Changsha Municipal Library was built in 1960, in 2018 was rated as a national first-class library, the current planned collection of 2 million books, has been saturated, every year about 150,000 new books. (Photo courtesy of Changsha Municipal Library)
After 65, Wang Ziyang's greatest joy in childhood was reading, but she lived in the countryside and did not have many extracurricular books to read. When she was in junior high school, the father of one of her classmates used to be a teacher, and the family ordered "Children's Literature", "Little Stream", "Story Club", "When I was a child, I saw that, just like a cow entering a vegetable garden," Wang Ziyang recalled. The books that their children have not finished reading, I have borrowed to read, so the books that need to be borrowed will be read. About ten years later, Wang Ziyang entered the library and became the director of the Changsha City Library in 2009, where she now has a collection of more than two million books.
In 1904, the Hunan Library was built in Changsha, which was the first provincial public library in modern China. The library of ancient China has a long history, and the Library of the Zhou Royal Family, which was run by Lao Tzu, is the oldest formal library in the literature, and Lao Tzu is equivalent to the director of the National Library of the Zhou Dynasty. Modern libraries in China began in the late Qing Dynasty, and the term first appeared in 1896 in the Shi Ji Bao, edited by Liang Qichao. From the library to the library, the world's best books are being read by more and more people.
<h3>8:00</h3>
<h3>You have entered a Level 1 fire protection unit</h3>
On April 10, 2021, the rain in Changsha had been falling for two consecutive weeks. At eight o'clock in the morning, there were still many readers waiting at the entrance of the Changsha City Library. The library opens at 9 a.m., but it will now open at 8 a.m. due to the needs of readers.
When readers enter the museum for security, they will be stopped carrying dangerous items such as guns and ammunition control knives - of course, the security captain Zeng Weiwei did not encounter these situations in his work, and the most dangerous and common thing he stopped was the lighter. The library is a first-class fire prevention unit, equipped with fire hydrants, fire extinguishers, fire sprinklers, automatic water cannons, fire roller blinds, smoke detectors and other fire extinguishing equipment. The lighting opportunities carried by the readers entering the library are intercepted, and the intercepted lighting opportunities are placed in the basket at the exit, and the readers take one from the inside when they leave the library.
Some elderly people will bring some cooked food, and the security will advise these readers to store these delicacies in the locker at the door, and at noon they can go to the canteen next to them to heat up and enjoy. In the library, readers are discouraged by security guards from taking off their shoes, eating, making noises, making loud noises, and lying down to sleep. The library is also equipped with more than a hundred monitors, so that there is no dead end coverage. "During the day, some readers have a big heart, put the computer on the table at noon, run to our canteen to eat, and when they come back, the computer is not seen." Zeng Weiwei recalled the occasional situation in the past year, "After they call the police, we will help to call the surveillance out." All we can do is maintain order on the spot, try to patrol as much as possible, strengthen control, and pay special attention to people who see strange behavior, but we can't be so hot-eyed that every person (who behaves abnormally) can distinguish it. ”
Library security and reception will also meet some readers looking for children/parents. "There was a kid who went to dad, and we called his dad, and he said, 'I left the kid there and I went to wash my hair.'" A librarian recalls. Zeng Weiwei said: "In this piece, each of our colleagues has to add a lot of (mobile phone) phone bills every year. ”
Security personnel also have free time at work, mainly every Tuesday to Friday, when the library has relatively few readers (three or four thousand people per day). Some young people who were reviewing for the examination came to Changsha City Library to do security. "Last year, there were three or four graduate students." Zeng Weiwei told southern weekend reporters, "With the help of the platform in our museum, I reviewed while going to work. ”
<h3>9:00</h3>
<h3>Every book has kPIs</h3>
At nine o'clock in the morning, the library was officially opened, the lights were bright, and all the instruments and equipment were running. Changsha City Library needs to consume 10,000 yuan of water and electricity bills a day.
In the book sorting room, two dark green conveyor belts bring in a steady stream of books returned by readers. On April 10, a total of 7219 books were sorted here, and since the weekend is the peak period for book returns, the library usually invites three or four college student volunteers to help, one of whom is from central south university majoring in materials, and participates in this volunteer activity because she has not yet come to Changsha City Library and wants to come and see. The returned books are sensed through the RFID workstation to sense the collection information, and then the staff is stacked according to the location of the collection: self-discipline lending room, social science lending room, youth lending room, children's lending room, 24-hour self-service lending room, of which children's books are also divided into two categories: colored and colorless. These college student volunteers have been busy almost all day at this pace. The books that had passed their initial division were loaded on flatbed trucks and sent to various lending rooms, where staff were put on the shelves to the correct shelves.
In the social science and self-science lending room of Changsha Municipal Library, there are automatic inventory robots to assist in the inspection of books and help librarians check misplaced books. These bookshelves are covered with bits, the chip of each book corresponds to a point, the inventory robot scans and checks the point and chip, and if it finds the corresponding error, it will notify the librarian to correct it.
