In April 1931, after Gu Shunzhang, known as "the most dangerous traitor in the history of the Communist Party of China," defected, how much harm did he inflict on the party?
There are very few surviving photographs of Gu Shunzhang
On the second day that Gu Shunzhang rebelled and was taken to Nanjing, he identified yun daiying, one of the leaders of the Ccp, and led to the murder of yun daiying. Soon, he personally led agents to capture another early leader of the Chinese Communist Party, Cai Hesen, and eventually let Cai hesen die in prison.
Moreover, because Gu Shunzhang had long been the head of the special branch in the Shanghai area where the Party Central Committee was located, and had mastered the central government's armed force in Shanghai, the Red Team, and was extremely good at intelligence work, Gu Shunzhang had almost single-handedly built an underground party transportation network in Shanghai, Jiangsu and other places, and he was extremely familiar with the Communist Party leaders in Shanghai.
As a result, after Gu Shunzhang's rebellion, the Chinese Communist Party's organizations in Shanghai and Jiangsu were almost devastated, exposing a large number of underground party members lurking within the Kuomintang.
In the end, even the Party Central Committee had to evacuate Shanghai because of Gu Shunzhang's rebellion. At the most dangerous time, not only did the Party organization in Shanghai suffer devastation, but the entire Party Central Committee, including Zhou Enlai, was in an extremely dangerous state.
Zhou Enlai
Therefore, it is precisely because of Gu Shunzhang's defection that the Chinese Communist Party has caused great harm. The Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic also issued a unique wanted notice, "Wanted by the People's Committee of the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet: Gu Shunzhangshi, a Revolutionary Traitor Wanted."
This is why Gu Shunzhang has been called "the most dangerous traitor in the history of the CCP."
However, many people do not know that although Gu Shunzhang's rebellion caused so much damage and caused the arrest and even murder of many early leaders of the Chinese Communist Party, this was actually the "best" result.
Because, if the news of Gu Shunzhang's defection had not been promptly informed to Zhou Enlai and the Party Central Committee, then Gu Shunzhang's losses to the Chinese Communist Party would not have stopped there.
Gu Shunzhang, who knows the Shanghai Party organization and the CPC Central Committee very well, is entirely possible to sweep the Shanghai Party Central Committee to the brim.
Former site of Central Turco
And once such a thing is allowed to happen, it will cause irreparable losses to the Chinese Communist Party and even the Chinese revolution, and will even directly change the fate of the Chinese revolution and even China.
At the moment of extreme crisis, he promptly obtained the news of Gu Shunzhang's defection and informed the central authorities of Qian Zhuangfei, who was called one of the "Three Masters of Longtan" by Zhou Enlai.
On April 24, 1931, Gu Shunzhang, who had been captured by Kuomintang agents in Wuhan, had already defected on the day of his arrest. The agents who learned of Gu Shunzhang's identity within the Chinese Communist Party became extremely excited. Immediately, they reported Gu Shunzhang's defection and the top-secret intelligence he revealed to Xu Enzeng, the leader of the secret service organization.
However, what the Kuomintang agents never expected was that Xu Enzeng's confidential secretary was None other than Qian Zhuangfei, a communist. When Qian Zhuangfei tried every means to obtain this top-secret information, he immediately informed the Party Central Committee and Zhou Enlai. It was also under the decisive command of Zhou Enlai that the main leaders of the Central Committee and the relevant underground parties were able to transfer in a timely manner.
Longtan Sanjie
And this timely notification of the central authorities' Qian Zhuangfei at a timely moment of extreme crisis, who is it? How did he infiltrate the Kuomintang secret service organization and even become the confidential secretary of the head of the secret service?
Qian Zhuangfei is a native of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, and Qian Zhuangfei, who was born in the land of fish and rice, came from a good family, born in 1896, to a family of businessmen, whose father was not only engaged in the silk business, but also dabbled in tea and rice dumplings.
Therefore, Qian Zhuangfei not only had the opportunity to study, but also achieved very good results with his natural intelligence. Under such superior conditions, Qian Zhuangfei completed his growth in school without worry.
After successfully graduating from the National Beijing Medical School in 1919, Qian Zhuangfei, who received a sound education, naturally began to practice medicine in Beijing, and it was also in the year of graduation that the May Fourth Movement set off a boom in the country.
