【Opening Remarks】
Rhymers, the ultimate in beauty.
Song Yun, the essence of the two Song cultures, represented the peak of material civilization and spiritual civilization at that time.
If you say Song Yun, the first look at the upper city. Shangcheng District of Hangzhou, as the site of the Southern Song Dynasty Imperial City, the birthplace of the Southern Song Dynasty culture, and the center for the inheritance and display of Song Yun culture, is the area with the deepest accumulation and most complete preservation of Song Yun culture in the country. A shangcheng district that supported almost all the prosperity of the Southern Song Dynasty.
From now on, the Propaganda Department of the Shangcheng District CPC Committee and the Qianjiang Evening News jointly launched a series of cultural reports, "Millennium Shangcheng Shangcheng Song Yun Shangcheng", showing the core area of the southern Song Dynasty's roots with the power of culture; with cultural self-confidence, tracing the "superior" Song Yun that has flowed for thousands of years and has been passed down to this day.
"Hangzhou Song Yun, the most "superior""
Qianjiang Evening News Hourly News Chief Reporter Bao Yafei Correspondent Li Lingjing
From Kaifeng in Henan 900 years ago to Lin'an in the Southern Song Dynasty in 152 years, there are nearly 1,000 kilometers in between.
Compared with the flat impression of Kaifeng's "one city Song Yun and half city water", Hangzhou's Song Yun is more three-dimensional— whether it is the refinement that can be seen or the spirit that can be perceived—such as streets, canals, architecture, and official courts, such as skills, aesthetics and life. What is surprising is that these achievements have been passed down relatively completely to this day.
From the Imperial City of Jiuli to the 13 gates of Northern Wulin in Southern Wushan, Qiantang Qingboli is home to a population of 1.2 million.
After Zhao Shuo arrived in Hangzhou, he chose Lin'an Fuzhi at the foot of the Phoenix Mountains as the base for the construction of The Great Interior: the non-compliant system of "sitting south and facing north", and the Taimiao Temple and sheji orientation. But this does not prevent it from becoming a Langyuan Immortal Palace that is "magnificent and magnificent, exquisite in workmanship, golden and beautiful, radiant, and like a heavenly palace". According to the north wall of Miyagi city and the push side of the east city wall that have been discovered, the location of Miyagi Castle is in the east of Phoenix Mountain in the south of Hangzhou City - a huge miyagi, and the gold bricks are actually in the upper city.
These 13 gates and the 152-year-old "superior" Miyagi Castle eventually forged the peak of civilization -
"The Second Hundred Schools of Thought in Chinese History" created "the first Oriental Renaissance" and "the first period in the history of the world's great maritime trade". When that civilized and rich dynasty slowly approached, it also opened a magical door for the world: its "hundred flowers blooming" culture, "the unity of the city and the square" business, and the "hundred crafts" skills, combined into a "poetic and picturesque" Oriental.
If I could cross, I would go to the Song Dynasty to know three-quarters of the ancient inventions, to appreciate the ethereal wonders of the Wushan Heavenly Wind, to feel the prosperity of the "BMW carved car fragrant road", to experience the elegant life of "lighting tea, burning incense, arranging flowers, hanging paintings"...
Renderings of the main hall of the Deoksugung Palace Ruins Protection and Display Project and the Southern Song Dynasty Museum (Phase I).
【I】
Small can be exquisitely written, and large can be enterprising and defend the country
Jinshi Xinzan's fate was indeed a bit unfavorable.
At the age of 38, it was precisely when he wanted to make a great achievement in his career, the "Jingkang Revolution" occurred, and the Northern Song Dynasty died.
The friends around him had already hurried to follow Gaozong to the south earlier, but he did not. One is because there are too many of his clans—"the people of the clan are clumsy to get out"; the second is because he has a bigger plan in mind: to hold back in the north to protect his strength, to wait for the Northern Expedition of the Wang Shi, and to hold arms and fight with Jin. In the following years, he accepted the solicitation of the Jin State, went to the imperial court against his will, and after several promotions, he actually achieved the prefect of Kaifeng with Zhengsanpin... But he finally did not return to the Song people he had in mind.
Xin Zan, who worked hard for the identity of the "Song people", is not well known, but the grandson brought up by him, you must be clear.
