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Recently on the Internet to see a lot of fruit farmers in selling large cherries, a lot of fruit farmers are also in the name of our Shandong Yantai big cherry in the name of selling cherries, do not know that the current Yantai big cherries or in the young fruit period, a lot of online selling Yantai big cherries are not our Shandong Yantai, but also under the guise of selling Yantai big cherries, the current listing of some of the pure Yantai big cherries are also greenhouse greenhouse cultivation, now there is no sale of almost, so now the normal open ground of the big cherries have not yet matured, This point should be paid attention to when buying.
Let's go back to the main topic, after entering May, the weather is hot and humid, these days shandong area continues to rain more, cherry trees will appear diseases and insect pests, this time is the growth period of cherry tree fruits, if the management is not proper at this time, it is easy to cause cherry trees infected with brown spot perforation disease, cherry tree brown spot perforation disease mostly occurs in mid-May, if the prevention is not timely, light will cause fruit trees to appear deciduous, fall fruit, late secondary extraction of new shoots and young shoots, serious can lead to cherry branches dry and dead, The losses to growers are serious, so growers need to understand the disease in time.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > to master the conditions for the onset of brown spot perforation disease in cherry trees</h1>
◆ When the cherry tree first fell ill, mainly according to the weather to carry out the invasion, the disease belongs to the fungal disease, like high temperature and high humidity weather, especially these days in our Shandong region the temperature is relatively high in the first few days, these days there is more rain, the humidity of the cherry park has increased a lot, so that the trigger conditions for brown spot perforation disease have been formed, the temperature and high humidity are a condition for the breeding of pathogens, generally in our Shandong region, may occur, and when the cherry harvest is harvested in the later stage, the bacteria will also appear, The disease lasts until autumn, and if the weather temperature drops and the air dries, the disease will basically not occur.
◆ Cherry tree disease and planting place has a certain relationship, according to our Shandong region of the planting of large cherries, a few days ago through Yantai a large cherry planting friends told me that they locally planted large cherries on the hillside, and some planted on the flat land, but from the law of the disease point of view, the incidence of planting on the flat ground is a little higher, the incidence of planting on the hillside is relatively small, which shows that the hillside can exclude moisture, the incidence is reduced, in addition, according to the situation, the soil viscosity is large, The incidence of land with high groundwater level is more serious, and secondly, like some growers who cultivate cherries on flat ground and use high ridge technology, they rarely have diseases, and the high ridges and good drainage facilities are basically relatively mild.
◆ Another condition of the disease is related to the management of growers, such as the price of cherries in the past few years, some growers have some misunderstandings in the management of fruit trees, such as cherry fruits are more serious, ignoring the management of leaves and branches, anyway, some growers feel that fruit preservation is ok, so it increases the misunderstanding of treating diseases, followed by improper management of fertilization and watering in some orchards, resulting in the emergence of some cherry trees and weak trees that only grow and do not bear fruit. Coupled with the lack of timely management and pruning, the climate environment of the orchard is not good, and some growers do not have the habit of clearing the garden, or are too lazy to want to clear the garden, which causes management negligence to lead to diseases.
◆ Another condition of the disease is related to the resistance of the bacteria, the bacteria have a strong resistance, if the bacteria appear in the orchard, the early stage of the cherry tree lurking, to the temperature of high humidity when the bacteria will invade the cherry tree, and then after the temperature is reduced, the bacteria will be "honest" a little, to the later temperature rise when the bacteria will continue to invade, the bacteria are a habit of multiple invasions, to the weather becomes cold after the bacteria will hide together to winter, to the second year and then appear, Some growers do not find the disease in time, delaying the treatment time, resulting in the emergence of germs in the park all year round. Some growers think that it is an insect pest when treating brown spot perforation disease, or the medication is not accurate, and the dosage is small.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > accurately identify the characteristics of the disease and prevent it in time</h1>
The main hazards of cherry brown spot perforation disease are leaves and branches, fruits and other parts, but the early onset of the disease is mainly on the leaf is more obvious, the pathogen occurs mainly on the middle side of the leaf surface when it invades the leaf, and the pathogen appears on the leaf a lot of rust-colored spots, and the late spots are extended together to form a large circular spot, and there are gray-white wheel lines on the spots, and there is a gray-white mold layer on the leaf after the rain or when the humidity is high, and the later leaves will appear" avalanches" shape, which eventually leads to leaf shedding.
When the disease occurs on the branches, it is difficult for the general growers to find in the early stage, but after careful observation, it can be seen that there will also be dense rust-colored spots on the branches, similar to small blisters, and there are more and more spots on the branches in the later stage, which eventually leads to the onset of the whole branch, if the prevention and control is not timely, the next year the branches will also occur. At the same time, some cherry fruits will also appear spots, spots are not obvious on the cherry fruit, but if the prevention and control is not timely, it will cause the fruit to rot.