Qian Zhuangfei
As a patriotic young man full of blood, Qian Zhuangfei also participated in the May Fourth Movement and met Li Dazhao, one of the founders of the Communist Party of China, at Peking University. Li Dazhao was very appreciative of this enthusiastic young man with lofty ideals.
Therefore, in 1925, Li Dazhao sent Zhang Xianzhong as Qian Zhuangfei's introducer to formally introduce Qian Zhuangfei to the Communist Party of China. And interestingly, as Qian Zhuangfei's introduction to the party, Zhang Xianzhong also introduced his sister Zhang Zhenhua, who joined the party in the same year as Qian Zhuangfei, to him, and Qian Zhuangfei found his lover in the revolutionary cause.
After joining the Communist Party of China, Qian Zhuangfei finally found the direction for which he had struggled all his life, so he devoted all his energy to the revolutionary cause.
Qian Zhuangfei upgraded his outpatient clinic to a hospital and used it as the office of the Standing Committee of the Northern District of the Communist Party of China, and he used almost all of his income as funds for party activities.
However, just as the revolution was in full swing, in 1927, with Li Dazhao being arrested and killed by Zhang Zuolin, the leader of the Fengzhi warlords, the activities of the party organization in the north suffered great damage. Qian Zhuangfei Hospital, a secret stronghold of party activities, was also exposed. Fortunately, Mr. and Mrs. Qian Zhuangfei survived because they went out.
Faced with the situation, which had been greatly damaged and exposed, Qian Zhuangfei and his wife consulted with another Communist Party member, Hu Di, and decided to go to Shanghai, the seat of the CPC Central Committee, to continue to participate in the revolution.
After arriving in Shanghai, because the party organization had gone underground at this time, Qian Zhuangfei finally contacted the party organization after several twists and turns, and it was through the relationship between the party organizations that Qian Zhuangfei was incorporated into the French Concession Branch of the French South District Committee of the Communist Party of China.
In the second half of 1928, with his own efforts, Qian Zhuangfei was admitted to the Shanghai Radio Administration Office of the Kuomintang. Originally, this radio management office was subordinate to the Kuomintang Government Construction Committee and was a foreign business organization, mainly for foreigners in Shanghai to send and receive international telegrams.
Republic of China Shanghai
However, just as the so-called inadvertent willows were lined up, in 1928, with Chen Lifu, who was the head of the Party Affairs Investigation Section of the Organization Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee, he began to gradually establish a huge secret service system.
In the same year that Qian Zhuangfei was admitted to the Radio Administration, Chen Lifu incorporated the radio administration office, which was originally open to the outside world, into his sphere of influence and installed his cousin Xu Enzeng as the director of the department. As a result, this business establishment was transformed into a secret service of the Kuomintang in Shanghai.
It was also at this time that Xu En had met Qian Zhuangfei, a fellow villager who worked in the Radio Management Office. Xu En was also a native of Huzhou, Zhejiang, and during the Republic of China, fellow villagers were an extremely important relationship, and Chiang Kai-shek was extremely good at using this relationship and operated a huge Zhejiang department within the Kuomintang.
With the blessing of his fellow villagers, coupled with Qian Zhuangfei's shrewdness and erudition, he quickly gained Xu Enzeng's trust. In 1929, after the Radio Department was upgraded to the director of the Shanghai Radio Administration, Qian Zhuangfei became the secretary of the administration and one of Xu Enzeng's most trusted people.
As we all know, Chiang Kai-shek's command consisted of two of the most famous and ferocious secret service organizations—the military command led by Dai Kasa and the slightly lesser-known Central Command.
The head of the military command, Dai Kasa
But in fact, although the reputation of the central unification, which is mainly internal, is slightly smaller, its degree of ferocity is not weaker than that of the military unification. Moreover, because the background of the Central Unification is deeper--backed by Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu, and at the same time, its main task is to deal with the Communist Party of China, the central unification has done much harm to the underground party, not only is it not weaker than that of the military unification, but it is even more so.
At this time, Xu En was one of the actual leaders of the Central Unification. In fact, at this very moment, Xu Enzeng and the Radio Bureau under his command had been given the task of dealing with CCP organizations, especially the underground party. Therefore, from the moment he took office, Xu Enzeng began to carry out crazy sabotage and spying on the underground party organizations of the CCP, including Shanghai.
