Author: We invited the author canteen
Foreword: Now when it comes to the Song-Xia War during the Song Renzong period, many people only remember the three fiascos of the Song army - the Battle of Sanchuankou, the Battle of Haoshuichuan, and the Battle of Dingchuan Village. Even Baidu Encyclopedia said so, it seems that in the Song and Xia Wars, the Song army has been defeated miserably, and the Song army is in ruins, which has led to a famous sentence - the Northern Song Dynasty has no generals.
However, if the Northern Song Dynasty had no generals, why did Li Yuanhao negotiate peace with the Song Dynasty?
Because there was a rare world-famous general in the past, who came out of nowhere and gave Li Yuanhao a blow, this person was not Di Qing, nor Fan Zhongyun but Zhang Kang, a name that most people had never heard of.
First, zhuge liang in advance
Zhang Kang (張亢), courtesy name Gongshou, was a native of present-day Heze, Shandong. He came from a humble background, because he looked like Zhang Quanyi, a famous general of the fifth generation, so after he thought that Zhang Quanyi was true or false, he had to ask his father. Although Zhang Kang was not born well, he was a jinshi in the second year of Tianxi (1018), and his brother Zhang Kui and Zhang Kui's son Zhang Tao were both jinshi.
Di Qing's most lacking in this jinshi origin, Zhang Kang's family has three generations, and he can't envy it. That is to say, Zhang Kang is actually a civilian official. However, Zhang Kang's jinshi is obviously different from ordinary jinshi, he is not good at poetry, and there is no poetry famous piece passed down.
The article is also written in general, and he has written a lot of sonatas that are not very colorful. Unlike most literati at that time, Zhang Kang looked very fat, and his temperament was also very rough and bold. It can be called an alternative among the literati, and it is somewhat similar to Su Shi, but there is no Su Shi's literary talent.
Such a figure and personality is simply tailor-made for military generals. After Zhang Kangzhong entered the army, he began to start from the local area, successively serving as a judge of the Guang'an Army and an official of Ying Tianfu (應天府, in modern Shangqiu, Henan). The political performance was quite good, and during the term of office of the Ying Tianfu Governor, he managed the Baisha and Shiliang Erqu, and had the reputation of "the people have no flooding".
If he follows this trajectory, Zhang Kang should become an excellent magistrate like his brother and nephew, and if he is lucky, he may even become a Zai deacon. Unfortunately, fate played a joke on him and made him start to move closer to the warrior. During the Heavenly Holy Year, Zhang Kang was transferred to the Zhenrong Army, the official was still a civilian official, but the ground was close to the front line, and the Zhenrong Army was the military town on the battlefield of Song and Xia.
However, at that time, the leader of the party was Li Deming, and the Song Dynasty and the party members had not yet engaged in the war, basically maintaining peace. In the tenth year of Tiansheng (1032), Li Deming died of illness and was succeeded by his son Li Yuanhao. At that time, Zhang Kang's keen sense was that things were changing.
Therefore, he went to the imperial court and gave an early warning: "His son Yuan Haoxi is bound to be difficult to control, and it is advisable to guard the border urgently." Then he connected dozens of recitals and proposed to the imperial court a plan to attack and defend the northwest. From the two strategies of attack and defense in the Song and Xia Wars, to the quality of soldiers, the dispatch of soldiers and horses, all aspects, everything is available.
From this point of view, Zhang Kang was the first person to warn of the Song and Xia wars, and he was Zhuge Liang in advance. Unfortunately, he was humble and light-hearted, and the court did not believe him. When his sonata drifted into Kaifeng City like a snowflake, the Zaizhi were annoyed! Who do you think you are! A small general judgment is just that, why is it so open-minded and endless? Where cool to stay and go! It happened that his mother died at this time, and the imperial court seized the great opportunity to let him go to the funeral of filial piety.
The Zaijue found that it was finally quiet, and the best way to solve the problem was to silence the person who asked the question!
This is really a good idea, Zhang Kang finally stopped arguing, his early warning could not be stopped, well, the Song Dynasty also lost an opportunity to take precautions in advance. This is quite normal, zhuge liang's words before the event did not believe much, and then after yan A bone beating, Nurhaci is the same, still some people say that they will do things, still no one believes.
In the first year of JingYou (1034), as Zhang Kang expected, Li Yuanhao began to make trouble.
In the first month of that year, Li Yuanhao led his troops to attack Fuzhou, followed by Xiazhou, and actively prepared all the matters of establishing the country and becoming emperor, and also called himself Wuzu, giving the Song Dynasty a disgusting name. But this will make Song busy, because at this time Song Renzong is deposing Empress Guo and has no time to pay attention to Li Yuanhao.