Each book has a "KPI (Key Performance Indicator)" and "we regularly track the borrowing of books — if a book has a zero borrowing rate for a certain period of time, consider removing it from the shelves." Wei Haiyan told the Southern Weekend reporter that as a supplementary work, librarians will also regularly recommend some books that are not high in borrowing but have reading value to improve their attention, "After pushing, we must track it, if there is still no (people reading) after pushing the book for a month, it means that this book does not meet the reading needs of the public, and next time this kind of book will be recommended less." ”
Changsha Municipal Library plans to have a collection of 2 million books, which are now saturated, and about 150,000 new books are added every year, which means that the corresponding number of books will be removed. The librarian will develop an algorithm, "compare the borrowing situation in the past few years, and if you have not borrowed in the past few years, or borrow too little, you must consider gradually removing the shelves." ”
Some of the injured books would be delivered to Zhu Pengchun's office. Zhu Pengchun is the "book doctor" of Changsha City Library, and his office desk, floor, and shelves are piled with such books, the most common of which are cracked spines, scattered pages, broken covers, and the status of these books in the system is changed to "repair", which is equivalent to registering in the hospital. Zhu Pengchun can save eighty or ninety books a day, and the cutting pad is his operating table, and the surgical tools include a glue gun and a hairdryer for treating glue-bound books, needles and threads for suture-bound books, staplers and square hammers that fix the pages. If the repaired book is in the system, the status will be changed back to "in the library (can be borrowed)". Today, Zhu Pengchun will bind a reader exchange card in front of the title page of each revised book, telling readers that the book has "been reborn" and reminding everyone to love it, especially "don't throw away the book."
Zhu Pengchun receives about 150 injured books a week, accounting for nearly 6‰ of the total number of borrowed books, of which a few books have been mutilated and wrinkled by blisters, which is equivalent to a terminal illness and no medicine to save. The books can no longer be retrieved by readers, and their system status will be changed to "culling" and temporarily packed and stored in the library warehouse. "This book is published for the reader to see, and the worse the book, the more people read it." Zhu Pengchun, who is accustomed to reading books and life and death, is quite open-minded. After professional training and many years of experience in the restoration of ancient books, he thought of the idiom "Wei Compilation of Three Perfections" - the "History" uses the book to turn the book upside down as a metaphor for reading diligently.
The German mathematician and philosopher Leibniz, who served as director of two libraries, believed that the value of libraries depended only on the quality of the books they contained and the frequency of use by readers, not on the number of books they had or the number of rare books. According to this logic, he believes that small open books are better than large open books, because the former saves places and avoids flashy decorations.
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, most of the publications used acidic inferior paper, now into a state of yellowing, brittle and even serious damage, the Ministry of Culture in the early 1980s organized the national large and medium-sized public libraries to jointly implement the literature rescue plan, the relevant literature protection work continues to this day.
<h3>9：00-12:00</h3>
<h3>It's not just books that earn</h3>
Feng Yongtao, the library's editorial department, has done almost the most "reading" work in the library - more than 400 new books are selected for the library every day. In order to select the best books on the market, Feng Yongtao and his colleagues based on the national top 100 book publishing units selected in 2009, eliminated the professional publishing houses, and supplemented the new publishing units such as new classics, Boji Tianjuan, Readers, and Children's Fun that have grown in recent years, and gave priority to purchasing new books from them.
This is not the case with traditional library procurement. "In the past, our procurement faced a dilemma - we had money but could not buy good books. Why? Some good books may not be offered because the profit is not high. Librarian Feng Yongtao said, "Now Changsha Municipal Library divides the government procurement Chinese book funds into two halves, and the first 50% of the funds are specially selected to purchase the books of the excellent publishing houses of their choice, which needs to be contacted by the librarians and each publishing house separately." This model ensures that most of the high-quality and good books are given priority in the collection. ”
Books in public libraries should balance the value of the book itself with the needs of the reader. In 1925, the British librarian McCovin proposed a set of scoring models for book selection, that is, the selection value of a book = the value of knowledge × the social demand.
Since 2011, Changsha Municipal Library has launched the "Your Book I Pay" activity every year, readers in the designated bookstore to select books that meet the requirements of the library, will be paid by the library, readers can return to the library or designated bookstore after reading. In 2020, the campaign will be expanded online, where readers can buy books online, also paid for by libraries. Today, Changsha Library has an annual budget of 1.6 million yuan to pay for books of choice. One librarian thought it was worth it: "The borrowing rate of this batch of books is 100 percent, and all of them have been borrowed." ”
In addition, Changsha Municipal Library Chinese about 300,000 yuan per year to purchase books independently, collect readers' recommendation information every week, place orders directly in the online store, and purchase books that readers urgently need or miss from the first two channels.
