Text/Canteen
sequence:
After the Rebellion of the Eight Kings, the Western Jin Dynasty was seriously injured.
Jiangshan, was made a lot of chaos,
The world was torn apart.
So without paying attention, Chinese history entered the most chaotic period, without one.
During this darkest 135 years (304-439), every page was "eating people"!
As mentioned above, after the outbreak of the Qi Wannian Rebellion, after Jia Nanfeng moved hundreds of thousands of displaced people from six counties such as Luoyang and Tianshui to Bashu, hundreds of thousands of displaced people honestly went and wanted to settle down in Bashu.
But the Western Jin court would not let it.
The displaced people are on fire, and it is you who called me to Bashu, and now we are going back to wait for death.
As a result, hundreds of thousands of displaced people ran out of tricks and wanted to stay in Bashu.
This is the fundamental contradiction between the displaced people and the Western Jin Dynasty, the contradiction between life and death, and there is no need to talk about it at all.
At this point, there is no way but to fight.
A war between demolition teams and nail households is about to begin.
01
Nail households are strong
In October of the first year of Yongning (301), Yizhou's assassin Shi Luoshang decided to use force and forcefully forced hundreds of thousands of displaced people to move out of Bashu.
At that time, Li Te had already encircled the Bashu displaced people, using Mianzhu as a base to build a barracks, Li Te Town guarded the north camp, Li Liu Town guarded the east camp, armored and strong soldiers, and waited in a strict position.
Soon, Luo Shang sent the overseers Tian Zuo, Guanghan Duwei Zeng Yuan, Yamen Zhang Xian, Liu He, and others to lead 30,000 troops and secretly attacked Li Te's camp.
Apparently, Roshan underestimated the determination of hundreds of thousands of people who wanted to be nails.
After a battle, Roshan's demolition team was defeated, almost the entire army was destroyed, and the nail household won a complete victory.
Li Te played his own prestige, and the Bashu displaced people immediately supported him as the general of Zhenbei and established a political power. Then he attacked Guanghan and then Chengdu, the capital of Yizhou, completely turning Bashu upside down.
However, Chengdu City is high and deep, and Li Te's army of displaced people is a temporary team pulled up, lacking the ability to attack the city, and Chengdu has been unable to attack for a long time.
At this time, the history books have a particularly interesting record:
"Roshanso was greedy and afflicted by the people. Special and Shu people covenant three chapters of the law, charity zhen loans, etiquette and stasis, military and political solemnity, Shu people great joy. ”
Luo Shang is too much of a thing, insatiable, cruel and unkind, the people of Bashu are troubled, and the three chapters of the Li Te Law and the opening of warehouses to help the people have won the hearts of the People of Bashu in one fell swoop.
Seeing that, the people of Bashu did not care whether Li Te was Han or not, as long as they were good to them, they supported him.
Is there a contradiction between the Hu people moving inland and the locals?
Yes! This exists objectively.
But this is nothing compared to the oppression of Western Jin officials.
In today's parlance, the class contradictions in Bashu are greater than the national contradictions.
The reason why the Western Jin Dynasty was chaotic was that the Sima were not good birds, and the local officials at the bottom were not good things, how to exploit the people, how to come.
Only when the people are willing to support such a court can there be ghosts.
Li Te saw this and won the support of the people of Bashu, "Shu people are great joy", and it is not only hundreds of thousands of displaced people who are happy, but the entire Bashu people.
In May of the first year of Tai'an (302), Chengdu had been besieged for more than half a year, and the Western Jin court finally sent reinforcements.
Sima Yong, the king of Hejian, sent troops to rescue Chengdu and garrisoned Zitong;
Guanghan Taishou Zhang Zheng garrisoned Deyang;
Luo Shang also sent troops to garrison Fancheng, forming a circle of encirclement against Li Te's army.
The western Jin dynasty court army has arrived, and if it does not break through this encirclement, the army of displaced people will be finished.
What to do?
Li Texian sent his son Li Dang to attack Zitong, while at the same time he led an army to attack Fancheng.