At this time, the good brothers of the Song Dynasty, the Khitans, gathered heavy troops in Youzhou, which caused a high degree of tension in the Song Dynasty. Please be sure to believe that the Song Dynasty's fear of the Liao State is deep in the marrow, and the khitan people's little wind and grass will arouse the Great Attention of the Song Dynasty!
Therefore, Zhang Kang, who was serving as a tuntian member at this time, was transferred to the position of envoy to Rujing and Zhi'an Sujun because of his previous foresight.
Well, you're such a cow, go deal with the Khitans. Ru Jing is already a military attaché through and through!
Zhang Kang actually mixed into a martial general! It should be known that at this time, the Song Dynasty's chongwen and suppression of martial arts was very powerful, and most people were very resistant to the transfer of civilian officials to military attachés. But Zhang Kang gladly took office, perhaps the martial general was his fate. As soon as Zhang Kang took office, he immediately told the imperial court, "The Liao people enjoy a lot of gold and money for many years, and they are afraid of China's seeing and cutting, and they are particularly open to their ears, not in fact." "Official, don't be afraid, the Khitan brothers are joking with you, it's all right." Everything turned out as Zhang Kang expected. So Zhang Kang stayed peacefully in Hebei for four years.
In the first year of Baoyuan (1038), Li Yuanhao declared himself emperor and officially established Western Xia, and it was already obvious what he would do next.
The imperial court immediately transferred the three divisions to make Xia Li the envoy of Fengning Jiedushi and Zhiyongxingjun, and Fan Yong of Zhihenan Province to be the envoy of Zhenwu Jiedushi and Zhiyan prefecture. The Song-Xia War was on the verge of breaking out. It was at this time that Zhang Kang was transferred from Hebei to the northwest, embarked on the anti-Xia front, transferred from Chungju to Yanzhou, and then from Yanzhou to Yanzhou, from Zhizhou, Tongju and other civilian officials to Yanyan Road.
Yes, Zhang Kang was able to wear the military general's hat tightly. And Zhang Kang's boss was none other than Fan Zhongyan, who was in charge of Yan Yanlu. This was the first time that Zhang Kang and Fan Zhongyan worked together, and Zhang Kang became Fan Zhongyan's favorite love general.
However, Fan Zhongyan and the Zhang family had a good relationship, and Zhang Tao,Zhang Tao,the nephew of Zhang Kang, had a good relationship with Fan Zhongyan. To say that Zhang Kang is not Fan Zhongyun's henchmen who believe ah.
As soon as Zhang Kang took office, he immediately wrote to the imperial court, pointing out the weaknesses of the Song army and proposing to reform the military system.
Here are three:
First, there are too many deployments, jurisdiction, and capital supervision of various roads, the command power is scattered, and the imperial court must restore the old system, just like before, there are two or three on the line, and now there are more than ten, how to fight this battle?
Secondly, the previous defeat was all due to the fact that the generals were fighting separately, and now they have to change and act in unison.
Third, the imperial court had to let ordinary soldiers on the front line have a way to advance, especially archers, to promote their officers, give them money, and mobilize their enthusiasm!
The hero's vision is slightly the same, Zhang Kang's proposition is basically the same as Fan Zhongyan's, each of which is a needle in the needle, which can effectively improve the combat effectiveness of the Song army.
2. The Lonely Magician
In the first year of the Qing calendar (1041), Li Yuanhao, after winning the victory at the Battle of Haoshuichuan, turned his gun and attacked Hedong Road. First hit Lin and Fu Erzhou.
In August of that year, the imperial court sent Yan Yan to deploy Xu Huaide, Zhang Kang, and others to aid Lin and Fu. As a result, Lin and Fu Prefectures were saved, but Fengzhou fell. As soon as Fengzhou fell, Hedong Road was all rotten, Lin, Fu, and Feng were cut off, and there was a shortage of materials, and Sooner or later Lin and Fu Prefectures would fall. At that time, the Northern Song Court was desperate and even deliberately gave up! "The imperial court agreed to abandon the outside of the river, defend the German army, and take the river as the boundary." At this critical moment, Zhang Kang stepped forward, single-handedly took office and assumed the jurisdiction of the capital, managing the affairs of The Jurchen and the prefectural army.
Zhang Kang was really alone this time, he was really a person without a belt, he went deep into the dangerous situation and became the highest military commander in Lin, Fu, and Fengyi! "Kang Shan rode the city of Fuzhou, and the door could not be opened." Kang Yue: "My new army horse also." "Out of the city."
Such a dismal inauguration ceremony is rare in ancient and modern times! Such a cold appearance is rare in the past! But it does not prevent Zhang Kang from staging a wonderful drama, and the hero appears on the scene, which is the most popular way for a hero to appear! Soon, Zhang Kang issued the first order: the whole city of Fuzhou would take the soldiers out of the city, build Dongsheng Fort in the east, Build Anding Fort in the north, and build the Golden Castle in the north; the folding army in Zhenshou Prefecture should not stick to the city and go out at any time to protect the material residents.