In the eighth episode of "The Legend of the Archery Hero", Huang Rong went to see Guo Jing after resuming her daughter's dress, and sang a song on the boat, saying: "This is the 'Ruihe Immortal' made by Lord Xin, which describes the plum blossom after the snow, do you say it is done well?" Guo Jing is a northerner, who has always lived in the depths of the desert, has never heard this song, and does not know the meaning of the word, and even asks "Who is Lord Xin?"
This "Lord Xin" is Xin Zan's grandson Xin Abandoned Disease, who went to Hangzhou 5 times, was impeached 7 times, and spent his life trying to recover the lost land, a "Jinan Er'an" who was the same height as Li Qingzhao, and a person who was chanting hangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty until his death.
After Xin Zhiyi was a celebrity, the scholarly family, any one of his words is enough for you and me to write for a lifetime: "Xijiang Yue , Nocturnal Huangsha Road", "Qingping Le • Village Residence", "Yongyule Jingkou Beiguting Huaigu", and of course, "Nian Nu Jiao • West Lake and Ren Yun", "Good Things Near • West Lake", "Manjiang Hong • Title Cold Spring Pavilion".
A person can do a good job in a lifetime is already very complete. But he doesn't, he has to make a unique one on the battlefield.
In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1162), the 23-year-old Xin Abandoned Disease dared to rush into the Jin army of 50,000 people with only fifty nominal soldiers, and he was able to capture the defection leader Zhang Anguo, and even incidentally rebelled against nearly 10,000 horses, all the way back to Hangzhou, so the Southern Song Dynasty was sensational. What kind of courage and wisdom is this? Song Gaozong "is proud of his bravery, and cowards rise up for it", sighing at first sight.
When Xin Abandoned Disease came to Hangzhou for the second time, he was summoned by Emperor Xiaozong of Song and the Temple, and he was appointed as the master of the Sinong Temple—during the 7 years that he was in charge of agriculture, Xin Abandoned Disease was full of thoughts about restoring the Central Plains and wrote the famous "Nine Discussions".
In the spring of 1204, after Chunxi's first year (1174) and Shaoxi's third year (1192) autumn, Xin went to Hangzhou for the fifth time and served as the prefect of Zhenjiang, the anti-Jin front. It has been 40 years since he first came to Hangzhou, and in the past, he has a thousand thoughts, or intentional anger, or regret, writing down "how many things have risen and fallen through the ages, leisurely, endless Yangtze River rolling ..."
But, this was his last.
By the time the imperial court ordered him to "go to Lin'an quickly" to serve as the Privy Counsellor in the third year of the Kai jubilee, Xin was already seriously ill and bedridden. On October 3 of the same year, he shouted "Kill the thief!" Kill the thief! "And died at the age of sixty-eight."
The young man did not understand Xin Abandoned Disease, and he was no longer a teenager.
Many people do not like Xin Abandoned Disease very much, thinking that his words are more important than conquest and killing, and his personality is too paranoid and inflexible. I don't think so. On the contrary, for Hangzhou, I think that Xin Shuyi is the only existence--both writing the fortitude of the literati and the warmth of the general.
It may be a little far away, and today I want to write "Song Yun"; of course, it may not be too far away - Xin Zhiyi, a person who is "small but exquisite, and can be enterprising and defend the country", this character can be understood as a higher level of Song Yun.
What exactly is Song Yun? Is it the mottled old city walls, the bells of the drum towers reverberating, or the elegance of the thin twilight smoke spreading in the landscape paintings? Is it the progressive ideas, noble sentiments and aesthetic concepts embodied in the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of the two Song cultures, or the literati style, artistic accomplishment and inclusive temperament that are integrally immersed in the Song-style life?
"Elegance is commonplace everywhere." I don't dare to define it, but I can only say that Song Yun is a symbol, a symbol of attitude that comprehensively continues to the present and illuminates the future, including the above and not limited to those.
Deoksugung Palace Ruins Protection and Display Project and Aerial View renderings of the Southern Song Dynasty Museum (Phase I).
【II】
Shangcheng, supporting all the prosperity of the Southern Song Dynasty
There has never been a dynasty, like the Southern Song Dynasty, like a butterfly, blooming in the struggle, and from the very beginning it will blend exquisitely on the edge of the iron hooves of the Yi people. On the one hand, you mourn the ruins of its half wall, but on the other hand, you are more subservient to its ultimate charm and grace.
Let me put it bluntly: in the face of the Jin army, which was always wary of the river and looking at it, the southern Song Dynasty court actually used half of the country to create an unprecedented prosperity, so that the feudal dynasty could only really reach its peak at this time.