After the first battle, Fancheng was attacked by Li Te, and Luo Shang had to die in Chengdu.
Just as the so-called tiger father has no dog, at the same time that Li Teqi won the victory, Li Dang was not ambiguous, yangyuan was defeated by the Jin army in the battle, Zi Tong was forced to surrender, and then Li Dang took advantage of the victory to pursue, and then ye Meng.
After a few battles, Li Te's territory expanded again.
He began to promote himself to a higher rank, calling himself a great general, Yizhou Mu, and the military governor of Liang and Yi'er prefectures, and changed his era name to Jianchu.
Uh, it's similar to the title of the dead ghost Zhao Liao.
In August of the same year, Li Te decided to expand the results of the battle to take Deyang and stabilize the situation.
However, Zhang Zheng, who was stationed in Deyang, was a powerful figure, and he could not hold out at first, and then took advantage of Li Te's slackness and attacked the camp in a big way.
This caught Li Te by surprise, and Li Te suffered a big loss and was chased by Zhang Zheng to hold his head and squirm.
At the critical moment, Li Dang came!
He fixed his eyes on it, this fun has become bigger, and his father is about to be beaten to death. He rushed to the rescue and rescued Li Te.
After this encounter, Li Te wanted to retreat, and his men quickly persuaded him to take advantage of the victory to pursue, and indeed conquered Deyang in one battle.
As soon as Zitong, Fancheng, and Deyang were conquered, Li Te broke the encirclement of the Jin army and could concentrate on attacking Chengdu.
What is even better is that at this time, civil unrest broke out in the central part of the Western Jin Dynasty, and the Rebellion of the Eight Kings ushered in another climax.
In December of that year, Sima Yan, the King of Qi, was ousted from power, and the power of the dynasty fell into the hands of Sima Yan, the King of Changsha.
The central government was in such a chaotic situation that the Western Jin court would not be able to take care of the chaos of Bashu for a while and a half.
Li Te took advantage of this opportunity to storm Chengdu, and as long as he took Chengdu, he could control the whole of Bashu.
In the first month of the second year of Tai'an (303), Li Te led an army to attack Chengdu, Shu Commandery Taishou Xu Jian surrendered, Li Te entered Shaocheng, and Luo Shang in Taicheng was already a turtle in an urn.
The situation is very good for Li Te.
Comparison of the situation in 301 (top) and 303 (bottom).
04
You can't be a man
Just when the situation was very good and Chengdu was about to be keke, Li Te was at this time, making mistakes one after another, which reversed the good situation.
First, Little went so far as to agree to Roshan's request for peace, giving Roshan a chance to breathe.
Second, the Army of The Lit's Displaced People was short of food.
There is no way, as soon as the cannon is fired, the gold is ten thousand and two, Bashu has been in chaos for more than two years since the beginning of the Zhao Liao rebellion, and Bashu is the country of heaven, and it cannot afford such a big chaos.
What if there is a shortage of food? The landlord's family still has surplus grain, and the army of displaced people who have no time to produce can only go and grab it.
Li Te ordered that "the displaced people in six counties eat in Zhuwu".
Good fellow, as soon as this order was opened, the army of displaced people began to go out in all directions to collect food.
The style of collecting grain is simple and crude, and if the people's ideological work is not done well, they will rob the door.
It is also common to grab some gold and silver jewelry with a belt, set a fire to burn the house, and hug the Sichuan girl.
History eats people, which is how to eat.
In this way, in the land of Bashu, I don't know how many people have lost their homes because of this.
The contradictions between the people and the displaced people in Shuzhong were once again stimulated, and they rebelled against Li Te's violent behavior.
At this time, Sima Qi, the king of Changsha, temporarily stabilized the situation and sent Shi Zongdai and Jianping Taishou Sun Fu of Jingzhou to lead 30,000 troops to rescue Luo Shang.