Whenever he saw that if a reader came to borrow a book and took away a large number of books, Feng Yongtao would feel very happy: "I feel that the books bought by my department are still recognized." ”
Libraries today earn more than just books. According to Wu Jianzhong, former director of the Shanghai Library, the public library also collects and lends various physical resources, such as maps, engineering drawings, photos, advertisements, postcards, monthly cards, calligraphy and paintings, New Year paintings, wall calendars, cigarette brands, stamps, coins, medals, handicrafts, models, toys, globes, musical scores, clothing, glassware, ceramics, as well as voice books, electronic books, computer games, etc. There is a seed library in the Public Library of Richmond, California, which has a large collection of local seeds and makes them into catalogs and display cases that readers can lend. Since 2003, the Hong Kong Central Library has launched the "Art Loan Scheme", which allows members of the public to borrow home Chinese paintings, Western paintings, prints, photographs and mixed media works in the collection with a reader's card.
Changsha Municipal Library income of many local literature is also not "books", such as some unpublished manuscripts, documents, these documents can not be purchased in bulk through fixed channels, each is through different channels, some from the used book network, bookstores and special collection of books to buy, some are to visit the streets, archives to collect, and some are donated by some readers.
After the librarians sorted it out, the "micro-history" of each street in a city became more and more informative, folklore, map manuscripts, architectural drawings. The genealogy in local literature is also popular for borrowing, "Now that it is an era of genealogy revision, there will be many readers who will come to look for things about genealogy, and we will ask some experts to tell you how to repair the genealogy, what resources are in our library, and which family trees with some surnames can be used by readers here." Wei Haiyan would always remind readers that after they had finished repairing the family tree, they would put one in the library and leave it for future generations.
In the era of information explosion, some valuable audio and video materials may be drowned out or even disappeared within a few years, and these documents also record the history of today. Collecting these literature is easy and costly. The library can establish a complete document resource guarantee system, provide a guaranteed systematic document service to the contemporary era, and also help future generations retain a relatively complete and comprehensive cultural heritage.
The British philosopher Carl Popper once proposed the famous "world three" theory. The "world one" he defined is the objective world, the "world two" is the spiritual world in people's minds, and the "world three" is the world of literature. Popper believes that if the world is destroyed, as long as the objective knowledge collected by the library and the ability of human beings to learn are still there, human society can still function again; but if the library is also destroyed, mankind may return to the flood period.
<h3>11:30</h3>
<h3>"Always snuggled up to the library"</h3>
Half an hour before noon and five p.m. is the peak of reader consultation—many readers return to the library to begin the "afternoon show."
"We want every reader to find a place to spend the whole day in the library." Wang Ziyang told Southern Weekend reporters.
In 2013, Hangzhou Library launched the "Wedding Photos in the Library" activity, and when the library closes on Mondays, the library will leave the venue for readers to take wedding photos for free. In addition, the museum also invites pastry chefs to teach readers to bake pastries, and asks life masters to teach them the experience of raising flowers.
These are the new normals of the last decade or so. According to the "History and Development of Chinese Libraries" compiled by the Library Society of China, from 1992 to 2005, during the period of change in the development of public libraries in China, public libraries engaged in "paid services" and "differentiated services". As of 1993, 43% of the paid services were carried out in public libraries nationwide, of which Jiangsu, Hunan, Shanghai, Beijing and other provinces and cities accounted for more than 70% of the total, and Hubei Province was as high as 88.1%, "these short-term profit-seeking behaviors not only outweigh the losses in economic benefits, but also greatly damage the public welfare image of libraries, directly affect social trust and government investment, and make libraries increasingly marginalized in society." In 2011, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Finance issued the "Opinions on Promoting the Free Opening of National Art Museums, Public Libraries and Cultural Centers (Stations)", and the national public libraries entered the era of comprehensive free.
Prior to this, a small number of urban libraries took the lead in proposing the policy of "openness, equality and free" and put it into practice, which eventually became a national policy. In January 2011, a Weibo post about the 2009 old news of the Hangzhou Library was forwarded over 10,000 times in half a day: "The Hangzhou Library is free for all readers, so there are beggars and scavengers entering the door to read." The only thing the library asks of them is to wash their hands and read them. Some readers could not accept it, so they approached (the curator) Chu Shuqing and said that allowing beggars and scavengers to enter the library was disrespectful to other readers. Chu Shuqing replied, I have no right to refuse them to enter the school, but you have the right to choose to leave. ”
Library management is becoming more and more intelligent, leaving more space in the library to readers. The technical department of Changsha City Library is "hidden" in an office on the fourth floor, and the daily work of the department is cumbersome and busy, and the large screen of the technical department scrolls with the dense real-time data of these devices, as small as how many reader cards are in a self-service certification terminal.
The technical department has only encountered one major failure in the past six years, about two years after the opening of the library, with the continuous expansion of the service scale of the main branch library, as the core business system of the library, the library cluster management system has a higher and higher load, such as the borrowing volume of the new library in one month exceeds the amount of the old library for one year, and there are constantly various sub-business systems online, and need to connect with it. Finally, the only server running the core business went down, and the entire branch library system could not be used. After this failure, the technical department upgraded the server and double-machine hot standby, even if one had a problem, the "replacement" server could be taken over immediately.
