Meta knot portrait
In the past, the years were peaceful, and the mountains and forests were twenty years.
The spring source is in the courtyard, and the cave is in front of the door.
The well tax has a permanent period, and the sun is still sleeping.
Suddenly, the world changed, and he was a few years old.
Today, in Diansi County, the mountains are full of mountains.
The thieves of the city do not slaughter, and the people are poor and pitiful.
It is a trap in the border, and this state is unique.
It is better for an envoy to hand over the king's orders than a thief.
Those who are now expropriated are forced to fry like fire.
Who can kill a man to be a sage of the times?
Thoughts are committed to the knot, and the rod is stabbed by the boat.
The home will be fish and wheat, and return to the old rivers and lakes.
- Tang Yuanjie, "The Thief Withdraws from the Official"
From mountain hermit to Daozhou thorn history
In 763, the Anshi Rebellion ended, and the Tang Dynasty was in disarray. The great poet Yuan Jie, who had just returned to hermitage, received a document: the imperial court appointed him as the Assassin of Daozhou.
Daozhou (present-day Daoxian County, Hunan) was far away from the southern barbarian frontier at that time, and during the great chaos in the Central Plains a few years ago, it was not peaceful here, and ethnic minorities such as "Xidongyi" and "Xiyuan Man" revolted one after another, and no two brushes could not hold the stage at all. And the meta knot is the one who has two brushes. During the Anshi Rebellion, he recruited 5,000 rebels in his hometown of Henan to resist the attack of Shi Siming's troops, preserving fifteen cities and refreshing people's understanding of him.
But he had no interest in being an official, and it was an ancestral Taoist hermitage. His father, Yuan Yanzu, once served as a county magistrate (roughly equivalent to the deputy county magistrate of Ningyuan County) under Daozhou, and soon he took up his burden and lived a secluded life, living in seclusion in Lushan, saying that "life is full of food and clothing, it is not appropriate to be hungry, it is not appropriate to have needs" - enough to eat and wear warm, nothing else. After the Yuan Jie made meritorious contributions to the War of Resistance, he once acted as an envoy of Jingnan Jiedushi, and he can also be regarded as a prince of one side. Like his father, he worked for less than a year, saying that he would take care of his sick mother, resigned his official post, and lived in seclusion in Wuhan.
At that time, although the overall situation had been decided, the world was still not at peace. Yuan Jie remembered his father's teachings in his early years: "And Cao Feng has many deaths, he must not go from the mountains and forests, and there is no near humiliation" - as long as the country has needs, it is a great righteousness to stand up at any time. Therefore, Yuan Jie, who had received the edict, went out of the mountain again and went south to take up his post.
Went to the history of The Assassination of Daozhou
Official or thief?!
Daozhou is an important town in shonan province, which has just experienced many years of war turmoil, ethnic contradictions are still very sharp, and thieves continue to plunder. After Yuan Jie took office, he quickly calmed down the field. In 764, the Xiyuan barbarians in Guangxi attacked Yongzhou and passed by Daozhou, but did not invade Daozhou. Yuan Jie joked that it was because Daozhou was too poor, and the thief Kou did not care to rob it. Certainly not because of poverty. A few years later, ethnic minorities in Rongzhou(present-day Yulin, Guangxi) were in trouble, and most of the prefectures and counties were captured. The imperial court sent Yuan Jie to his post, he went deep into Yaoshan to negotiate with the leader of the uprising, XiaoZhi moved with reason, and in just two months he recovered 8 states, showing that the way of culture and martial arts of Yuan Jie's an state was indeed unusual.
At that time, the population of Daozhou had been reduced from 40,000 to 4,000, and the countryside was desolate, and the city was depressed and devastated. In the face of this mess, Yuan Jie slowly drew a huge question mark in his mind: The soldiers of the world must be solved, the cangsheng must be benevolent, and its strategy is out? Before he could think of how to govern, only 50 days after taking office, he received more than 200 documents from N departments at higher levels: those who asked for money, those who wanted grain, and those who wanted to requisition the people for military service... Yuan Jie was angry: "Why not expel them again and not make them survive?" "Wouldn't it be better for an envoy to hand over the king's orders than a thief?!" He indignantly wrote two long poems, "Gangling Xing" and "Thief Retiring officials", attacking those bureaucrats who did not care about the people's death or death to collect taxes, ostensibly to complete the above tasks, but in fact put the people on the fire to suffer, even the robbers!
