Page 1 About the Author
Lao She, formerly known as Shu Qingchun, is a novelist and playwright. In his youth, he changed his name to Shu Sheyu, and "Lao She" was his long-used pen name. Lao She was born on February 3, 1899 in Beijing, and is a Manchu. Since childhood, he has been hardworking and has a strong personality. In 1918, he graduated with honors from beijing normal school. From 1924 to 1929, Lao She was hired by the Oriental College of the University of London to teach Mandarin, and began to create literature. "Lao Zhang's Philosophy" and "Zhao Ziyue" were all completed in Britain.
After returning to China, he resigned from his teaching position in 1936 to specialize in creation. The next six or seven years were the peak of his work. Masterpieces such as "Cat City Chronicles", "Camel Shoko", and "My Life" came out in this period. In 1946, Lao She was invited to the United States to give a lecture, and in the United States, he completed the novel "Four Generations Together". Lao She's theatrical creation began at the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japan. During this period, he created multi-act dramas such as "Residual Fog", "Zhang Zizhong", and "Return to Xi", which were well received by the people.
After the founding of New China, he successively created drama scripts such as "Fang Pearl", "Longsugou", "Chunhua Qiushi", and "Tea House". In the new historical period, his plays have become more mature and perfect, especially the two plays "Longsugou" and "Tea House" have become exemplary works in the creation of new Chinese dramas.
With its profound ideological content and exquisite artistic skills, Lao She's works have not only been loved by Chinese people, but also won a wide international reputation. In the "ten years of catastrophe", Lao She could not bear the humiliation of the "Gang of Four" and committed suicide by throwing himself into the water on The Taiping Lake in Beijing on August 24, 1966.
Page 2 Reader's Comments
1. "Lao Zhang's Philosophy" is a starting point for the formation of Lao She's unique artistic personality. Lao She's humor has its own characteristics, the humor in his works always carries a tragic color that is difficult to hide or thick or light, or hidden or present, his humor is humor that makes people laugh, there is bitter humor hidden in the smile, it is the humor that arouses people's sympathy, and it is humor with rich language skills. The book focuses on the criticism of Lao Zhang, who believes in the "money-based and trinity" philosophy of the city servants, focuses on different aspects of the life of small citizens, and reveals the serious erosion of feudal traditional moral concepts on the people.
2, the writers of that era were really writing with their hearts. Vivid characters, playful dialogues, immersive life scenes, small and exquisite landscape depictions, and interspersed with the background of the times and historical details... Officials, commoners, elders, young children, the language of the countryside and the empty official dialect are appropriately in place. No matter which part, when separated, it is a complete and rich narrative.
3. There are many evil people in the world, and there are many fools who are confused and aided and abused. The last chapter is really good, the ending does not change because of who died and who escaped, the social environment is so, how can the individual resist the established fate.
Page 3 Background of writing
"Lao Zhang's Philosophy" is a starting point for the formation of Lao She's unique artistic personality, depicting the lives and ideological feelings of citizens from all walks of life in Beijing after that. It takes the author's hometown of Beijing as the background, takes Lao Zhang's plot of grabbing money for himself and does not hesitate to take bad measures to break up the two lovers of Li Ying and Wang De as the main line, and concentrates on criticizing Lao Zhang, who believes in the "money-based and trinity" philosophy of the city servants, focusing on different aspects of the life of small citizens, and revealing the serious erosion of the traditional feudal moral concepts on the people.
Everyone has their own set of philosophies, Lao Zhang's philosophy is money-based thinking, no matter what, they can't suffer losses!
He worked as a private school teacher in order to cheat students out of money;
He worked as an errand boy in order to receive more money;
He and Sun Baye are good, that is also the money that cheated him;
He married a cheap wife, and he saved money every day, and that was also for money;
So much so that he later lent usurious loans and forced officer Long and the daughter of the Li family to pay off their debts, all for money! Yes, this is Lao Zhang's philosophy, he has no other crooked thoughts, he has always adhered to his own philosophical theory, but his philosophy has inadvertently changed others!
Taking Lao Zhang's money-based thinking as a clue, we see a lot of old Beiping... Lao Zhang's private school is only a lie, the teacher to the principal are all him, the learning is still the Four Books and Five Classics, even eating and drinking can be squeezed from the students! There is an old Zhang in Beijing, is there no second? That inspector was just a blind pig fattened with wine and vegetables, and he couldn't see the suffering of the students!
Then later the Salvation Army appeared, giving the people a glimmer of hope, but Lao Zhang saw a new way of money, and Sun Baren and other people came to the Salvation Army to stir up, the Salvation Army finally existed in name only, and did not do anything practical at all!
There have been two pairs of lovers in the story who have a fierce love, but under the interference of Lao Zhang's philosophical thoughts, they cannot go together. Not only that, Li Ying's cowardice as a man, Li Jing's stupidity as a woman, or loyalty? It's all angry and pitiful! Sun Ba is not a bad person, just a fool, his thoughts are completely manipulated by Lao Zhang, and he can do whatever he wants! As an old man, Sun Shoubei was so enlightened that he later changed the pattern of everything.