Reader Chen Hongsheng was originally a journalist, and after retirement, he often participated in the activities of changsha city library, writing poems and donating books for the library. In June 2020, Chen Hongsheng died of a sudden illness, and in accordance with his will, his family scattered his ashes in the river next to the library, "forever snuggling in the library". As he wrote in his poem "Long Picture, You Are the Dawn of My Soul":
Bid farewell to the hometown on the north side of Dongting Lake,
Come to the gallery of Shanshuizhou City.
Breathing in the fragrance of hibiscus flowers,
Look up at the egrets flying in West Lake Park.
On February 9, 1986 (the first day of the first lunar month), the self-study room of the Shanghai Library was full. (Visual China/Photo)
<h3>12：00</h3>
<h3>Equitable distribution of knowledge information</h3>
There is a blind passage on the ground floor of the Changsha City Library, which leads from the main entrance to the visually impaired lending room on the first floor.
Argentine writer Borges, who has been working in the library since the age of 22, is blind at the age of 56 and is still invited to be the director of the National Library – coincidentally, his two predecessors are also blind. After receiving the curator's letter of appointment, Borges wrote poems celebrating God's gift of "books and the night." Borges worked at the National Library until his retirement, celebrating his birthday almost every year. During his eighteen years as curator, Borges handed over administrative work to assistants, while he dictated poems and novels himself, meeting friends, students, journalists, and academic groups. In his masterpiece The Library of the Tower of Babel, he imagines that the universe is a library connected by a "hexagonal reading room" and a "magnificent layout".
In an interview, Wang Yueping, a librarian in the visually impaired lending room of Changsha City Library, is charging a listening machine, which looks like an elderly mobile phone and can be networked to listen to the resources of the blind library and live radio broadcasts. In 2018, Changsha Municipal Library purchased 800 listening machines for visually impaired readers. The computers in the borrowing room for the visually impaired are equipped with voice-reading software and Braille screen readers, making the contents of the computer both audible and touchable. The desk is equipped with a near-range visual aid and a smart reader. Wang Yueping opened a copy of the "Three Character Classic" and put it in the smart reader, and after scanning for a moment, the speaker of the reader read in standard Mandarin, "King Wu of Zhou, The Beginning of the Harvest." Eight hundred years, the longest..."
The braille books in the visually impaired lending room are mainly secondary school textbooks, medical textbooks and literary works, the first two are used by blind people to prepare for revision exams and massage work, and there are a large number of graphics, pictures and tables in the books, such paper braille is irreplaceable by any listening tool. The content of the textbooks for the blind is exactly the same as that of normal people, but the depth of learning cannot be reached, and Wang Yueping has organized college student volunteers in Changsha in recent years to tutor the blind with their homework. "In recent years, many blind children have become more ambitious and want to take the college entrance examination. In 2019, there was a child who originally studied Massage, but wanted to take the college entrance examination, he did not have any textbooks there, he asked for help here, I fully supported him, he was later admitted to Changchun University. Wang Yueping said.
The braille paper is much larger than the Chinese character book with the same content. According to the "Editing and Publication of Braille Books", Braille books are generally 16 open, the size is about 25×30 centimeters, and each side can accommodate more than 300 Chinese characters, so after a very thin Chinese book is made into a Braille book, the volume and thickness should be increased by 10 times. Due to the high cost and the small market, Braille books could not be bought in bookstores, and could only be ordered from Chinese Braille Publishing Houses. There are more than 4,000 Braille books in the lending room, which can save blind readers a lot of money.
"We need more enthusiasm and patience to receive blind readers." Wang Yueping introduced that these readers can not search for their own choices, "He said he wanted to borrow some literature, I asked him if he liked historical stories or modern life, he said historical stories, I recommended one to him, he touched it and felt inappropriate, he wanted another one." I had to help him get it, because we were all sorted into categories. ”
Blind borrowers enjoy special treatment, ordinary readers need to return books within one month, and blind readers can borrow books for up to 6 months.
In most cases, Wang Yueping took the initiative to come to the door every Wednesday, "sending books, sending discs, sending listening machines, and sending people (volunteers)". Wang Yueping is currently most worried about "Qiao women are difficult to cook without rice", and the braille books he ordered in 2019 have not yet been received: "There are too few braille books, and the main supply library in the country is a Chinese Braille publishing house. ”
Wang Yueping has normal eyesight, has worked in the visually impaired lending room for more than five years, and gradually learned about the blind group. "They are very smart, to fifteen or sixteen years old, most of the computer is better than normal children, some software or blind people help me install, they play WeChat, navigation, also play games, and sometimes discuss: this game you passed a few levels, I passed 7 levels, oh, you are too good, I am only to the 4th level." 」 Before the outbreak of the epidemic, Wang Yueping chose one or two weekends every month to bring the children of the blind school to the library. "It's the nature of children to want to go out and play, and they're out of town because they're out of town, so I'm here. We study on computers here, and usually borrow thirty or forty blind books every time they leave. I took them to the riverside (the library was built on the Xiang river and the Liuyang River) to fly kites, touch the plants, smell the flowers, let them see nature for themselves, and then send them back. "After the outbreak, the children could not come out, and volunteers regularly went to the school to tutor them.