At its peak, the first indicator is population. The dense crowd is like the amount of savings people have today. In order to explore this, I specifically went to the "History of Song": during the Chongning period of Emperor Huizong, Hangzhou had more than 200,000 households and a population of nearly 300,000 - at that time, even the number of residents of London, Paris, Venice and other cities was only 100,000 - the population of Hangzhou (counting the nine counties of Qiantang, Renhe, Lin'an and so on) was about 1 million. By the Xianchun period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1265-1274), the population of the Hangzhou area reached about 1.24 million people.
There are even omissions in this number. Because the population of "Hangzhou Road" was reviewed at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, it was found that the total population was about 1.83 million, and the population of Hangzhou City alone reached about 500,000. This is surprising.
The prosperity of a dynasty is reflected in the urban population, and the agglomeration of the population is because of the peace of life.
Read down my train of thought, you will be more surprised - as early as 800 years ago, the Southern Song Dynasty Hangzhou has been "no curfew" - there is a morning market night market, business freedom, and because of the convenient transportation, there are many shops outside the city. "Dream Liang Record" Yun: "Hangcheng Street, trading day and night, night to make three or four drums, tourists be rare; five drums bells ring, selling morning market and opening shops." "From this point of view, Hangzhou at that time was already a city that never sleeps. Under the general understanding of the feudal system "Shu Min Nai An", the Southern Song Dynasty is the existence of a fairyland, no wonder that for a time "eight wildernesses are contended, and all countries are salty".
If you are not careful, Hangzhou became the largest metropolis of the Southern Song Dynasty at that time, and it was also one of the most prosperous metropolises in the world at that time.
If you think this is not enough to explain the peak of the Southern Song Dynasty, then you can also take another look at Wenhexue.
There is also a set of figures here: the total number of Southern Song Dynasty academies was 442. The total number of all the academies (143) in the Tang, Five Dynasties, and Northern Song Dynasties for more than 500 years is only 1/3 of the total number — can you imagine? What kind of determination does a feudal dynasty have in mind to learn from the academy?
A voice hid in the corner and said, "Don't forget, the Southern Song Dynasty is a southern song in a quiet corner." ”
But another voice sounded again: never deny the partial security of the Southern Song Dynasty, but don't only see its partial security.
I have always been a little apprehensive about the "partial security" of the Southern Song Dynasty, but fortunately, Mr. Chen Yinke, who I admire very much, has relieved me of the siege. He believes: "The culture of the Chinese nation, which has evolved over thousands of years, was created in the world of Zhao and Song dynasties. This "Zhao Song" of course includes the Southern Song Dynasty, and I think the old man has set a tone for us.
This "tune" is actually related to Zhao Shuo's choice of Hangzhou.
Inevitably, we have to recall the past that Zhao Zhuo least wants to mention - because only he knows the taste better, so no matter how many people advise, why did he still choose Hangzhou.
In 1127, Zhao Zhuo established the Southern Song Dynasty in Shangqiu, but the Jin army invaded, and no one could stop it, so he had to go to Jiangnan, taking his wife and children with him and the sergeant. Jin Jun chased all the way for 700 kilometers and still did not let go, and directly forced Zhao Zhuo out of Hangzhou and moved to Ningbo. "Ningbo can't stay anymore, they're here again." Zhao Shuo retreated to the sea by boat, and then because the Jin army searched the mountains and inspected the sea, Zhao Zhuo had to transfer to Wenzhou...
This time, Zhao Zhuo may have two thoughts: the first is good danger; the second is the sea road is the retreat.
Everything about Zhao Zhuo has only one goal: "stability." In the third year of Jianyan (1129), in the atmosphere of hostility and self-defeat at that time, Zhao Zhuo upgraded the prefect of Hangzhou to a palace and to Lin'an Province. It was not until November of the first year of Shaoxing (1131), when the Jin army withdrew to the north, that he sent someone to build a palace, and only a few months later he took a hundred officials to work in Hangzhou. Some people advised that the capital was Jinling, but Zhao envisioned that Jinling was not safe: the Jin army had not fought. He was worried and afraid, in case the Jin soldiers crossed the Yangtze River again, it would be more convenient to take refuge from Hangzhou to the sea, which would at least preserve a southern Song Dynasty core.
