Anshi Rebellion
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > the formation of the three towns of Heshuo after the Anshi Rebellion</h1>
Since the Beginning of the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty's management of the Youzhou region has basically been out of control. After the Anshi Rebellion, the imperial court was unable to pursue the Rebellious General Anshi in Hebei, so it could only adopt the method of appeasement, and appointed three Jiedu envoys of Youzhou, Wei Bo, and Chengde in one go, and the three Jiedushi envoys of the Three Jiedushi envoys, known in history as the "Three Towns of Heshuo", also known as the "Three Towns of Hebei", thus creating a situation in which the fanzhen was divided into Hebei.
The former Anshi rebel generals Li Huaixian, Zhang Zhongzhi, and Tian Chengsi were awarded the Titles of Youzhou Jiedushi, Chengde Jiedushi, and Wei Bojiedushi, respectively, and these former Anshi rebel generals were transformed into local feudal generals of the Tang Dynasty. Moreover, these three towns have in fact formed a new local division.
The military, political, financial, personnel, and supervision powers of the three towns were all concentrated in the hands of the feudal governors, and the central government of the Tang Dynasty was simply unable to interfere or ask questions, and could only adopt an attitude of appeasement.
Tang Dynasty fan town type
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="28" > the formation of youzhou knots</h1>
Youzhou Jiedushi, also known as Lulong Jiedushi and Fanyang Jiedushi, was one of the ten major festivals during the Tang Xuanzong period. Before the Anshi Rebellion, he was known as fanyang jiedushi, and because of the Lulong army, he was also known as Lulong jiedushi. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty changed the Fanyang Jiedushi to Youzhou Jiedushi, or Youzhou Lulong Jiedushi.
The rebellion of An Lushan in that year was a rebellion launched with Youzhou as the core area. Because of the fierce customs of the people of Youzhou at that time, coupled with the mixed residence of Hu and Han, the combat effectiveness of the Youzhou Army was very strong, and Youzhou was the main core area of the Anshi rebellion in that year, and the central government of the Tang Dynasty was powerless against the remnants of youzhou' rebels, so although it was extremely jealous of the division of Youzhou, it could only be left to its own devices due to the limitation of strength.
The jurisdiction of Youzhou Jiedushi is mainly the nine prefectures of Youzhou, Jizhou, Yanzhou, Tanzhou, Yizhou, Dingzhou, Hengzhou, Mozhou, and Cangzhou with Youzhou as the core area, and it can be said that these nine prefectures have formed the basic plate of youzhou Jiedushi's jurisdiction. Although the territory changed in the later period due to the partition war between the feudal towns, the area with Youzhou as the core did not change.
Three towns in Hebei during the Tang Dynasty
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="43" > the change and inheritance of Youzhou Festival</h1>
After the Anshi Rebellion, the change and inheritance of youzhou jiedushi was mainly in several ways, one was the appointment of the imperial court, one was the inheritance of father and son or brother, one was the rebellion and seizure of power by the generals, and the other was the intervention of the external clans. It can be said that most of the Youzhou festivals are not allowed to die well, and the Position of Youzhou Festivals can be said to be extremely dangerous, and if you are not careful, you will be killed in minutes.
The following are the periods in which youzhou festivals have changed and passed on.
Initial construction period:
Li Huaixian (763-768), a general of The An Lushan, was killed by his subordinate Zhu Xicai in the third year of the Tang Dynasty (768 AD).
Zhu Xicai (768-772), a general of Li Huaixian's department, was killed by his subordinates in the seventh year of the Tang Dynasty (772 AD).
Zhu Zhu (772-775), a general of Zhu Xicai's army, after Zhu Xicai was killed, Zhu Zhu was supported by his subordinates as a Jiedu Liu, and was later awarded the Jiedu envoy by the imperial court.
Zhu Tao (775–785), Zhu Tao's younger brother, was appointed by the imperial court through the seizure of power.
Three towns of Heshuo
Liu's helm:
Liu Tao (785), Zhu Tao's cousin, after Zhu Tao's death, Liu Tao was elected by his subordinates to preside over affairs and was able to succeed him as the envoy of Jiedu.
Liu Ji (785-810), Son of Liu Qi, Liu Ji died of illness and was succeeded by Liu Ji, who was later killed by his son Liu Zong.
Liu Zong (810-821), son of Liu Ji, succeeded him as the envoy of Jiedushi by killing his brother, and in the fourteenth year of Yuan He (819), he invited himself to the court and submitted to the imperial court.