Wu Xi, former director of shenzhen libraries, believes that public libraries "enable every member of society to have the right to freely, equally and freely access and use knowledge and information, representing the fair distribution of knowledge and information, thus maintaining social democracy and justice." The significance of the library's existence exceeds that of the library institution itself, and it has an irreplaceable historical mission and social responsibility, declaring to the whole society the important values of modern democracy, civil rights and equality for all."
Nowadays, machine self-service book lending has become the mainstream, and newspaper lending rooms are outside the mainstream - here manual lending is still used. Newspapers and periodicals are updated faster than books, usually removed within two years, like the cost of implanting magnetic stripes like books is too high, every newspaper and periodical borrowed from changsha library is manually entered by librarian Zhang Youlian, and she has to enter more than three hundred newspapers and periodicals a day during the peak weekend. There are two main types of readers who often come to the newspaper reading room: the elderly who sit all day, and the young people who review the preparation for the exam.
Zhang Youlian was deeply impressed by two "post-90s" old readers. "Luo Ta Ta (Changsha dialect, grandfather) is 92 years old, and his children originally did not let him come, because it is not safe to go alone. He is 93 years old and will come once a month or two. Every time I saw him carrying a cloth bag, it was very inconvenient to walk, and after borrowing 10 magazines from us, I had to go to the fourth floor to borrow books. Zhang Youlian will write down the home address and family contact information of these elderly readers in a notebook in order to help. Zhang Youlian's colleague Chen Yishi told Southern Weekend reporters: "Sometimes children can't accompany them around, and many of their spiritual sustenance is to come to the library during the day, stay there until five o'clock in the afternoon, and communicate more with the staff than with his children." ”
Elderly readers like to talk to Zhang Youlian, and when the lending room is quiet, they lower their voices or talk with writing.
There are also young people who love to learn. Some parents often let Zhang Youlian recommend some magazines for children to read, Zhang Youlian has two children, who are experienced in this area, and casually list a list: "Classic Reading", "Smart Language", "Natural", "We Love Science"... "Every time I see some children borrow magazines and newspapers, I can roughly judge that this child's academic performance will not be bad." Last year, a little boy was about to take the middle school exam and borrow a history magazine. He said he borrowed geography and biology magazines here and brought them into the examination room .) He said that the library is really a treasure of feng shui, and when I take the exam, I have several answers found in it, biology and geography have full scores. ”
Zhang Youlian originally did not work in the library, the couple often traveled on business, the eldest son was mainly taken by his grandparents before the age of 6, often watched TV, and his academic performance was not good. Zhang Youlian came to work in the library after giving birth to her second son, and the child came to the library with her when she was 4 years old. "I worked in the newspaper lending room, and it was impossible to take him with me, so he read in the children's lending room on the second floor. Before the first grade of primary school, he was able to read alone, read a lot of picture books, and his knowledge was quite the best in kindergarten. Later, after reading the first grade, he slowly saw the third floor (the children's lending room for readers aged 8-16), those comics, books recommended by famous artists also read a lot. Recently in the third grade, I saw the books on the fourth floor (social science lending room), I recommended Jin Yong to him, and began to read "Yitian Slaughtering Dragon", and now I have basically finished reading them. My child is still relatively good in the class, he is in this environment, others love to learn, and they have also improved. ”
<h3>13:30</h3>
<h3>"Man is the book"</h3>
At 1:30 p.m., Japanese volunteer Noriko Nakamura came to the Changsha City Library from Takahashi in Changsha to prepare for a lecture at 2 p.m. This is the "World of Day Reading" activity of Changsha Municipal Library, inviting foreign volunteers to introduce the customs and customs of their respective countries. Noriko Nakamura, a Japanese living in Changsha, saw the relevant introduction on the public account and introduced herself. Noriko Nakamura has been doing similar activities on Weibo before, with young people mainly on the Internet, while library readers are young and old. "I'm 51 years old and have to play to my 'youth' strengths to give more people who are slightly older to have access to some foreign languages." Noriko Nakamura said.
When I came to changsha city library, the staff took Noriko Nakamura to visit. "There were a lot of people in it studying, and I was shocked." Noriko Nakamura was also surprised that the most asked questions about Japanese literature after her lecture, "I thought that everyone would be more interested in eating, drinking and having fun, but I didn't expect everyone to be so enthusiastic about literature, so I felt that the people who came to the library were really different." Noriko Nakamura did a Japanese essay delivery event on Weibo, and sent Keigo Higashino's book the most retweeted, and the Japanese writers who were popular with Chinese readers included Haruki Murakami, Jun Ikei (author of "Naoki Hanzawa"), female writer Yoshimoto Banana, prose writer Yataro Matsuura, and so on.
At the end of 2020, Noriko Nakamura received the Reading Promoter Certificate issued by Changsha Municipal Library, and the prize was the Cultural and Creative Fruit Plate of Changsha Municipal Library. Noriko Nakamura was impressed that Japanese museums and art galleries would also do some peripherals, but it seems rare for libraries to do peripheral cultural creations.