In this way, the people of Fuzhou City are immediately stable! At this time, Zhang Kang began to perform a magic again, a magic that Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi and countless other famous generals could not do!
This magic step is as follows:
Recruit on the spot first! Recruit local residents as soldiers! Organize a border army! In this place of Lin Province, there are many heroes and good men, and this is a place where you can raise the Yang family general and the folding family army! Then Zhang Kang ordered that this border army should not stay in the city, there were folding family troops in the city, and there were a large number of forbidden troops, and there was no need for you.
If you don't stay in the city, where to go? Zhang Kang said, casually, within a hundred miles, where do you love to go! As long as you can bring me the head of a thief, what do you want to give, you want to be an official, you want money to give money. At this time, never use anything to defend the country to fool these people, the only thing that can impress them is the benefits in hand!
You have to give them a woman of white flowers, and they can call you daddy, and you want to give them a box of silver with white flowers, and they can be born and die for you. There will be brave men under the heavy reward, and this is the truth, so these border people are crazy! Killing western thieves is not simple, the Western Xia people in the military camp are not easy to mess with, what about those who are left alone?
So the People of Western Xia panicked, as long as they fell alone, no matter where they were, there would be more bows and arrows shooting from all directions, no matter where they were, the head would have to say goodbye to the neck at any time! Then the border people carried the heads of the Western Xia people back to the city to ask for a reward, Zhang Kang did what he said, gave money on the spot, and even took off his clothes to the brave man with the most heads on his hands!
In this way, the enthusiasm of the border people was mobilized, and having money could make the ghosts grind, and having money could make the unruly good men become the devils of the Western Xia people, and the Western Xia army fell into the ocean of the border people. But in this way, there is a question, where did Zhang Kang's reward come from? Where else can it come from, of course, is corruption! Therefore, at the beginning of Zhang Kang's tenure, the accounts of the official treasury were not clear, and a lot of money was missing...
At this time, Zhang Kang's magic continued.
As soon as the border people were rewarded, the forbidden soldiers in the city were red-eyed, they were regular troops, but Zhang Kang did not use them, they could only watch a group of dirt buns receive the reward, and the soldiers could not be humiliated, which was worse than killing them. So they plucked up their courage, found Zhang Kang, and asked, "Do I care about the other side?" "Are we inferior to them?"
Zhang Kang did not answer, he smiled, and instead ordered that the newly formed border army, drinking and gambling, visiting the Qinglou, playing with women (uh, playing with women's things, the history books are not written, I made it up)! In short, how happy how to come! What makes men happy, how to do it! When the Forbidden Soldiers saw it, their eyeballs fell to the ground!
At this time, Zhang Kang came out and said to them: You also want to be happy and happy? , who wouldn't want it! The three pleasures of being a soldier are also the three major things that military law prohibits - drinking, gambling, and playing with women! Zhang Kang said, simple, as long as you can take down the Liuli Castle! You can play like that too! Liuli Fort is the military material concentration place established by Li Yuanhao for a long-term siege of Hedong.
The materials are abundant and the garrison is tight, and it is also the place where the seven inches of the Western Xia army are located! But at this time, the forbidden army masters who had already been overwhelmed by Fira did not care. Heavily fortified? If you are afraid of death, you should not be a soldier! The fate of the Western Xia army? We're just a creep, shut us up! Abundant supplies? This one can have! Once again, please don't suddenly the magic of money! Soldiers love this!
So Zhang Kang's magic worked, and the Forbidden Army went crazy! The waste of the Forbidden Army, which caused countless people headaches, exploded with amazing combat power!
Third, turn the tide
Soon, Zhang Kang raised troops overnight and led the forbidden army to attack Liuli Fort at night! The Great Victory of Glass Castle comes from this! Then Zhang Kang built a new Xuanwei Fortress near Butuogou on the only way for Western Xia to attack Fuzhou, stopping the Western Xia army! The siege of Fushu Castle was lifted! Then Zhang Kang led his troops to rescue Linzhou City! At this time, Linzhou City has reached the level of "one or two gold for a cup of water"!
Therefore, in May of the second year of the Qing calendar (1042), Zhang Kang (who was transferred to the jurisdiction of Gaoyang Guanju at this time) personally escorted the supplies on the road to open a life-and-death passage between the two states of Lin and Fu.
Along the way, the fighting did not stop, and every step forward had to dye the clothes on his body red, have his own blood, and have the blood of the Western Xia people! Finally, Zhang Kang walked to Bai Zizhong, and he stopped! Because Li Yuanhao's army in front of them is waiting for them! The situation of the Battle of Sanchuankou and Haoshuichuan once again befell Zhang Kang's head.