It is also this choice that Hangzhou becomes the only answer. Therefore, according to the "Chunyou Lin'an Zhi" of the "Chunyou Lin'an Zhi", there are eighty-nine lanes in Lin'an City, and the intersection of the streets and lanes that should have been restricted is lined with shops, especially on both sides of the Royal Street. "Pearls and jade treasures and flowers and fruits of the new seafood and wild game strange utensils, the world does not have, all gathered here." Only 7 years later, in the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138), the city wall of Hangzhou was divided into an inner city and an outer city: the inner city, that is, the imperial city, with a radius of nine miles, surrounding the Phoenix Mountain, from the Fengshan Gate in the north, to jianggan in the south, to Wansongling in the west, to the Houchao Gate in the east, and in the imperial city, to build halls, halls, buildings, pavilions, as well as a number of palaces and royal gardens. There are 13 gates in the outer city, spanning Wushan Mountain in the south, Wulin Gate in the north, West Lake on the right, and Qiantang River on the left.
The Imperial City is the core of the Imperial Pulse, and this core is all in the Upper City area - all the buildings, techniques, and wells are scattered from this root, losing this root, and everything else is not the hair of the ground. Use today's drone to fly up to see the location of the southern Song Dynasty Imperial City ruins, from West Lake Avenue in the north, to Songcheng Road in the south, Nanshan Road in the west, and Jianguo South Road in the east. The planned area of the core area is 1.2 square kilometers, including the miyagi - the ruins of the imperial palace, the six parts of the three provinces, the Taimiao Temple, the 23rd Fang, the Drum Tower and other blocks; outside the palace - QingheFang, Royal Street, Wuliu Lane Royal Garden, Laodong Road Guoxue Cultural Corridor, etc.
In this way, a shangcheng district almost supported all the prosperity of the Southern Song Dynasty.
These "roots" are concentrated in this place, so today to write Song Yun - whether it is Song Yun is the most "superior" or Song Yun is the most "uptown", there is no denying it.
【III】
Song Yun's collection place, why is it here
On one side is the heavy pressure of the confrontation across the river, and on the other side is the brilliant and magnificent progress, Song Yun is tasteful and flavorful.
Chinese heavy "roots", only the roots are the roots, and the others are scattered and branched. Now we can put aside all the entanglements and concentrate on talking about Shangcheng to Hangzhou Song Yun.
Shangcheng, a district of Hangzhou, is the same age as the ancient capital of Hangzhou, and is the gathering place of Song Yun - as mentioned earlier, the Southern Song Imperial Palace is here.
Palace? Yes, the common people imagine the royal palace of horns, delicacies, and countless treasures.
In July 2004, the construction of the Wansongling Tunnel, which has invested more than 30 million yuan, determined to "give way" because the Hangzhou Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology found in the rescue archaeological excavations that began in December 2003: in a place of more than 1,200 square meters, there were roads, temple sites, walls, rivers, stone sluice facilities, etc. in the Southern Song Dynasty - this is the "Southern Song Dynasty Royal Street". Really would stop work for a few broken bricks! At this point, I have to admire the wisdom of the ruler of Hangzhou: it not only ensures the current traffic, but also protects a thousand-year-old imperial palace.
At the same time, more than 500 pieces of porcelain were also found, which alone is enough to make people stunned. After the Southern Song Dynasty moved to Hangzhou, the first time it was selected to build the Xiunei Siguan Kiln (later there was a suburban altar under the official kiln) to burn celadon for the use of the court. This is the famous "Southern Song Dynasty official kiln": it is famous for its four characteristics: "purple iron foot", "pink blue glaze", "ice crack sheet", "thin tire thick glaze". What level is the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln? If there is no one in any museum, it will blush when asked, and Nono grinned and did not dare to respond!
Of course, there are also the Taimiao Temple, the Confucius Temple and the Bagua Tian discovered earlier.
Uptown, that's all? No, not only --
There is also Qinghefang, known as the "Hangzhou Architectural History Museum", with the Royal Street as the backbone and the fishbone-like pattern connecting the alleys and alleys, laying the basic spatial structure of Hangzhou's historic district. In the area of Zhongshan Road, these alleys still have a large number of remains, of which there are nearly 20 sections of streets and alleys that have preserved a relatively complete historical style and spatial pattern. Historians and archaeologists have gathered to study - the old foundation is so many and thick, all protected? So they drew a circle in the upper town, and the circle covered an area of 3 hectares...
The customs, operas, and customs of Hangzhou Shangcheng are thus immersed in this circle, and they all have special self-labels, beautiful and exquisite - what I see is that the Southern Song Dynasty people with 440 lines of commerce and trade have hardly lived a life of bearing weights into an extreme yearning.