Noriko Nakamura came to China in 2003 and said, "The first ten years were not particularly smooth, but many people said to me, although I don't like Japanese people, I like you." Noriko Nakamura told the Southern Weekend reporter, "People who really hate Japan may not come to an event like ours, but there are many friends here, maybe because they have some bad views of Japan because of some things, and when they think of me, they may reduce some contradictions." Today, Noriko Nakamura is "half a Changsha person", and her favorite Changsha dialect is "嬲塞" (powerful and beautiful), and she feels that "the tail of Changsha dialect is upward, and the overall sound is very cheerful.". Noriko Nakamura and documentary filmmaker Ryo Takeuchi are fellow Chiba villagers in Japan, and Ryo Takeuchi, who settled in Nanjing, "can't eat spicy at all", while Noriko Nakamura, who has lived in Changsha for a long time, is very spicy. In August 2020, his wife came to Changsha on behalf of Ryo Takeuchi to photograph Noriko Nakamura. Previously, Takeuchi Ryo came to Changsha to shoot a documentary on the health journey, "They (the team) only stayed for two days, because the first day they ate stinky tofu and crayfish, pulled his stomach for two days, and he never wanted to come to Changsha again." ”
In order to improve the utilization rate of foreign language literature, Changsha Municipal Library has cooperated with some middle schools to send some original books in foreign languages that students need to schools. "The school teacher will send out some book lists, as long as they meet the requirements of the collection construction, they will make purchases." The library at Yale-China Secondary School currently has more than three hundred copies of these foreign texts. Chen Yishi introduced that on April 18, 2021, Changsha City Library invited students from the school to perform an English short play, adapted from the famous book "Pride and Prejudice".
Wu Jianzhong, former director of the Shanghai Library, introduced that the culture of the library in the past was considered a reading culture, and one of the most important tasks of the early library was literacy. Today, literacy rates are generally increasing globally, and library cultures are expanding towards multiculturalism, the most basic of which is information literacy. The mainstream business of libraries has shifted from re-borrowing to comprehensive literacy, with more attention paid to providing basic skills for the all-round development of people.
Founded in 2012, Changsha Municipal Library's public welfare classroom "100 Teachers and 100 Lessons" is currently opened with more than 100 classes and nearly 900 activities throughout the year. Every year, the library will launch new courses based on the hot spots of reader needs, such as the 2020 course to teach the elderly to use smartphones.
"If I had studied erhu or writing today and had a strong interest in this aspect, there would have been a professional need. It is certainly not enough for the teacher to attend classes only once a week, so he has to go to the library to find relevant books, which has achieved the effect of reading promotion. Librarian Guo Ling said.
Fu Kaihua, a national first-class singer, began to volunteer in culture and art in 2009, and on New Year's Day in 2017, he began to come to changsha new library to give vocal music classes. The teaching goal of the vocal music class is to sing a song well, and the students can learn some vocal techniques and music theory knowledge. Choir classes combine staves and simple notation, and all aspects are more demanding. In the past four years, the students have settled down and formed a choir with relatively fixed members. In addition to changsha city library, Fu Kaihua also holds classes every week at three old/old cadre universities in Changsha. The characteristics of Changsha City Library are that students of all ages have been seen, and Fu Kaihua has seen many couples, brothers and sisters, three generations of a family and even neighbors come to class together. Every six months is a semester, and each semester is re-enrolled. Middle-aged and elderly students usually come here to realize the musical dreams of their youth, where they can systematically understand ethnic, popular, bel canto and original singing methods, and can also meet more people. At the end of each semester, students will have a debriefing performance, and those who perform well will be invited to perform in public spaces such as various branch halls and even squares.
Libraries are always connecting different people. The idea that "people are books" has a long history. There are "oral" cultural traditions all over the world, such as the epic poems of King Gesar in Tibet. In ancient times, due to the difficulty and scarcity of books, the words written on the books would also be memorized intact, and Confucian classics such as the Book of Poetry were thus restored after Qin Shi Huang 's "book burning pit Confucianism". After the popularization of paper and printing, people no longer have to memorize all the books, but everyone's life experience is a unique book, and the contemporary Danish "human library" was born and promoted to the world.
<h3>14:00</h3>
<h3>More than just being borrowed</h3>
Sun Hui, a librarian at Changsha City Library, is the older generation of librarians at Changsha City Library. "When I was learning to speak and toddler, I had already walked into the library." Sun Hui recalled, "In the past, books were borrowed and returned by hand, and readers would be stuck in the turntable, which I thought was very interesting, so I turned around." Sometimes my mom's co-workers would tease me and ask me to find a card with a certain number, and I felt a sense of accomplishment. "More than a decade later, Sun Hui also became a librarian, and she used to work in the journal room, responsible for rearranging and cataloging all the past publications." It wasn't very well lit, and I sat in a corner and filled out tens of thousands of (bibliographic cards) over there. During that time my eyesight dropped quite quickly. ”
Today, Sun Hui has been working in the library for 29 years, and her current work content is very different from that year. In 2018, Sun Hui founded the Changsha Municipal Library Public Welfare Lecturer Group, which includes retired doctors, teachers, civil servants, and caring people from all walks of life. She led these public welfare lecturers to do public welfare lectures according to the content of a certain book each time.
