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Sanxiang Metropolis Daily Xinhunan client reporter Li Chenghui Correspondent Lei Shuyao Chen Kaijun Video Wang Jue
More than 38,500 species worldwide are threatened with extinction. If they are allowed to go extinct, many seemingly unrelated populations will also face extinction. Biodiversity is lost, ecosystems are degraded, and human survival and development pose significant risks.
Human beings have gradually realized the importance of biodiversity, and the protection of biodiversity has also begun to exert efforts. From 11 to 15 October, the first phase of the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity was held in Kunming, Yunnan. The Kunming Declaration demonstrates the determination of all parties to conserve biodiversity.
As the most valuable ecological function area in the same latitude of the world, Hunan has bred extremely rich biodiversity with its special geographical location, diverse topography and good climatic conditions.
In terms of biodiversity conservation, Hunan can be said to have spared no effort. In recent years, the province has scientifically compiled land spatial planning, strictly delineated the red line of ecological protection; carried out pollution prevention and control battles, implemented the protection projects of Dongting Lake and The Xiangjiang River Basin; solidly rectified various ecological and environmental problems such as the central environmental protection inspector and the Yangtze River Economic Belt; steadily promoted the construction of the natural protected area system; and implemented the three-year action of banning forest logging and reducing logging...
Meritorious service is not worth donating. By the end of 2020, there were 1045 species of vertebrates in the province, accounting for 22.1% of the country; there were 6186 species of vascular plants (including subspecific grades), accounting for 18% of the country. It is heartening that in the 14 years from 2006 to 2020, 91 new species of animals and plants have been discovered in the province.
Every life is not small, every life cannot be ignored, and every life is irreplaceable.
They are all incomparably precious beings, and they are also vivid examples of the good status of biodiversity in Hunan.
Have you ever seen them?
Today, the Hunan Provincial Forestry Bureau and the Sanxiang Metropolis Daily released the "Atlas of Wild Animals and Plants in Hunan", inviting you to enjoy a "party" of wild animals and plants in Huxiang.
179 species of rare animals sprinkle Huan Hunan
Wild animals are the "barometer" of the quality of the ecological environment, and the changes in the number of wild animal populations reflect the changes in the ecological environment.
Hunan is a province with extremely rich wildlife resources. By the end of 2020, 1,045 species of vertebrates had been recorded in the province, accounting for 22.1% of the country.
The province has recorded 179 species of wild animals under national key protection, including 41 species of wild animals under national key protection, such as South China tiger, forest musk deer, elk, Yangtze River porpoise, Chinese autumn sand duck, yellow-bellied horned pheasant, white-necked long-tailed pheasant, Mangshan soldering iron-headed snake, hanging mountain salamander, golden-spotted beaked phoenix butterfly, etc., and 138 species of wild animals under national second-level key protection include black bears, macaques, small white-fronted geese, mandarin ducks, red-bellied golden pheasants, yellow-rimmed closed-shelled turtles, giant salamanders, tiger striped frogs, rouge fish, and Chinese tiger phoenix butterflies.
In recent years, through in situ conservation, the population of key rare and endangered species has been gradually restored. In the Mangshan National Nature Reserve, the population of the Mangshan soldering iron-headed snake, a national first-level key protected wild animal, has now recovered to more than 500 after experiencing the blow of the 2008 ice disaster; in 2020, the number of Chinese tiger butterflies in the National Secondary Key Protection Wild Animals of Wuyunjie National Nature Reserve reached more than 1,000, becoming one of the largest concentrated distribution areas of Chinese tiger butterflies in China.
It is worth mentioning that according to the statistics from 2006 to 2020, our province has also found 24 new species of terrestrial vertebrates, including 21 amphibians, 2 reptiles, and 1 mammal.
If you can understand the language of animals, you will find that there are unique concerts staged every day on the land of Huxiang, and their sounds are like natural sounds.
lesser white-fronted goose
Winter migratory birds, which are national second-level key protected wild animals, breed in the Arctic tundra belt. The open wetlands of Dongting Lake are rich in moss, aquatic grasses and fish, which are particularly suitable for their survival.
Red-billed acacia bird
Hunan provincial bird, widely distributed in the middle and high altitude mountainous areas of Hunan. The high-altitude shrubland in Tai Wai Mountain is the best breeding habitat for the red-billed acacia bird in the province.