A simple "tea tasting" of the Tang people has evolved into a "tea hundred plays" such as fighting tea, dividing tea, and ordering tea; the Tang people's liquor order has evolved into small words and loose songs by this time; the Tang people's ramen, at this time, has also evolved more than ten kinds of preparation methods such as rolling, cutting, plucking, sipping, rubbing, rubbing, leaking, pulling, etc., silk chicken noodles, three fresh noodles, fish tong skin noodles, salt fried noodles, bamboo shoots poured meat noodles, fried chicken noodles, boiled noodles, sub-material poured shrimp noodles, silver wire cold tao, etc. People at this stage have very high requirements in eating and drinking and tableware, fine and valuable, and even pioneered the food sharing system.
It can now be defined as follows: For Song Yun, Shangcheng represents Hangzhou.
【IV】
Protect and inherit, the rhyme is long
Unlike any previous dynasty, the Song Yun conceived in 152 years is completely left to the present.
For example, the above-mentioned customs, operas, and customs; such as art, technology and architecture; such as the influence left by the Southern Song Dynasty to the world at that time - the sea in Zhejiang is still an important gateway for the world's maritime trade; the mountains in Shangcheng still lay the paradigm of the aesthetics of Chinese gardens.
I know this— the Song people's way of life and timeless and deep aesthetics of life have had a profound impact on future generations; the cultural genes of the Song Dynasty are hidden in the city of Hangzhou, hidden in the vein of the upper city, and generations of Hangzhou people have interpreted different wonderful rhythms in their own way.
I also know these things – from the West Lake in the Song Dynasty to the harmonious sharing of world cultural heritage today; from the strong atmosphere of Chongwen Xiangxue to the reading-oriented Hangzhou, which is infused with contemporary books; from the pleasant taste of "tea with fine milk in the clear window" to the international event of meeting friends with tea; from the bustling and bustling was the wall-house fence to the livability of the city of Digital Wisdom.
But, as if that wasn't enough. Transmission is a gift from history to the present; inheritance is a responsibility of the present to the past. The unique Southern Song Dynasty left us with a song rhyme that is rare in a thousand years, what else can we do?
At the moment when Bai Su Ergong helped us to "promote domestically" and Marco Polo also brought this city to the world's "Heaven City", two questions may now need to be considered:
The first is what Song Yun brought to Shangcheng? What does it bring to Hangzhou? How should we bring Song Yun to the world?
The second is how to realize the modern expression of traditional culture, the fashion expression of thick culture? The other side of "Song Yun everywhere" is the spatial dispersion of cultural relics, so how do we gather sand into towers to form a synergy? How can this synergy be transformed into market connotation and truly cut into an active cultural inheritance?
Of course, these questions are not to change the admiration and worship of Song Yun in my heart, but to make the Song Yun culture, Qiantang River culture and red culture presented in the new Shangcheng more prosperous in the transformation from the imperial city to the new city.
The protection and inheritance of Song Yun has been done by Shangcheng. The first is research, through the decoding of cultural genes, from more than 700 basic cultural elements to extract the "Deoksugung Ruins", "Southern Song Dynasty Official Kilns", "Baguatian Ruins" and other Song Yun cultural elements. Then there is the dissemination and transformation, through the holding of cultural activities, the development of Song Yun IP cultural and creative derivatives, deepening the integration of culture and tourism, etc., so that Song Yun culture emits new vitality and brilliance. In the near future, the Deoksugung Palace Ruins Protection and Display Project, the Southern Song Dynasty Imperial City Great Ruins Protection Project, the Southern Song Dynasty Museum Preparatory Project, Longju Temple, Haichao Temple, Wuliu Lane, Caoqiao Pavilion, Gaoting Mountain, and many Song Yun pearls and jades scattered in the upper city will all come to us.
Song Yun came to us from a thousand years ago, which is considerable, perceptible, inheritable, and close. Song Yun's civilianization touched us, almost like our lives today. The flying sky of the Northern Wei Dunhuang murals is very beautiful; the costumes of the maids of the Tang Dynasty are very beautiful. But only the beauty of Song Yun can truly be accepted by our values in the soul and the world, after all, we have long developed an innate sense of intimacy with this innate "superior" taste.
(Thanks to the Publicity Department of Hangzhou Shangcheng District Committee for providing pictures)
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Source: Qianjiang Evening News Hourly News