As soon as the imperial reinforcements came, Luo Shang also actively carried out self-help work, taking the opportunity to plot against the former Jin generals in Li Te's army, and then instigating the Shu people to rebel against Li Te.
At this point, Little was finished.
In February, Luo Shang and Jingzhou reinforcements launched a counterattack, internal and external, and defeated the displaced people's army in the first battle, Li Te, Li Fu, and Li Yuan were killed in battle, and the displaced people's army suffered heavy losses.
The story of Li Te tells us that don't be a man, Li Te is a wave to death.
05
Tiger father has no dog
After Li Te's death, Li Te's younger brother Li Liu collected the remnants of the defeated generals and retreated to Mianzhu.
The army of displaced people also held two battalions in Mianzhu, one led by Li Liu himself, and the other led by Li De's eldest son Li Dang and second son Li Xiong.
Both are great characters.
Li Dang is brave and invincible, is the most powerful fierce general in the army of displaced people, and there is already a wonderful and eye-catching play in front of him.
Li Xiong did not hesitate to give up, and his political ability was particularly prominent.
The two brothers are quite a bit like Sun Ce and Sun Quan.
It is said that the brothers' mother, Luo Shi, dreamed of two rainbows rising from the doorway to the sky, one of which was disconnected in the middle, and then gave birth to Li Dang.
Later, Luo Shi went to fetch water, and suddenly seemed to be asleep, and dreamed that a large snake was wrapped around her, so she became pregnant, and only gave birth to Li Xiong after fourteen months.
This is definitely a posterity, the old routine.
At this time, the brothers can only fight side by side, hoping to turn the tide.
In March of that year, Luo Shang wanted to take advantage of your illness and ask for your life, and take advantage of the situation to attack Mianzhu.
At this time, the situation of the displaced people's army was very bad, the Jin army was pressing forward step by step, the Shu people were resisting everywhere, and some people within the displaced people defected to the enemy and attacked.
There are great enemies in the front, and there are villains who betray after them, and how to see the army of displaced people is finished.
At the critical moment, Li Liu, Li Xiong, and Li Dang's uncle and nephew fought bloodily, and even Li Dang's mother Luo Shi wore armor.
As soon as Roche went to war, he was greeted by the traitor Kui Bo.
The enemy was extremely red-eyed when they saw each other, and Luo Shi ran to Kui Bo to kill him.
In the first round, Roche suffered a loss, and his eyes were stabbed by Kui Bo.
But Roche did not back down at all, he was more angry, he killed more fiercely, and he was really a hero.
The narrow road meets the brave to win, Luo Shi is a female stream, still so brave, the morale of the displaced army is soaring, and the courage is unstoppable.
After a bloody battle, Luo Shang was repelled, and the army of displaced people took advantage of the counterattack and re-encircled the city of Chengdu, and the two sides launched a cruel tug-of-war in Chengdu.
Unfortunately, during the attack on Chengdu, Li Dang was unfortunately killed.
The city of Chengdu became a fortified city that the army of displaced people could not conquer.
Li Dang's death completely crushed Li Liu's confidence, and the indestructible city of Chengdu made Li Liu despair.
Seeing that the reinforcements of the Western Jin Dynasty are coming, under the internal and external attacks, where will the army of displaced people go?
Under the persuasion of his brother-in-law Li Han, Li Liu decided to surrender, but Li Xiong did not intervene and resolutely opposed surrender, and the two quarreled.
In the end, Li Liu forcibly signed the instrument of surrender as commander-in-chief, and in May of that year, he took his son Li Shi and Li Han's son Li Hu as hostages to the Jingzhou reinforcement Sun Fu.
06
Turn the tide
The surrender of Li Liu and Li Han provoked opposition from Li Xiong and Li Han's other son, Li Li.
Like Li Te, Li Xiong is a lord who is not willing to be subordinated, and a human lord who is even more powerful than Sun Quan.
He immediately found his cousin Li Li, and the two discussed it, and decided to ignore the opinions of his uncle and uncle and resist to the end.