Public interest lecturers also benefit. Sun Hui recalled that a ms. Bai in her fifties in the lecturer group once recalled to her: "She said that when she contacted the lecturer group, it was the time when her menopause situation was the most serious. Before she retired, she was a deputy division-level cadre, and because of the change of roles, she could not accept that gap and suffered from depression. Joining the lecturer group, public welfare anti-drug, public welfare to help the disabled, she said that while helping others, she also gained happiness. ”
Traditional libraries adopt closed shelf management, and modern libraries combine closed shelves with open shelves, so that the collection area and the reading area are integrated. At the same time, with the increasing functions of the library, people's behavior needs to come to the library are also complicated, the library not only to provide readers with static reading space, but also set up a variety of social activity space, such as multi-functional hall, reading activity space, reader exchange space, movie hall, café, bookstore, cultural and creative product display space, etc., to meet the needs of readers' daily leisure, socialization, work, participation in cultural activities, re-education, catering, information consultation and so on.
As early as 1953, the National Library set up a mass working group to hold exhibitions and lectures. The exhibition can reveal the literature in the collection and cultivate the interest in reading, so as to achieve the purpose of reading promotion. In 2003, "exhibition services" were added to the public library grading evaluation project, which greatly enhanced the status of exhibitions in library business. In the 1950s, writers such as Lao She, Guo Moruo, Tian Han, Ding Ling, Ai Qing, and He Qifang all lectured at Guotu.
A book can not only be borrowed in the library, taking Zhu Zuxi's "Yingguo Craftsmanship - The Planning and Construction of the Ancient Capital of Beijing and Its Cultural Origins" as an example, this book was awarded the Wenjin Book Award at the National Library (a reading promotion award selected by readers), and then the library held an exhibition according to the content of the book, the author gave a lecture in the library, and then organized readers to visit Ancient China on the central axis of Beijing to carry out a "reading journey".
Sun Hui's grandmother, Chen Yuying, was a nanny for Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui's family, and there were six letters written by Mao Zedong to her mother and grandmother, a five-page letter from Mao Anying to her grandmother, and a group photo of her grandmother and mother with them. "It has been written many times in the letter that you must maintain the true character of the working people, that you must not engage in specialization, and that you absolutely cannot ask for requests from organizations." Sun Hui talked about the significance of these letters, "Now I am very moved. There were many units such as the Party History Museum to collect this batch of literature, sun Hui finally chose to donate to the Changsha City Library, which was stored in the camphor wood box in the special literature reading room, not only to remove insects, dust, but also constant temperature and humidity, recently, this batch of cultural relics were exhibited in the library.
Every weekend, the venue of the Library Maker Center is open for free reservations for the public to play board games and scripts to read and reason, and dozens of board games and related books are placed on the shelves. The maker center is also equipped with various equipment and tools such as 3D printers and cutting machines, which are free for readers to use and produce various works of technology, handicraft and design. Maker centers also send these devices to military barracks and schools.
<h3>14:00-21:00</h3>
<h3>Entrance to new citizens</h3>
The children's lending room is the liveliest place in the Changsha Library, where the children's irrepressible laughter echoes. Librarian Luo Qiufen believes that young readers aged 4-8 are the "main force" of hilarity: "Because they can talk too much, like to express, and then read here." And the best way for parents to read is conversational reading, which is definitely noisy. "The number of books here accounts for only about one-tenth of the collection, and the circulation (the total number of borrowings and returns) accounts for about half of the entire library.
"Education is one of the core values of libraries, and it is lifelong education. Every library has its service focus, and as an integrated public library, youth reading promotion is one of the focuses of our work. Because most adult readers can choose and recommend suitable books. Now a large part of the task of reading promotion in our library is to make minors fall in love with reading and develop reading habits. Wang Ziyang said that when the new Changsha Library opened in 2015, more than 92% of the readers were under the age of 40. Now opened for a few years now, it has become under 45 years old. ”
Since more than 60% of the children's books are literature according to the Zhongtu method (22 categories), which cannot be effectively subdivided according to the Zhongtu method, Changsha Municipal Library has re-divided the more than 200,000 children's books in the library into about 40 categories, such as 0-3 year old reading materials divided into five categories. "This classification is extremely difficult, you have to know what kind of books children can read at what age, and what topics they like to read." When leading the classification, librarian Luo Qiufen read a large number of research books on children's psychological development, cognitive development, and language development, and the more intuitive experience came from her and her children's parent-child reading experience.
Children's books are usually thin and flow quickly in libraries. "We are now adding people, four people here on weekends to divide books, three or four thousand readers to return books, everyone keeps dividing, from morning to night." Luo Qiufen said. "The volunteers said privately they were moving bricks, and I was not happy to hear it. But for them it was really physical work, especially tiring. ”
Traditional children's reading is mainly based on the practical utilitarian purposes of learning to recognize, learn knowledge, and receive education, and the target of reading promotion is mainly after school-age children themselves, emphasizing that "learning the sea is endlessly arduous". The purpose of modern children's reading is to help children fall in love with reading, enjoy reading, and make reading a lifelong way of life, including children and parents, who believe that children's reading needs to be guided, emphasizing the influence of adults on children's reading, and the importance of cultivating interest in reading in the early years of children's lives.