Therefore, Qian Zhuangfei's location can be described as extremely critical, and it is precisely because of this identity that in November 1929, Qian Zhuangfei met Li Kenong, who was then a member of the propaganda committee of the Shanghai Central District Committee of the Communist Party of China, through Hu Di, and suggested that Li Kenong enter the Radio Administration.
After receiving the approval of the central authorities, Li Kenong smoothly entered the Shanghai Radio Administration and became another member of our party's lurking in the Radio Administration.
Li Kenong
In November 1929, Xu En was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the head of the Party Affairs Investigation Section of the Organization Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee, and his task became clearer, that is, to investigate the underground party organization of the Ccp. As a close confidant of Xu Enzeng, Qian Zhuangfei also naturally participated in the expansion of this secret service organization.
After Qian Zhuangfei reported this news to the party organization, Zhou Enlai, then director of the organization department of the CPC Central Committee and secretary of the Central Military Commission, was very happy, and he said to Qian Zhuangfei: This news is too timely and too important for us.
Therefore, Zhou Enlai gave Qian Zhuangfei, Li Kenong, and Hu Di four major tasks: to collect the enemy's movements, to rescue the arrested revolutionary comrades, to escort the party's leading cadres across the border, and to punish traitors in a timely manner.
It was against this background, using his status as a confidential secretary, that Qian Zhuangfei recommended Li Kenong and Hu Di to Xu Enzeng, and the three of them simultaneously entered the secret service agency dedicated to dealing with the underground party organization of the CCP.
Because the three of them were shrewd and capable, Xu En was very satisfied with the three and began to let them be independent.
At that time, Qian Zhuangfei was sent to Nanjing Zhongzhong Road to start a business called Zhengyuan Industrial Company, of course, this is only a cover, his task is to collect and process intelligence about the Communist Party. Li Kenong was sent to Shanghai to open a communications company, while Hu Di opened a Yangtze River News Agency in Tianjin, responsible for the liaison of secret service organizations in Beiping, Tianjin.
It can be said that all three successfully infiltrated the secret service organization, the predecessor of the Central Unification, and came into contact with a lot of top-secret intelligence, and as Xu Enzeng's close confidant, Qian Zhuangfei's identity is particularly important.
Qian Zhuangfei, who single-handedly controlled the intelligence collection of the Central Unification Secret Service organization on the Communist Party, was able to obtain a large amount of top-secret information about the party organization at the first time, so he avoided the losses and sacrifices of the party organization countless times.
Not only was he credited to the hidden front, Qian Zhuangfei also used his special status in the Kuomintang secret service organization to continuously send military information such as the encirclement and suppression of the Red Army by the Kuomintang army to the Red Army base areas.
For example, from 1930 to 1931, Qian Zhuangfei reported Chiang Kai-shek's military plan for encircling and suppressing the central revolutionary base areas with heavy troops and the corresponding deployment of troops to the Central Soviet Region, thus greatly cooperating with the anti-encirclement and suppression struggle in the Soviet region.
Of course, in order to win the trust of Xu Enzeng, at the same time, Qian Zhuangfei also showed excellent work ability in his daily work. For example, during the Central Plains War, Zhang Xueliang, a young marshal with an army of 300,000, was always the object of Chiang Kai-shek's jealousy.
Therefore, he asked Xu En to send people to the northeast to collect intelligence about the Northeast Army and Zhang Xueliang. This task, Xu Enzeng finally handed over to Qian Zhuangfei. After receiving the task, Qian Zhuangfei not only sent Chen Genggasai, head of the central special section, into the northeast for a trip.
Moreover, after returning from the northeast, Qian Zhuangfei also wrote a report of more than 40,000 words on the situation in the northeast. After this report was handed over to Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek specially approved it: This is an investigation report of flesh and blood and valuable value, and this kind of quality report has not been seen for a long time, and I hope that it will always be available in the future.
Chiang Kai-shek
This instruction from Chiang Kai-shek naturally gave Xu Enzeng great face, and his trust in Qian Zhuangfei also increased further.
However, just as Qian Zhuangfei was lurking more and more deeply in the Kuomintang secret service organization and playing an increasingly important role, on the afternoon of April 25, 1931, things suddenly took a shocking turn.
This day is a weekend, so Xu En, who loves pleasure, is not in the unit, and Qian Zhuangfei is also ready to pack up and leave work. However, just as Qian Zhuangfei was preparing to return home, the telegraph translator suddenly sent a telegram claiming to be 100,000 urgent.