Li Xiong returned to the army, gathered his men and horses, and held a mobilization meeting, and the spirit of the meeting was twofold:
First, we have formed a bloody feud with the people of Shudi, which cannot be dissolved, and once we tie our hands, we will be caught, it is a man-made knife trick, and I am a fish and meat, and the end will not be better.
Second, even if we surrender, we will still have to return to Gansu, and there is still a way to live in that land? Surrender is also a death, it is better to work together to kill Sun Fu, build a Sichuan household registration book, and seize wealth.
The spirit of the meeting won the support of everyone, and everyone was willing to follow Li Xiong to vote for the Sichuan hukou.
Soon, Li Xiong mobilized thousands of elite cavalry and rushed straight to Sun Fu.
Poor Sun Fu had just received Li Liu's surrender letter, thinking that saving Shu was complete, and he knew that Li Xiong would launch a sneak attack.
He was not at all defenseless, caught off guard, and fled.
It just so happened that the commander Zong Dai died of illness in Matjiang, and the Jingzhou reinforcements had to fight back to the capital.
Li Xiong returned with victory and solved the crisis of the army of displaced people in one fell swoop.
Li Liu understood at this time that his nephew was not an ordinary person, and it was this boy who would revitalize the Li family in the future, and it was time for young people to break into their careers if they did not obey the old.
Li Liu immediately handed over all the military power of the army of displaced people to Li Xiong, and Li Xiong became the new spokesman of the army of displaced people.
Li Xiong, a newcomer and a new atmosphere and a strong enterprising spirit, has a different mental outlook as soon as he takes office.
In June of that year, Li Xiong attacked and killed Chen Tu of Wenshan taishou and captured Picheng.
After this great battle, Shuzhong was reduced to scorched earth, and countless deaths and injuries were inflicted.
At that time, "the Shu people were all insured, or entered Ningzhou in the south, or went down to Jingzhou in the east." The city is empty, the wilderness is smokeless, the plunderers have no gain, and the soldiers are hungry. ”
The vast kingdom of Tianfu, only the Fuling area, is quite rich, and it is the only remaining large granary in the chaotic Bashu region.
At that time, Xu You, a native of Fuling, discovered the value of this place and asked Luo Shang to appoint him as the Taishou of Wenshan, and then to win over a local Hao old Daoist monk, Fan Changsheng, and then use Fuling as a base to kill Li Liu.
As a result, Luo Shang actually refused to give Xu Shang a promotion, and you dare to promote me to an official.
In a fit of rage, Xu Yu turned to Fan Changsheng and surrendered to Li Liu and Li Xiong as the general of Anxi.
Well, Xu You and Fan Changsheng were Han Chinese of the Eight Classics of Zheng'er, authentic Sichuan people, and they thus turned to Li Xiong.
Facts have proved that the surrender of the two is the key to Li Xiong's success.
Xu You is a master of governing geography and politics, and with Xu You, Li Xiong can stabilize the rear, like a tiger adding wings, which is equivalent to having his own Xiao He;
Fan Changsheng was a missionary of the Heavenly Master Dao, very influential in Shuzhong, and with Fan Changsheng, Li Xiong could obtain the support of the largest religion, the Heavenly Master Dao, through Fan Changsheng, which was equivalent to having his own guoshi.
It is a pity that such a great talent did not have a day in the Western Jin Dynasty court.
Under the administration of Xu You, Fuling became the most reliable granary of the displaced people's army, solving the biggest problems that plagued the displaced people's army in one fell swoop.
The biggest fate that plagued the army of displaced people was resolutely determined, "the army of exile was revived", its strength soared, it turned from danger to safety, and there was no longer any worries about the future.
The appearance of Fan Changsheng allowed the army of displaced people to successfully put on the cloak of religion and better integrate into Shuzhong.
This is the Wolong Phoenix Chick, and it is really happy to descend from heaven.
07
A godsend
But to be honest, although with the support of Xu Yu and Fan Changsheng, the strength of the army of displaced people has increased greatly, but it is still not an opponent of the Western Jin Dynasty.