The main points of distinguishing diseases: First of all, explain here, cherry brown spot perforation disease and ulcer disease, bacterial perforation disease has similarities, so we should pay attention to the difference, ulcer disease is also around May, but the occurrence of ulcer disease will be accompanied by flowing gum, followed by ulcer disease is mainly branches, generally rarely harm to leaves and fruits, and ulcer disease will also appear flow gum, which mainly pays attention to the difference.
In addition, brown spot perforation disease and bacterial perforation disease also have similar symptoms, first of all, brown spot perforation disease belongs to fungal diseases, bacterial perforation disease belongs to bacterial diseases, such as the early leaf infection disease, brown spot perforation disease causes leaf damage after the leaf surface of the leaf is rust-colored small dots, most of the small spots are round, there is no change in the leaf edge, but after the onset of bacterial perforation disease, the small dots on the leaf are dark brown, there are yellow-green halos around, and there will be cracks in the leaves where there are spots. This point requires attention to distinction.
In addition, when the bacterial perforation disease occurs on the branches, the site of the disease on the branches has small dark brown water-stained spots, but the spots are not as many spots caused by the brown spot perforation disease, and the spots caused by the bacterial perforation disease will break in the later stages of the branches, and the brown perforation disease will not break, and secondly, when the disease occurs on the fruit, the bacterial perforation disease will appear cracks, and the later fruit rots, and the above points are mainly distinguished.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the prevention and control of cherry brown spot perforation disease</h1>
1, timely medication after the occurrence of disease
When our orchard has a disease, we must take timely medication, for brown spot perforation disease because it is a fungal disease, so in the use of drugs should also use systemic drugs for prevention and treatment, like the prevention and treatment of drugs recommended to use phenyl ether methylcyclazole, isobacterium urea, Baitai water dispersion, propiconazole, zoether desenlian, etc., spraying should also pay attention to spraying in the morning or at night, spray once after rain, spray drugs should also be sprayed evenly, both sides of the leaf should be sprayed. If bacterial perforation occurs together in the early stages, it is necessary to add some drugs to the drug to treat bacterial diseases, and spray the drug again after the cherry tree falls and 1 month before picking to prevent it.
2. Strengthen the management facilities of the park
In the early stage, to avoid the situation of mixed planting in the park, focus on the management of some long fruit trees and weak trees, to avoid the germs in the early stage of the invasion of these weak trees, in addition, the climate problems of the park should be improved, especially after entering May, if the high temperature and high humidity weather appear, the park is best to do a good job in advance to prevent high temperature and high humidity measures, especially drainage is good, before entering the rainy season, do a good job in the drainage ditch, when there is more rain, you can use mulch film and other ways to prevent the germ invasion caused by excessive humidity.
3, improve the management method during planting
Cherry trees in the spring to prune, pruning must be done before germination, this pruning is to improve the cherry tree in the spring after germination can grow rapidly and improve the light transmittance of fruit trees, pruning time to grasp the fruit tree germination about 5 days before pruning, at this time to shorten the development of branches, cut off too many flower branches, prune the consequences of the tree shears in time to spray sterilizer for protection, while in the germination period of pruning can be combined with fertilization together with the effect is better, In the usual fertilization, it is also necessary to strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, apply more farm manure, apply less chemical fertilizer, water to keep the soil moist, and cannot be watered with large water.
If the resistance of the cherry tree variety is not high, it can also be replaced by high seeding in the spring to compensate for the disease resistance problem in the later stage. Later to the flower and fruit stage to pay attention to the work of pollination, before flowering is best to carry out ring peeling once, after flowering thinning flowers and fruits, after flowering to post-harvest timely spray foliar fertilizer, at the same time in the post-harvest also in time to carry out summer shearing, such as removing the back branches, inner branches, wiping buds, plucking and so on.
4, develop the habit of clearing the garden in time after harvesting
We growers in the orchard after harvesting to develop a good habit of clearing the garden, especially in the cherry orchard after harvesting, we are best in the orchard for the disease of the fruit tree to carry out separate treatment, such as pruning off the diseased branches, cleaning up the rotten fruit and diseased leaves that fell into the ground, using a special packaging bag to take out of the park after the timely cleaning, if it is a diseased fruit tree, we are best to apply the formula fertilizer to the diseased fruit tree alone when applying the base fertilizer in autumn to restore the problem of weakening the trees caused by the disease. At the same time, in the winter, after pruning the fruit trees, spray the stone sulfur compound in time, and spray a Bordeaux liquid for protection before germination in the spring of the following year, which can ensure that the fruit trees reduce the chance of disease during the growth period, and can increase the yield of our fruit trees to bring more benefits to the growers.