Moreover, such 100,000 urgent telegrams also came several times in succession, and in the face of this sudden abnormal situation, Qian Zhuangfei, who had a wealth of experience, realized that there must be a sudden emergency.
So he quietly stayed in his office and tried his best to finally decipher the telegrams. When the content of the telegram was completely broken, Qian Zhuangfei, who had always been tarzan in front of him, was shocked.
Xu Enzeng
As a brilliant intelligence officer, Qian Zhuangfei was well aware of the threat that Gu Shunzhang's rebellion could pose to the Chinese Communist Party.
Once Gu Shunzhang saw Chiang Kai-shek and revealed to him the information he had, then the central organs in Shanghai would be wiped out, and Shanghai would surely bleed into a river.
Therefore, regardless of his own safety, Qian Zhuangfei immediately asked his son-in-law Liu Qifu, who was also a member of the Communist Party, to go to Shanghai and immediately tell the central government Gu Shunzhang the urgent news of the rebellion.
Therefore, despite the dangers he had already exposed, he personally drove Liu Qifu to the Shimonoseki Railway Station. At noon on April 26, Liu Qifu arrived in Shanghai, and according to the contact code given to him by Qian Zhuangfei, after several twists and turns, he found Zhou Enlai through Li Kenong and told Zhou Enlai the news of Gu Shunzhang's rebellion.
After hearing this news, Zhou Enlai was not in danger, immediately held an emergency meeting, and made 5 measures:
First, the organs of the Central Committee of the Shanghai Party, the organs of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the liaison organs of the Communist International in China were immediately transferred;
Second, all the party members Gu Shunzhang knew moved;
Third, the vast majority of CCP members are not allowed to live in their original houses within half a year, and can be transferred to the countryside as much as possible;
Fourth, the contact method known to Gu Shunzhang was immediately stopped;
Fifth, CCP members should try to have less contact with each other within two months and try not to have any contact.
Due to the extreme urgency of the time, Zhou Enlai made 5 measures and asked them to be conveyed to every branch and every Communist Party member within three hours.
At the same time as Zhou Enlai made emergency arrangements, Qian Zhuangfei arranged several tasks as usual, and then left Nanjing by train that night to arrive in Shanghai. He again reported in detail to Premier Zhou all the information about Gu Shunzhang's rebellion.
On April 27, the day after Qian Zhuangfei left Nanjing, under the designation and command of Gu Shunzhang, a large number of Kuomintang agents began a frenzied search for the locations of various party organizations in Shanghai.
Fortunately, it was precisely because Qian Zhuangfei risked his life to warn in advance that the central organs and a large number of Communist Party members were able to evacuate in time and thus survived.
However, even so, because Gu Shunzhang knew too much about the party organization, the underground transportation network in many parts of the country was even established by him. Therefore, Gu Shunzhang's rebellion still brought huge losses to the Chinese Communist Party.
Due to Gu Shunzhang's rebellion, Qian Zhuangfei had to be exposed, and after leaving the secret service organization, he traveled to many places and eventually reached the Central Soviet Region. In the Central Soviet Region, he successively served as the director of the Military Medical Department of the Three Red Armed Forces, the director of the Political Protection Bureau of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, and the director of the Political Bureau of the Red Army.
In October 1934, after the Central Red Army left the base area to embark on the Long March, Qian Zhuangfei accompanied the army on the Long March, however, in March 1935, when the Red Army crossed the Wujiang River to Reach Xifeng County, Guizhou, due to the bombardment of the enemy, Qian Zhuangfei did not know where to go in the chaos.
At that time, due to the urgency of the situation, accurate information on Qian Zhuangfei's whereabouts could not be obtained. It was not until later that it was clearly investigated that due to the bombing by enemy planes and the fact that Qian Zhuangfei was carrying baggage and suffering from illness, he could not walk and fell behind, and was finally captured by the local reactionaries of the Kuomintang. Because of his indomitable integrity, he was eventually pushed down by the reactionaries for tens of meters and sacrificed.
In 1945, on the eve of the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Qian Zhuangfei was posthumously recognized as a martyr, and Qian Zhuangfei's name was also listed in the "List of Martyrs who Died" compiled and printed by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and the General Political Department of the Central Military Commission.
In September 2009, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China, Qian Zhuangfei was once again named one of the 100 heroic and exemplary figures who made outstanding contributions to the founding of New China.