Chinese tiger butterfly
A wild rare butterfly endemic to China, its origin is older than that of "ape man", known as "living fossil". Because of the black and yellow stripes on its wings, it resembles tiger skin, so it is named Tiger Butterfly. Located in the south of Taoyuan County, Hunan Province, Wuyunjie National Nature Reserve is one of the "base camps" of Chinese tiger butterflies, with a stable population of more than 1,000, becoming one of the areas with the largest population of Chinese tiger butterflies in China.
elk
Wildlife under national key protection at the national level. A rare animal in the world, belonging to the deer family. Because its head resembles a horse, its horns resemble a deer, its hooves resemble an ox, and its tail resembles a donkey, it is named "Four Unlike". According to statistics, there are more than 210 elk in Dongting Lake, becoming the largest naturally rewilded population in China.
Chinese Autumn Sand Duck
National first-level key protected wild animals, one of the few northern species left over from the Tertiary glacial period, living fossils in birds, rare birds of Chinese specialty, known as "national duck" and "giant panda among birds". Since the first recording of the Chinese autumn sand duck in 2008 in 2008, the Chinese autumn sand duck has overwintered here every year, and the number of wintering populations has reached more than 100 in recent years.
South China Tiger
The national key protected wild animals, a subspecies of tiger endemic to China, are also one of the top ten endangered animals in China, mainly living in the central and southern regions of China. There are currently only 221 captive breeds in zoos in the world. On March 20, 2019, Changsha Ecological Zoo successfully bred three South China tigers for the first time, which is also the first time in the history of Hunan to artificially expand the population of South China tigers, and four more twins were born on May 21, 2020.
Bottle of bass
New species of fish. In 2007, the Hu bottle mountain national nature reserve was collected during the monitoring of fish resources, and was named "hu bottle mountain bass" ([zhào]) according to the principle of naming the place of discovery.
Mangshan soldering iron-headed snake
It is cold and toxic. Almost the entire family lives in Mangshan, Hunan, and only some distant relatives are in Guangdong. Because of its extreme scarcity, it is also known as the "giant panda of snakes".
Anti-billed sandpiper
Water bird, one of the protagonists of "Sandpiper-Mussel Scramble". During the cold tide, a large number of cold air comes to Dongting Lake. Bird photography enthusiasts in Hunan have a consensus that the best place to shoot anti-billed sandpipers in China is the Haohe Wetland in East Dongting Lake.
black bear
National second-level key protected animals, this year, Hunan Nanshan National Park Administration Jintong Mountain Nature Reserve, Sangzhi County Badagongshan National Nature Reserve infrared cameras have successively photographed black bears foraging and playing pictures.
Mallard duck
It is named after the male duck with bright green feathers on its head and neck, and can swim and fly. Every year in winter and spring, green-headed ducks often overwinter in the Yuanjiang River.
West China Rain Frog
Wuling subspecies, a species of rain frog in the family Rain frog, was found in Mulberry Plants, and the frog lived in and around rice paddies or mountain depressions at an altitude of 580 to 1770 m, with strong climbing power, often inhabiting shrubs, tall stalk crops and weeds.
Andrias
Wildlife under national secondary key wild protection. Zhangjiajie is the most important origin of the Chinese giant salamander and has the first giant salamander national nature reserve.
Red-bellied pheasant
Endemic species in China, national second-level key protected wild animals. In Hunan, it is mainly distributed in the Wuling Mountains in northwestern Hunan and the Xuefeng Mountains in western Hunan Province, and the wild population still has a certain scale.
Yellow-bellied horned pheasant
China's endemic pheasants, rare in number, belong to the national level of key protected wild animals, living in the Mangshan area of Hunan All year round. Although it is a bird, it is not good at flying, likes to run and lurk, has little courage, is unresponsive, and is also ridiculed as a "dumb chicken".
Hanging list mountain salamander
It is a unique protected species in Qiyang Salamander Provincial Nature Reserve and is a rare species of living fossils.
Grey-faced eagle
Wildlife under national secondary key protection. In 2010, the traces of the gray-faced eagle were first found in the Dongdongting Lake National Nature Reserve in our province. In recent years, gray-faced eagles have also appeared occasionally in the mountains of western Hunan Province, Southern Hunan and Eastern Hunan Province.
Blue-throated bee tiger
One of the most beautiful birds in China, a national second-level key protected wild animal. It is not a very common summer migratory bird in Hunan, but there are field observation records of this species in many places in northern Hunan, central Hunan Province, Eastern Xiangdong, Western Hunan and Southern Hunan Province.
Chinese pangolin
On June 5, 2020, the Chinese pangolin was upgraded from a national level 2 protected wild animal to a class 1. It is a globally critically endangered species and was discovered last year in Leiyang and Daoxian counties in our province.