The Western Jin Dynasty had three advantages:
First, Chengdu has not yet been taken by the army of displaced people;
Second, reinforcements can be mobilized from Jingzhou;
Third, it is possible to send troops from Guanzhong to suppress the army of displaced people.
However, the Western Jin Dynasty really played a good hand of cards.
First look at Chengdu.
Luo Shang of Chengdu City has become a bird of fright, and he does not dare to move at all, he can only trap Chengdu, and can only passively wait for reinforcements.
The second is Jingzhou.
In the Jingzhou region, under the rule of Sima Xin, the king of Xinye, the people's resentment boiled over.
At this time, in order to extinguish Li Xiong, Sima Qi once again transferred troops from Jingzhou into Sichuan to fight, and the people of Jingzhou did not want to leave their hometown to fight in Bashu.
Sima Qi was in a hurry, and hastened to issue an edict urging the Jingzhou region to send troops, and the counties he went to could only stay for five days, and when the time came, the officials were dismissed.
Therefore, in order to keep the hats, the magistrates drove the people into the sichuan to fight.
In this way, the people of Jingzhou were unstable, and they gave the conspirators a chance.
There was a barbarian named Zhang Chang in the reinforcements in Izukawa, who was a Pingshan county official, but he had already fallen into the grass and gathered thousands of people and horses.
In 303, Zhang Chang attacked the counties of Jiangnan
He pretended to be an army that had been ordered to enter Sichuan to suppress the rebellion, and went around flaunting and deceiving, calling himself the "Noon Soldier."
The people of Jingzhou were in turmoil, and he saw the opportunity and decided to do a big vote - rebellion!
He first changed his name to Li Chen, claiming that he was a god and immortal who saved all the people, and then divided Anlu and officially ripped off the anti-flag.
Soon Zhang Chang captured jiangxia, a major town in Jingzhou, and he changed his name to Liu Ni, saying that he was a descendant of the emperor of the Han Dynasty and established a political power in a dignified manner.
Soon, Zhang Chang, whose surname was Liu and Li and Zhang, attacked Fancheng and beheaded Sima Xin.
For a time, the Jingzhou area was in chaos, and most of the five prefectures under the jurisdiction of Jing, Jiang, Xu, Yang, and Yu were occupied by Zhang Chang.
Although this rebellion was put down by Tao Kan, a general under Liu Hong of jingzhou, after this incident, Jingzhou was completely chaotic, and it was impossible to take care of itself and could not mobilize troops into Sichuan to quell the rebellion.
Sima Qi was dumbfounded, pressed the gourd and raised the scoop, Yizhou has not yet been done, Jingzhou is chaotic again, this is the whole thing.
Finally, there is Guanzhong.
Guanzhong was the territory of Sima Yong, the king of Hejian, and Sima Yong had many generals, and if he really sent troops into Sichuan, Li Xiong estimated that he would be doomed.
However, Sima Yong did not care about the Bashu rebellion at all, and his eyes only stared at Luoyang.
In August of that year, he joined forces with Sima Ying, the king of Chengdu, to jointly attack Sima Qi, the king of Changsha.
The Rebellion of the Eight Kings broke out into a great war, which lasted until the first month of the following year, ending with sima Qi's killing.
Sima Yong, Sima Ying, and Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea, were busy dividing the central powers, and who had the energy to manage Li Xiong of Bashu?
08
Promised Land
In this way, Li Xiong no longer has any worries.
In September of that year, Li Liu died of illness, and Li Xiong completely took over as the governor of Dadu, the great general, and the pastor of Yizhou, with Picheng as the seat of governance.
Soon, Li Xiong repelled Luo Shang's last attack, and his soldiers quickly launched a counterattack to capture The City of Shaocheng in Chengdu, and at the same time ordered his uncle Li Jun to attack Qianwei and cut off Luo Shang's grain route.
The situation had developed so far that the blind man knew that Chengdu could not hold on.
Sure enough, in December of this leap year, the lonely Andromed Roshan slipped away.