So he reported to the emperor that Daozhou had been plundered by thieves, that the grain reserves, houses, and houses were about to burn down, and that the people of Li and the cattle, horses, and livestock were running out. Now the people's lives are difficult, there are many bandits around, there are more than 40 border villages that need to be guarded, otherwise if the bandits come in, Hunan will be in chaos. Therefore, the request is to exempt the state from taxes this year. The literary talent of the Yuan Dynasty poet was indeed successful, and a report persuaded the emperor to exempt him from the taxes of that year. The next year, the tax collector came again, and Yuan Jie bargained again, and won a tax reduction for the people of Daozhou.
Of course, Yuan Jie knows that the amount of local taxes is directly linked to the income of local officials, and there is nothing wrong with collecting them according to routine, and it can also be exploited and exploited in a fair and upright manner, and the oil and water can be fished out. But he clearly stated his attitude in the preface to the "Lingling Xing": as a local magistrate, he was ordered to oppress the people and bring down the local people, and it was also guilty to disobey orders, and I would rather this official be improper, "quietly calming the people, and treating the sin." He was concerned about the well-being of the people of Li, risked "sin to the point of debasement", spared the people from forced labor, divided the land and built houses for the people, and invited more than 10,000 people in exile to return to their hometowns and resume normal production and life, which embodied a politician's sense of social responsibility and spirit of responsibility.
During Yuan Jie's tenure as Daozhou Assassin, he wrote a "Record of the Wall of the Daozhou Thorn History Hall" and set it up in the official office, always introspecting himself as a self-disciplined official to be "literate and martial talented", "clean and honest", "Minghui and Gongzhi", "Pension the poor and weak", and "abide by the laws and regulations". He served as an assassin for two terms before and after Daozhou, and for six years he guarded the land and loved the people, worked diligently for the people, and restored the people's normal life of living and working in peace and contentment, and the taxation also returned to normal. After leaving office, the locals erected a monument and built a shrine for him, and thanked him for Daide.
Later, du Fu, the "poet saint", read Yuan Jie's two poems, "Lingxing Xing" and "Thief Retiring officials", and wrote the poem "Tongyuan Envoy Jun lingxing" with emotion, saying: "Daozhou is worried about Li Shu, and the words are full of words. Two chapters on the autumn moon, a word is a star. "Highly praise the Yuan Jie poem as its people, love the people, righteousness and grandeur, can shine with the sun and the moon!" He also praised in the preface of the poem: "The place where the heavens and the earth are divided, following the eyes of the good officials of the Han Dynasty, now the thieves are not resting, they know the people's sufferings, they have to marry a number of princes, and they have fallen into the wrong world as a bangber, and all things breathe out, and the world is less safe." "If the Tang Dynasty comes back to N Yuan knots, this world can be eliminated a lot."
Meta-concluded title "Wuwei Cave" seal word rubbing
When the order to nine doubts for the South Yue?!
In the Tang Dynasty, the Jiuling Mountain in Daozhou was the place where Emperor Shun returned to heaven and his mausoleum, and Emperor Shun was a saint who was jointly revered by Confucians and Taoists. In the Daozhou Thorn History, jiuling mountain is naturally a place where the yuan knot must punch the clock.
Successive emperors often ordered local officials in Daozhou to sacrifice Emperor Shun on their behalf, but because the Shun Temple of Jiuling Mountain was in the deep mountains, most of them were remote operations, "laying down the wilderness, and honoring orders". Yuan Jie was a serious man, and in the first year of Yongtai (765), he made a special trip to Jiuling Mountain to report to Emperor Shun, but he did not find it. He said in the "Shun Temple": "According to the map on the right, ShunLing is in the Mountain of Nine Doubts, and Shun Temple is in the Creek of The Great Yang." Shunling's ancient times have been lost, and Dayang Creek is nowhere to be found. ”
At that time, Emperor Shun's moral thought was a powerful ideological weapon for educating and guiding the people, and this place of worship was necessary to unite people's hearts and stabilize society. So Yuan Jie made a bold decision to build a Shun Ancestral Hall outside the city of Daozhou, the legendary "Shunnan Patrol Stop" (after the Zhuangyuan Mountain in the county seat of present-day Daoxian County). After the construction of the Shun Ancestral Hall, Yuan Jie applied to the imperial court for a tax exemption as the official cost of the Shun festival.