The change of this pattern, Lao Zhang's philosophy has failed, but the philosophy of the Li family and the Wang family is still at work, and everything in the end ends in tragedy...
lamentable......
In addition to lamenting the content of the story, I really admire Lao She's writing skills, the portrayal of characters, and the description of layers of relationships, and more importantly, the life of old Beijing at that time, so thoroughly written!
Page 4 Summary of contents
Liu Zhenyun told a story that in the era of disaster and famine, he fled the famine. road. On, Lao Zhang is dead. Before Lao Zhang died, he did not think of his wife and daughters, did not think of Chiang Kai-shek, nor did he think of Japanese devils, he only thought of Lao Li. The reason is that Old Li died three days ago.
"I've lived three more days than Old Li, and it's worth it." This is the last sentence that Lao Zhang left to the world. Many people in this world live in Lao Zhang's philosophy. In distant places, there are big things, and they have nothing to do with themselves. What they care about the most is the people around them. Because, the people around you, there are their own sufferings and happiness.
There is an old woman whose daughter is in Beijing, and every year she has to go to her daughter's house, as little as ten days, as much as a few months. Every time she came back from her daughter's house, the first thing she had to do was to go to another old woman's house to visit the door. Then, talk about the streets, shopping malls, and all kinds of people and things in Beijing. The reason why she talked about this was because this old woman's son was an official in the county, and he would always bring back a lot of things in big bags, and she didn't have such a son.
Every time she came back and finished talking about what she should have said, she suddenly felt a sense of harmony and happiness. Because, finally, in this matter, the gap was leveled. Later, the old woman who listened to the story had a stroke and was paralyzed, and she did not ask about the dust. She rarely went to her daughter's house in Beijing anymore, and perhaps in her opinion, this journey was meaningless.
A tech company where a friend works has to go to a few people at the end of each year. The reason is the bonus. The money will also leave, is the bonus less? The friend shook his head. Friends say that it is not because they have less money, but because they have less money than others. Some people, who got more than 200,000 bonuses, finally left. One question, only one or two thousand less than others.
Some people advise, forget it, isn't it less money, why bother? The people who listened to it looked indignant, and said, can this be calculated casually, nominally more money and less money, in fact, there are cats here, a small difference in the bonus, but the leader there is a big river! Many people should not have left, and as a result, they were confused after jumping jobs. In this regard, friends are not without emotion: it is not good to be too much in others, because others have nothing less, and you will lose a lot.
There is a couple in the countryside who love to take advantage of the little ones. When the crops are ripe, I always like to be in someone else's field, or break a stick, or pick a few beans. All in all, it feels very happy. The people in the township all knew the virtues of the couple and didn't bother to take care of them. Unexpectedly, one day, the wife was angry to death. How can a person who loves to take advantage of him be angry? It turned out that in the field of her family, a big melon had been lost.
He stole a lifetime, but he was stolen and killed. It seems that in this life, if you tie everything to others, it will not feel good. Because, where others have their own happiness and their own pain, it is a happy field and a burial ground.
Page 5 Quotes
1. The first time Lao Zhang left a deep impression on us was when he greeted the academic adult. Usually, the courtyard is chaotic, but when the academic adults come, they "prepare a pot of tea", "collect all the old books", "sweep the apricot leaves", "wipe their faces", "buy ice"... There is a saying that is very humble, but very useful: in the summer, when you meet the ceremony, putting a piece of ice is the refrigerator. The most important words are "meet the canon".
2, flattery is also for money. Lao Zhang himself thought so: "The newspaper has gone!" 'White Tiger Platform', old textbook, bonus thirty pieces flew! The official document came down, 'All methods, contrary to the rules, will be suspended!' The students were all gone, one hundred and four plus thirty, one hundred and seventeen flew! This is also a post-Bongying hypothesis. What if he doesn't? Isn't that really all-flying? In the end, Lao Zhang is still anxious about money!
3, didn't you tell you that the world is such a mess? The snail bears a bulky hard shell, and it bears! Silly elephant (actually not stupid in the heart) with long, thick teeth, inserted! People carry the sinking old society, carry!
4. The academic staff is about 45 or 6 years old. A black and yellow face with two glass balls of white and black. A mid-peaked eagle nose with some dry yellow tassels hanging under its nose covered its mouth. He wears an old gray official gauze robe, and a pair of Western-style pants made of Henan silk underneath, with the hem of the pants. A pair of short-barreled semi-new foreign leather shoes under the feet, revealing socks made by the local blue city cloth family. At first glance, people feel that some light is out of tune, and they are more accustomed to looking more "old and new", "allowing to hold on to the middle". Or it can be said that it is the precursor to the reconciliation of Eastern and Western cultures.
(To be continued)
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