Li Xiong finally conquered Chengdu and completely occupied the entire territory of Bashu.
In October of the first year of Yongxing (304), Li Xiong established himself as king in Chengdu, changed yuan jianxing, pardoned Bashu, removed the Jin law, and settled people's minds.
After more than four years of hard work, more than 100,000 displaced people finally got their wish to obtain the Sichuan hukou, and they became the people of a new regime like the Shu people.
And the original people of Bashu were not very resistant to the new regime established by the Yu people.
The hatred of the common people comes and goes quickly, and the one who remembers the revenge dies early, and the remaining living people only hope to live well.
As long as Li Xiong is good to them and can make them live, the hatred before is nothing, and this is how Chinese history came about.
Moreover, after Li Xiong established the political power, he was very clever and did one of the most important and wise things.
Li Xiong was called queen, and the old Taoist fan Changsheng came to Chengdu in a vegetarian car, the shelf was not large, the fairy wind Dao bone, but it was very versatile.
Li Xiong personally greeted him, eager to call Fan Changsheng a kissing father, a middle father or something.
Then he made Fan Changsheng a chancellor, honored Fan Xian, and gave him the fullest amount of food.
Fan Changsheng returned the favor to Li, and in the third year of Jianxing (306, the first year of the Western Jin Dynasty), Fan Changsheng persuaded Li Xiong to claim the title of emperor, change the era name YanPing, and establish the state name Dacheng.
Map of the situation in 306 AD
In fact, Fan Changsheng knew why Li Xiong was so kind to himself, and the answer was only three words--Heavenly Master Dao.
Tianshi Dao was not only the largest religion in Bashu at that time, but also the largest religion in the country, with believers all over the world.
Obviously, Li Xiong wanted to continue to gain the support of the Heavenly Master Dao.
Fan Changsheng gladly agreed and quickly reached an alliance with Li Xiong.
Fan Changsheng supported Li Xiong's rule in Sichuan on behalf of Tianshi Dao, and Li Xiong revered Tianshi Dao as the state religion.
In the emerging Dacheng state, the political power was controlled by Li Xiong, and the religious power was controlled by Fan Changsheng, and both sides took what they needed.
The old men of Sanqing and their disciples and disciples were more realistic than the common people, and they didn't care whether Li Xiong was of the Yu or Han ethnic groups, all they wanted was incense.
With the support of The Heavenly Master Dao, Dacheng guoshi achieved more with half the effort, and naturally completely stabilized his foothold in the Battle of Bashu.
Li Xiong was actually a good emperor, and he reigned for thirty-one years.
He didn't have much ambition, he didn't have any ideas about the Central Plains, he wanted to guard his acres and three-quarters of land in Sichuan, others didn't provoke him, he didn't provoke others.
During Li Xiong's reign, under the influence of Fan Changsheng's religious tenet of "purifying one's heart and widowhood, respecting heaven and loving the people," he raised the people at home, recruited from the outside, leniently punished and simplified administration, and lightly gave small gifts.
Under his rule, the people of Bashu were quite supportive of Li Xiong.
The history books praise:
"It is the chaos of the times and the peace of Shu, the years and valleys are ripe, the door is not closed, and the road is not left behind."
This is the best evaluation of Li Xiong, the people of Bashu because Li Xiong obtained a peaceful place in the chaotic world;
Not only that, after the great chaos in the Central Plains, there were many people who defected to Chenghan, and the strength of Chenghan increased greatly, and Shuzhong became a happy land in the chaotic world.
In the fourth year (338) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Emperor Xiankang changed the name of the state to Han, so the history books were called "Chenghan".
In this way, chenghan, the first state of the sixteen countries, was formally established.
But what cannot be ignored is that this promised land itself is built on a white bone.
History is so helpless and cannibalistic.
A hukou actually triggered two rebellions in Bashu, directly opening the prelude to the Wuhu Chaohua.
Next, who is the five-bearded tyrant who debuted and continued to eat people?
The next issue continues.