Later, some people analyzed that the so-called inability to find the Shun Temple of the Nine Ridges Mountain was just an excuse for Yuan Jie to relocate and build the Shun Temple in order to facilitate the sacrifice of the people. Because since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Shun Emperor's Mausoleum Temple has been unified, just next to the Yuzhen Rock of jiuling Mountain; and a few hundred meters away from the Yuzhen Rock, Yuan Jie has also inscribed three large seals on the cave with three large characters of "Wuwei Cave" and composed two poems: "Wuwei Cave mouth is full of spring water, Wuwei Cave is full of spring clouds." Love this hesitation can not go, people regret being a clothed guest. The monks of Dong ping mountain all learn Zen, and they have no desires, no desires, and no years. If I want to ask his heart, I will not be bored when I go to the mountains. ("Wuwei Cave Mouth") "The Nine Doubts Mountain is thousands of miles deep, and the peaks and valleys are rugged and people. There used to be a fairy house in the mountains, and ten miles of flying springs surrounded Danzao. Now there are three or four Daoist monks, and Ru Zhi refines jade to learn lightly. The neon feather cover is leaning towards the valley, and the fluttering seems to be coming to the cloud crane. ("The View of Nothing")
This Wuwei Cave is said to be the stone chamber of He Hou Liandan, who was incarnated as an immortal during the Yao Shun period; in the han Dynasty, twelve jade flutes given to Emperor Shun by the Queen Mother of the West were found in the stone chamber, so they were renamed Yuzhenyan; the Yuan Jie also changed the name to "Wuwei Cave", sending the Taoist ideal of "no desire" and "no action". Yuanjie left the earliest stone carvings of Jiuling Mountain, after thousands of years of development, formed a group of Moya stone carvings centered on Yuzhen Rock, and in 2006, together with the ruins of Gushun Temple, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit, which can also be regarded as the "Youwei" of Yuanjie.
Yuan Jie traveled to the Nine Ridges Mountain many times, and now there are three poems, one essay and two carved stones as evidence. Among them, the "Atlas of the Nine Doubts Mountain" examines in detail the origin of the Nine Peaks Mountain, depicts its spectacular scene, and puts forward a bold idea: "When the order takes the Nine Doubts as the Southern Mountain and Kunlun as the Western Mountain", it shows the supremacy of the Nine Peaks Mountain in his mind, and his concept of national territory beyond the Five Peaks.
Jiang Huayang Huayan
From the Daozhou Thorn History to the Mountain Forest Hermit
In fact, Yuan Jie is still a hermit in his bones, and his love for landscapes is far greater than his love for official positions.
As a traditional Chinese literati deeply influenced by the Taoist idea of seclusion, Yuan Jie was deeply fascinated by the victory of water and stone in the Shonan area, indulged in the landscape, felt that it was a good place to live in seclusion, and repeatedly revealed the idea of returning to seclusion in his poems.
In addition to official duties, Yuan Jie frantically punched cards between Yongzhou and Daozhou landscapes, and successively opened up scenic spots such as Jianghuayang Huayan, Jianghua Hanting, Lingling Chaoyangyan, Qiyang Huxi, Daoxian Youxi, etc., creating a literary atmosphere of Xiangli's first-line cliffs and becoming a cultural business card of Yongzhou's landscape (for details, see "Three "National Treasure" Stones and the Story of a Great Poet").
Later generations commented that Yuan Jie's prose opened the precursor of Liu Zongyuan's landscape travels, the poetry kaibai Juyi Xinlefu movement, the "Lingling Xing", "Thief Retiring Official" and a series of landscape poems left by him in Daozhou, the style of writing is fresh and natural, and it is a family of its own. Among them, Yongtai's second year (766) wrote two travelogues, "Right Creek Record" and "Hanting Record", which first opened the first Chinese landscape travelogue, and later developed into a new independent style through Liu Zongyuan. In Liu Zongyuan's famous "Eight Records of Yongzhou", you can see the shadow of Yuan Jie's "Right Stream Record".
Yuan Jie was probably the official who reported the most resignations in the Tang Dynasty, and every time he settled down, he "brushed his clothes and went deep into hiding with his name." The history books record that in 762, he resigned from the post of envoy of Jingnan Jiedu and returned to Wuhan; in 767, he resigned from the post of Daozhou Thorn History and returned to Yin Huanxi; in 769, he resigned from the post of Rongzhou Thorn History And Continued to Return to Yin Huanxi.
The poor are good for the world, and the poor are alone. Putting aside his life's work, Yuan Jie built a house in the huanxi mountain forest on the side of the Xiang River, watching over the landscape he loved...
Qiyang HunXi