During the period of the Court of Submission:
Zhang Hongjing (821), after Liu Zong's return to the imperial court, was appointed by the imperial court as the first civilian official Jiedushi envoy, who was later expelled by the Mutinous Soldiers of Youzhou.
Zhu family father and son:
Zhu Kerong (821-826), grandson of Zhu Tao, was originally a general of Liu Zong, and after the expulsion of Zhang Hongjing by the sergeants of Youzhou, he was established as the main envoy and succeeded to jiedushi.
Zhu Yansi (826), Zhu Kerong's son, was proclaimed the new lord after Zhu Kerong was killed by the mutinous army.
The decaying Tang Dynasty
Frequent periods of change and chaos:
Li Zaiyi (826-831), after Emperor Taizong of Tang deposed the crown prince Li Chengqian, was used by Li Tangyuan's former envoy Liu Ji, and later Zhu Kerong and Zhu Yansi's generals, after Zhu Yansi was killed by soldiers, Li Zaiyi was proclaimed as the new lord, and in the fifth year of Yamato (831), he was expelled by his subordinate Yang Zhicheng and led a mutiny.
Yang Zhicheng (831-834), a general of Li Zaiyi's army, rebelled and expelled Li Zaiyi, but was only granted the title of emperor by the imperial court, and because Yang Zhicheng plotted to claim the title of emperor, he was reported to the imperial court by his subordinate Shi Yuanzhong, and caused the anger of the military and the people, and was expelled by his subordinates.
Shi Yuanzhong (834-841), a general of Yang Zhicheng's troops, Yang Zhicheng was expelled, supported by his subordinates, and later killed by his subordinate Chen Xingtai.
Chen Xingtai (841), a subordinate of Shi Yuanzhong, launched a mutiny and killed Shi Yuanzhong, and then established himself, was not recognized by the imperial court, and was killed by his subordinate Zhang Dai a month later.
Zhang Dai (841), a subordinate of Chen Xingtai, killed Chen Xingtai to establish himself.
Periods of the first two and the last two:
Zhang Zhongwu (841-849), a general of Youzhou who killed and quelled Zhang Chen's rebellion, was appointed by the imperial court as an envoy to Jiedu.
Zhang Zhifang (849), son of Zhang Zhongwu, succeeded him after Zhang Zhongwu died of illness and fled to Chang'an due to military chaos.
Zhou Qiang (849-850), a subordinate of Zhang Zhifang, after Zhang Zhifang fled to Chang'an, Zhou Qiang was supported by soldiers and died of illness.
Zhang Yunshen (850-872), a general of the Zhou Qiang department, was recommended by soldiers after Zhou Qiang's death.
Zhang Jianhui (872), son of Zhang Yunshen, succeeded him after Zhang Yunshen's death, but because he was afraid of the Youzhou general Zhang Gongsu, he abandoned his post and fled to Chang'an.
Sheng Tang
Periods of Decay and Turmoil:
Zhang Gongsu (872-875), a general of Youzhou and a general of Zhang Yunshen's army, had always had prestige, and Zhang Yunshen was supported by his subordinates after he fled.
Li Maoxun (875-876), a descendant of the leader of the Tiele Tongluo tribe, Abs, who descended to Tang during the Zhang Zhongwu period and became a general in Youzhou, and later raised an army to rebel against Zhang Gongsu and became the new lord of Youzhou.
Li Keju (876-885), son of Li Maoxun, li Maoxun, who was ill and recommended his son Li Keju to stay in Jiedu, was later killed by the general Li Quanzhong who rebelled and self-immolated.
Li Quanzhong (885-886), a general of Li Keju,killed Li Keju to stand on his own.
Li Converse (886-893), son of Li Quanzhong, succeeded by Li Quanzhong after his death.
Li Kuangchuo (893-894), brother of Li Quanzhong's son Li Converse, refused to establish himself in the second year of Gyeongbok (893), and was defeated by Li Keyong.
Early Fifth
The Yan period
Liu Rengong (895-907), originally a general of Youzhou, later defected to Li Keyong and defeated Li Kuangchu, Youzhou was eventually captured by Li Keyong, Liu Rengong was recommended by Li Keyong as the new Youzhou Jiedushi envoy and occupied Youzhou, after the fall of the Tang Dynasty, Youzhou became a divided force.
Liu Shouguang (907-913), son of Liu Rengong, seized the throne and established himself as Emperor of Great Yan in 911, and the Youzhou region was officially divided and independent, known as the Yan regime in history. It was destroyed by Li Cunxun, the King of Jin, in 913.
At this point, the Youzhou Festival, which continued after the Anshi Rebellion, completely destroyed the town.