Zhang Kang said generously and bluntly: "I am waiting for myself to fall to the ground." The former fight is born, otherwise, it will be slaughtered by thieves! "This situation in history is called the land of death and rebirth, called the broken pot and sinking the boat! Zhang Kang's soldiers, not afraid, followed Zhang Kang and prepared to start fighting!
Maybe Zhang Kang's courage touched the Lord, just when the Song army was preparing to charge the front, suddenly the wind was fierce, flying sand and stones, and more importantly, this time the wind and sand blew towards the Western Xia army. So the Song army fought with the wind and defeated the Western Xia army in one fell swoop!
This is the Great Victory of Bai Zi Zhao! Then, Zhang Kang continued to move forward, and the Song troops who rushed to the aid of the surrounding areas were also rapidly moving closer to Zhang Kang.
In this way, Zhang Kang's men drew together a large army, mainly the Forbidden Army, one of which was the Tiger Wing Army, one was the Wansheng Army, and there was also the Folding Family Army led by Zhang Qi. At this time, the Song army faced a very dangerous situation, and the Western Xia people most wanted the situation - field warfare! If the Song army wants to continue to move forward to rescue Linzhou, it must fight with the Western Xia army!
Faced with such a situation, Li Yuanhao, acting very cautiously and just right, on the one hand, with a small number of cavalry has been harassing, so that the Song army near Baizizhan feels pressure and threat; on the other hand, it does not scare them back to the state city, speeding up the convergence of the Song army. At the same time, it stepped up its onslaught on Linzhou. Li Yuanhao's ultimate goal was to annihilate Zhang Kang's army in one fell swoop in the open area! The location is in Buomai River! Rabbit Maochuan, before that, the fierce generals Zhang Qi and Wang Ji of the Folding Family Army had already fought a big battle here, and at this time they were going to die with the Western Xia army here. No way, the Rabbit Hair River is the only way from Fuzhou to Linzhou. In the face of Li Yuanhao's elaborate trap, Zhang Kang's best way is to turn around and meet the prefecture, but the exhausted Linzhou is definitely finished! Zhang Kang did not think much about it, and directly led his troops to continue to advance, and the two armies of Song and Xia met at the narrow road of Tumao river. Before the battle began, Zhang Kang had the banners of the Wansheng Army and the Tiger Wing Army erected, while the Folding Family Army led by Zhang Qi did not show up and lay in ambush. The Western Xia army smiled as soon as it saw the two military flags, and they knew what virtue the forbidden army of the Great Song Dynasty was. It's all soft persimmons. Among them, the Wansheng Army is even worse.
Persimmons want to pick a soft pinch, and the Western Xia people concentrate their firepower and attack the Wansheng army.
As a result, the Western Xia people suddenly found that this persimmon was not soft, and after Zhang Kang's magical baptism, the forbidden army masters had become a fine army, and this forbidden army was not a victorious army, but a more elite tiger wing army. As a result, the two armies fell into a fierce battle. At this time, during the Song and Xia Wars of the Renzong Dynasty, Zhang Qi, who was the most courageous, led the ambush troops to rush out! Then there was no then, Zhang Kang won the Rabbit MaoChuan Victory! Then Zhang Kang repaired the five villages and opened up the passage between Linzhou and Fuzhou in one fell swoop. At the same time, Li Yuanhao, who was besieging Linzhou, was deceived by Miao Jixuan of Linzhou, thinking that there was water in Linzhou, so he withdrew his troops. In this way, Zhang Kang turned the tide, saved Linzhou and Fuzhou, and saved Hedong Road. The "History of Song" praised him: "Zhang Kangqi Confucian Sheng, Xiao Taoluo, LiuLiBao, Rabbit MaoChuan Jie, good and happy." How magnificent it is that the name of the scholar is so magnificent! "How rare is it to get the brave and warlike Mongols to give such a high evaluation?" What kind of feats Zhang Kang has made!
Zhang Kang almost single-handedly completed the unfinished task! How many such famous people have been throughout the ages? Northern Song Dynasty general? Zhang Kang was the first not to agree! Did the Song Dynasty have no wise generals? Is there no soldier without martial courage? No, they just lack a space to show their talents, just lack some fair treatment! What the civil officials and emperors of the Song Dynasty did not give at the beginning, after a thousand years, we, the readers of history, should know the power of Zhang Kang. The canteen is not talented, I would like to use this article to make a name for Zhang Kang and to justify the name of the military general of the Song Dynasty!
References: "History of the Song Dynasty", "Zizhi TongJianchang Editor", Han Qi, "The Former Guest Province Makes Meizhou Defense Envoy To SuiZhou Observation Envoy Zhang Cemetery Inscription and Preface" Chen Feng "The Role and Destination of the Confucian Generals of the Song Dynasty"
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