Porpoise
It looks like a dolphin, because the corners of the mouth are always slightly raised, it is called "smiling angel". It is a rare cetacean species endemic to China, which is only distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and in Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, and is a national Class I protected aquatic wildlife, the top organism and flagship species of the Yangtze River ecosystem.
160 species of national security plants compete for glory
From a global perspective, Hunan is the most valuable ecological function area in the same latitude of the world. The forest coverage rate of 59.96% in Hunan is much higher than the world average of 31.8% and 23.04% in the country, and has remarkable green resources.
From the perspective of the whole country, Hunan is an irreplaceable ecological security barrier in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the main ecological indicators lead the country, and the number of wetland protection rates, forestry varieties use rates, national forest parks, national wetland parks, national scenic spots, and national rocky desertification parks in the province ranks first in the country.
A multi-faceted, healthy ecosystem provides a vast living space for plants. By the end of 2020, the province has recorded 6186 species of vascular plants (including subspecific grades), accounting for about 18% of the country; 160 species of wild plants under national key protection have been recorded, of which 13 species of 7 families such as resource fir, silver fir, Chinese leek, fluffy saponaria, yew, and juniper are recorded, and 147 species of 50 families such as Minnan, Palm tree, and black alder tree have been recorded.
There are also many "giant pandas" comparable to the plant kingdom, growing silently in the deep mountains and old forests. The total number of Danxia orchids in the world is less than 100, 11 plants have been found in Hunan; the resource fir of the Quaternary glaciation remnant species is distributed in many places in our province; it has survived before the Quaternary glacier movement, and only 6 plants of fluffy soap pods remain in the world, in Nanyue Hengshan...
New plant species are also constantly being discovered and recorded. According to statistics, in the past 14 years, there are 67 new seed plant species (including sub-species grades) found in Hunan Province, such as Tianmen Mountain Rhododendron, Jishou Scaly Fern, Jiangyong Primrose Moss, Purple-backed Primrose Moss, Hunan Primrose Moss, Jianghua Primrose Moss, Hunan Shishan Amaranth Moss, Wuling Astragalus, Huangsang Road Yellow, Hunan Primula, Wave Leaf Primrose, Wrinkled Fruit Benzoin, etc.
Perhaps, there are many existences that you can't imagine, fighting against time, thriving, waiting for everyone to discover.
Deciduous lily
The natural community is only distributed in Yongshun, Hunan and Mingyue Mountain, Yichun, Jiangxi. In Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve in Yongshun County, more than 1,000 deciduous lilies have gathered to form the world's largest wild population of deciduous lilies. As a national key protected wild plant, the deciduous lily has been included in the list of national first-level protected plants and has been written into the Red Book of Endangered Plants.
Fluffy saponaria
National Level II Key Protected Wild Plants, Very Small Population Species, IUCN Assessment Grade Critical Danger (CR). A specialty is Hengshan Mountain, Hunan, and there are only 6 wild plants in the world. First discovered in 1954, the fluffy soap pod survived before the Quaternary glaciation and is a "living relic" of Nanyue.
Bridge Tiger Ear Grass
Chenzhou Yizhang found that Hunan new record species.
Yang's Danxialan
It belongs to the orchid family, the subfamily Orchidaceae. Currently, the global total number of this species is less than 100 and it is critically endangered. In 2019, 11 critically endangered species of Danxia orchid were found in a dense mountain forest in Liling City.
Rhubarb shrimp ridge orchid
The distribution of wild resources is very small, and the actual stock in China is less than 300 plants, so it is also known as the "golden snub-nosed monkey" of the plant kingdom, and is currently mainly distributed in a few points in Yongzhou City and Chenzhou City.
Tianmen Mountain Cuckoo
In 2006, Hunan Forest Botanical Garden, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, and Tianmenshan National Forest Park collaborated to discover new plant species named "Tianmen Mountain".
Vase of orchids
Xiangxi Baojing found that Hunan new record species.
Resource fir
It belongs to the evergreen tree, which is a quaternary glaciation remnant species, and is only distributed in Yanling County, Dao County (Du Pangling) in Hunan, Shunhuang Mountain at the junction of Xinning and Dong'an, Chengbu and Mingzhu Laoshan at the junction of Guangxi resources.
Long elm
Elm is a deciduous large tree, an endangered plant, and a national level II key protected wild plant. In 2020, our province found 3 wild trees of long-order elm in Xinshao County, Shaoyang City.
Silver fir
A family of resource fir, a rare species endemic to China, known as "living fossil plants".
[Editor-in-Charge: Chen Shuyi]
[Source: Sanxiang Metropolis Daily]