Changsha Municipal Library's parent-child reading picture book activity "Circle Story Meeting" is an entrance to the city's new citizens, and children aged two or three can enter the library to read picture books. When children fall in love with picture books, they come to the library to borrow picture books.
<h3>21:00- 9:00 the next day</h3>
<h3>"I'm just waiting for this day."</h3>
Every year on the night before Children's Day, Changsha City Library also invites children and parents to camp in the library's marquee.
Every year, except for this night, the library closes at 9 p.m. and the security staff shifts. The night security guard stayed up all night (
Once it is found that the night shift sleeps unconditionally), every once in a while to conduct a tour of the upstairs, check some computer rooms, electrical appliances, rainy days beware of water leakage.
On the map of Changsha, there are 156 branches of Changsha Library.
In the general branch library system, Changsha City Library is the main center library, below which is the district (city) main library, and then below is the branch library. The implementation of the general branch library system of Chinese libraries began in May 2003, and the first branch library in Chancheng District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province was established. In 2006, the general branch library system was written into the national policy "Outline of the National Cultural Development Plan for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period", which was the first medium- and long-term plan in China to specifically deploy cultural construction. According to the "Standards for the Construction of Public Libraries" (implemented in 2008) edited by the Ministry of Culture, a small library is set up for every 200,000 people, with a collection of at least 45,000 volumes and a service radius of no more than 2.5 kilometers, which provides a reference basis and basic requirements for the network construction of public reading facilities in the county.
To become a branch of Changsha City Library, the area should be at least 100 square meters, only on the first floor, giving priority to the frontage façade. The branches are managed by special personnel, equipped with self-service borrowing and return equipment, anti-theft access control and monitoring, and must undertake at least 12 reading promotion activities every year. In 2017, Changsha Municipal Library has developed a hundred branches, and the focus has become to improve quality standards - branches that are often complained about will be eliminated; high-efficiency branches will be given priority to hardware upgrades, capital investment and other support.
In 2013, the main branch library realized the book loan and return, and now if the books borrowed by readers in the main library are returned to the branch library, the book will not be transported back to the main library, but will remain in the branch library. Librarian Chen Lian regularly analyzes the borrowing data of each branch library, and the book category with the largest borrowing ratio will be more equipped next time.
In 2007, Dongguan Library took the lead in launching an ATM self-service lending machine in the country. In 2008, Shenzhen designed a self-service library and promoted it throughout the city, where readers can pre-lend, OPAC inquiries, and certificates on the self-service library. These have all been supplemented by the library's general branch.
Communities, barracks, schools, village groups, and squares with high reading needs can apply to become mobile book spots if there is no small library nearby.
Li Jianying's bus is a mobile library, the passenger seats on the car have been converted into bookshelves, holding 3,000 books of various types, and equipped with two air conditioners. For each mobile book station, Li Jianying drives to once a month, and the farthest is a detachment of the armed police, 60 kilometers one way. Drive to the local area, connect the electricity and turn on the air conditioner, readers will begin to consult for certificates, borrow books and return books, and at least borrow hundreds of books each time. Young readers call Li Jianying "sister", talk to her about reading experience when returning books, and book books that they want to read next time. Sometimes readers don't know what books to read, and mobile libraries will do a "Wenjin Book Award" award-winning book tour exhibition, "Readers see those books that have won awards, borrow them back to see, so that the amount of borrowing has gone up." ”
Over the years, Li Jianying has become a "celebrity" in some communities, and every month on the day she comes, her grandparents will take the children to wait in the activity open space. On the day of the interview, it had been raining in Changsha for half a month, and in a community that Li Jianying went to in the morning, some old readers braved the rain and walked on crutches to borrow books. "She almost fell, and I was shocked. I said big sister, it's raining so much, you don't use it to borrow books. She said that I like to read books when I retire at home. This time borrowed two health books, two romance books, she said I will wait for this day. Li Jianying told this old reader that the "Yun Jinfei Book" service of Changsha City Library can be mailed to home with borrowed books, with a postage of five yuan, the first time it is free, and you can try it when the weather is bad.
Li Jianying has driven buses and run long-distance freight, because he likes to read books, and changed to his current job. Readers borrowed more books, Li Jianying also took the time to find them to read, thinking that it was good and would recommend it to more readers. Li Jianying said: "My cubs and I read books after 9 o'clock at night and saw that we went to bed at 10 o'clock. He now not only likes to read books, but also likes to listen to books, talking one set after another, than I can say. ”
On a new day, Li Jianying's mobile library set off again.
References: Wu Xi's "History and Development of Chinese Libraries", Wu Jianzhong's "New Theory of Libraries in the 21st Century".
Southern Weekend reporter Liu Youxiang