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One system: the Zen system (refers to the system of passing on the position of tribal alliance leader to the virtuous people at the end of primitive society. ）
Representatives of two primitive farming civilizations: the Hemudu in the south and the Banpo people in the north.
Two humanistic ancestors of the Chinese nation: Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang
Representatives of the three primitive humans: Yuanmou people, Peking people, and mountaintop cave people.
Lesson 1: "The Representative of Early Humanity in China- The Pekingese"
First, the early human beings in our country
1. China is one of the countries with the most ancient human sites found in the world.
2, will not make tools is the fundamental difference between humans and animals.
3. Overview of Yuanmou people:
(1) Time: About 1.7 million years ago
(2) Location: Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province
(3) Status:.
(4) Features:
2. The Discovery of the Beijingers
1. Overview:
(1) Time: about 700,000-200,000 years
(2) Discovery time: 1921
(3) Location: Keel Mountain, Zhoukoudian, southwest Beijing
(4) Status: Peking people are one of the most important primitive humans in the world.
2. The main paleoanthropological sites in China are mainly distributed in the Great River Basin, of which the Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin are the areas where ancient human sites are more distributed.
3. Characteristics of Beijingers
1. Features: Some characteristics of the ape are retained, the forehead is low and flat, the brow bone is enlarged, the cheekbones are prominent, the nose bone is flat, the mouth is extended forward, the brain volume is small, the upper limbs are similar to modern people, the lower limbs are longer, and they can walk upright.
2. The production and living conditions of Beijingers
(1) Tools: able to (make rough stone tools, called stone tools, the era of using stone tools is called Paleolithic)
(2) Form of life organization:
(3) Use of fire: (milestone in the history of human evolution).
3. Status of Zhoukoudian Peking Man Ruins: It is the most abundant and complete Homo erectus site in the world known so far.
Fourth, the cave man at the top of the mountain
Location: Keel Mountain, Zhoukoudian, Southwest Beijing;
Time: about 30,000 years ago;
Features:;
Perforated bone needle: the earliest Paleolithic sewing tool found in China.
To summarize the best of this lesson:
1. China is one of the countries with the largest number of ancient human sites found in the world.
2. The earliest ancient humans that have been confirmed in China are the Yuanmou people who are about 1.7 million years old.
3. The Zhoukoudian Beijinger Ruins are the richest and most complete Homo erectus sites known in the world to date.
4. The earliest discovery of the Peking Man site was in 1921.
5. The first chinese scholar pei Wenzhong to discover the fossil skull of Peking man (1929)
6. Perforated bone needle is the earliest sewing tool found in China.
Lesson 2: Primitive Farming Life
First, the life of the residents of Banpo
1. Overview: (1) Time: about 6000 years ago; (2) Location: Banpo Village, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province; (3) Area: .
2. Production and living conditions:
(1) House:
(2) Production tools: the era of making and using grinding stone tools is called the Neolithic era)
(3) Production activities: reclamation of land, and vegetables, fishing and hunting, collection of wild fruits;
(4) Living utensils: ;
(5) Living technology: The original residents of Banpo have been able to weave and make clothes.
Second, the life of the Hemudu people
1. Overview: (1) Time: about 7000 years ago; (2) Location: Yuyao Hemudu, Zhejiang;
(1) Is the earliest wooden structure in China. Wells are dug, and their timber wells are the earliest timber wells ever discovered;
(2) production activities: crops;
(5) Life technology: (black pottery) and jade, as well as simple musical instruments, will use carving technology and can make works of art.
Fourth, the development of primitive agriculture
1. The Yangtze River Basin is the origin of the world's earliest cultivation of artificial rice, and the Yellow River Basin is the earliest origin of cultivated millet.
2. Primitive agriculture originated from the Yellow River, Yangtze River, HuaiHe River and other river basins in China.
3, the original agricultural farming method: from "slash and burn" to ploughing the soil.
4. An important symbol of primitive agriculture: crop planting, the emergence of livestock breeding, settlements, and the development of grinding tools.
5. Significance: Primitive agriculture laid an important material foundation for the formation of ancient civilization and society.
1. The most representative primitive inhabitants of China's agricultural era are the Banpo people of the Yellow River Basin and the Hemudu people of the Yangtze River Basin.
2. The earliest wooden structure in China is the dry-column house of the Hemudu people.
3. The earliest wooden structure well found so far is the wooden structure well at the Hemudu site.
4. The earliest ivory carvings in China were unearthed at the Hemudu site.
1. Yanhuang Alliance
1. The Battle of Hanquan: Four or five thousand years ago, the Yellow Emperor united some tribes, and in the presence of the Yellow Emperor, the Yan Emperor was defeated. Later, the Yellow Emperor tribe joined forces with the Yandi tribe to defeat Xuan You at Zhuolu, and from then on formed an alliance to form the future Huaxia tribe. Later generations revered the YanDi and the Yellow Emperor as the humanistic ancestors of the Chinese nation, and used to refer to the Chinese nation as the "descendants of Yanhuang".
Second, the invention of the legendary YanDi and the Yellow Emperor
1. Yandi invention: (1) teach the people to cultivate and cultivate grains and vegetables; (2) make pottery, invent textiles, make salt, teach people to trade and exchange; (3) make musical instruments and pianos, and learn astronomy and calendar knowledge.
2. Inventions of the Yellow Emperor: (1) building palaces, making clothes, digging wells, making ships, smelting copper, inventing bows and arrows and guide cars; (2) his wife Changzu was good at raising silkworm reeling, and his subordinate Cangjie invented writing, the head of the abacus, and Linglun made music.
Third, Yao Shunyu's Zen concession
1. Zen concession system: Pass the position of tribal leader to the virtuous person (after the Yellow Emperor, the leaders elected by the "Zen concession system" are Yao, Shun, and Yu. ）
2. Da Yu Zhi Shui: (1) Yu's father: Cang; (2) Yu Zhi Shui Method: Digging river canals and channeling; (3) Yu's noble qualities: selfless dedication, courage to move forward, and not afraid of difficulties.