamaiShi Street was once a large household in the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China period on DamaiShi Street, and the previous owner's surname was Ding.
The compound of No. 38 Damai City Street, not far from the bridge Zikou Cross, walk north for a few minutes and you can see it on the west side of the road. That compound belongs to the first completed project of the traditional residential protection project in Xi'an, divided into two courtyards, with 51 rooms, covering an area of 888.72 square meters, with a total construction area of 1053.32 square meters, which is a building in the middle of the Republic of China and was once a trading house during the Republic of China period.
Later it became the station of the traffic police squadron.
Inside the gatehouse of the Ding family, there are two rows of boxes in the west and north of the street house, each with 4 to 5 rooms, and two rooms in the south have been transformed into men's and women's toilets. At the end of the wing is a two-story hall building,
Yard in the middle, green brick paving. Behind the corridor of the hallway is the backyard, which is surrounded by neat two-story buildings, connected by wooden corridors, forming a cloister on the upper floor, and there is a staircase in the northwest corner of the courtyard that leads to the upper floor.
The courtyard on the south side of the Ding family's former old house, which was specially used to receive guests, is called the "official hall"; in the middle is the "main courtyard" of the owner's daily life; the north courtyard is the place where the owner leisurely raises flowers, called the "flower hall".
In the past, the main courtyard of the Ding family went from the eastern gate to the westernmost backyard, with a total of five entrances. The street is five large rooms, a door is opened on the north side of the street house, and the front yard is entered, and the hall room is facing it, on which the plaque of the "Patience Hall" was originally hung.
From the main courtyard hall to the second courtyard, behind the second gate building is the third courtyard, and then a row of hall rooms, the back is the fourth courtyard, the fourth into the courtyard behind the building, the fifth into the courtyard and a back garden. The north and south sides of the main courtyard are connected by small gates and two courtyards, south and north.
It is said that during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Ding Dianjia, the grandfather of the Ding family (five generations ago), moved from Sangpo, Henan to Xi'an, and once served as a city tower pipe belt for the west gate of Xi'an City in the Qing Dynasty.
It is said that when the Ding family moved in, there were only a few old houses. Later, with the expansion of the family's strength, the Ding family successively built a large mansion composed of the north courtyard, the main courtyard and the south courtyard, and the grandeur was rare in the whole Huifang.
In 2007, the Xi'an Municipal Government carried out a repair to the entire courtyard, due to the surrounding environmental restrictions, the entire compound could not be fully restored, and now the old houses that everyone can see are the early liberation, the Ding family sold to the south courtyard of a trading company, and later the trading company transferred the current No. 38 courtyard to the Municipal Public Security Bureau Guest House. Immediately adjacent to the No. 38 compound is the Ding family's later new-style building. The Ding family settled in Damaishi Street during the Qianlong period, and no one could have imagined that it would leave the Ding family's south courtyard, which was later preserved intact. The once brilliant Ding family can be seen from this remote courtyard, because the No. 38 courtyard was originally just a partial courtyard of the "Ding family compound".
In fact, in the past, in addition to the Ding family, there were four large households in Damai City Street: the Lan family, the Gu family, and the Zhao family. As mentioned earlier, the Ding family, some people became officials, and some people did business, generations of books and incense, and later developed a lot of shops; the Gu family opened hotels and shops; the Zhao family opened a leather shop; the Lan family used to open a private school that was definitely a cultural person. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, in addition to the four large households, there was also a Yang family, which was moved from Xiangmiyuan to be famous for the "Foot Gang" engaged in freight business. ("Foot gang" is the name of the porters in the early years of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, there are many people in Xi'an around 2000 who rely on human tricycles to pull people to pull goods, generally used to call pulling feet or pedaling feet, such as last year's CCTV hit TV series "Loading Stage", Diao Shunzi and his gang of loading platform brothers, riding tricycles to pull things for others, in the past Xi'an people were called pulling feet or pedaling feet. If you change it to the popular saying now, the Yang family in DamaiShi Street is professional in logistics. Until the beginning of the liberation period, before the public-private partnership, DamaiShi Street also had many inns, warehouses and carriage and horse shops, which were specially used to provide rest and accommodation for foreign freight teams. At that time, damaishi street often had mule and horse teams, camel teams from the northwest region, and yak teams from Tibet. In the past, the traffic was not developed, the automobile industry was just starting, in some remote areas, freight mainly relied on livestock, and many of the freight teams that came to Xi'an were resting in Damai City Street.
Many people may not think that during the Republic of China period, there was also a Zhouzhi Guild Hall on DamaiShi Street.
As I mentioned in the previous "Streets in Xi'an City - Miaohou Street", in the article "Xi'an Guild Hall in the Republic of China Period", Mr. Dong Lijie, the son of Dong Ruizi, the former director of the board of directors of Zhou Zhi Guild Hall, once said: "(Formerly) Zhou Zhi Guild Hall is a cooperative organization for the villagers to help each other, and it is also the second hometown of the Zhou Zhi Township Party.
Initially, zhouzhi guild hall was funded by the Zhouzhi Township Party, but later could not make ends meet, and purchased a property at 106-107 DamaiShi Street, which was called "Ten Courtyards", and later, Zhouzhi Guild Hall was maintained by opening hotels and rental houses with ten courtyards.
Many old residents do not have much memory of the former Zhouzhi Guild Hall because this guild hall is not as provincial-level as the Huguang Guild Hall and the Zhongzhou Guild Hall, and there is no conspicuous sign sign, and in the 40s and 50s, this guild hall has lost its early function like other guild halls across the country, and eventually looks more like an ordinary house, so there are not many elderly people nearby who can remember.
Well, I will say this about Damai City Street, for Damai City Street, if you still have what needs to be added, or what places you think there are still I haven't said in place, welcome to leave a message in the comment area to me!
I am Huang Kun, a native of Xi'an, "Huang Kun Says Xi'an" is about my personal understanding and understanding of Xi'an, as a Xi'an person born in Xi'an, I plan to take "Huang Kun Says Xi'an" as the theme, through video and graphics to introduce the history of Culture and people's lives in all aspects of Xi'an, hoping to let more people understand Xi'an through their own efforts, more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of Xi'an!
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