1. Description of diseases
In addition to harming peach trees, bacterial perforation diseases also harm other stone fruit trees such as cherries, plums and apricots; mainly harmful to leaves, but also to fruit and new shoots. It occurs in all peach-producing areas of the country, especially along the coast, along lakes and in poorly drained orchards and rainy years, and is prone to serious occurrence. If the prevention and control is not timely, it is easy to cause a large number of leaves, reduce the accumulation of nutrients, and affect the formation of flower buds. It not only weakens the tree momentum and reduces production in the current year, but also affects the results of the second year, resulting in poor yields.
At the beginning of the onset of peach tree brown spot perforation disease, round or nearly circular spots appeared, the edges were purple, slightly charded, and the diameter of the spots was 1 to 4 mm; in the later stage, gray-brown molds grew on the spots, and the middle was dried off and fell off, forming perforations, the edges of the perforations were neat, and the leaves fell off when they were perforated. It mainly harms peach tree leaves, but also new shoots and fruits.
Peach tree scab disease, also known as black star disease, black mole disease, has occurred in China's peach producing areas. Due to the occurrence of the disease, the appearance of the peach deteriorates and the quality of the fruit is reduced. Pathogens mainly harm the fruit, followed by leaves and branches. Fruit disease initially appears dark green to black round spots, gradually expanded to 2-3 mm diameter spots, the spots around always remain green, in severe cases the spots converge into scabs. The disease only divides the epidermis of the fruit, the diseased fruit stops growing, and the inside of the fruit (pulp) continues to grow. Therefore, the spots often crack, but the cracks are shallow and small, and generally do not cause rotting of the fruit. The branches are damaged, and initially purple-brown oblong spots appear on the surface. Later it becomes dark brown and slightly raised. Fluid glue often occurs, and finally small black particles (conidia clusters) are densely packed on the surface of the spot. Spots are also limited to the epidermis. Leaf lesions often show many tangible or irregular gray-green spots on the back of the leaves, after which the diseased part turns purple-red, and finally the diseased leaves dry off or form empty holes.
Peach tree brown rot disease, also known as sclerotia, is one of the important diseases on peach trees, in the north, south, coast and northwest of China have occurred, especially in the east of China coast and lakeside areas of the serious damage. In rainy years, when the occurrence of borer pests occurs severely, it can cause devastating losses. The disease is a fruit tree that can infect stone fruits such as peaches, plums, apricots, and cherries. Brown rot is mainly harmful to the flowers, leaves, branches and fruits of peach trees, with the fruit being the heaviest. The flower is damaged and causes the flower to rot, and the surface is covered with a gray mold layer, which does not fall off after death. Young leaves begin to brown from the leaf margin, quickly expand the whole leaf, wither and do not fall off. Branch damage is caused by the spread of diseased flowers and diseased petioles, forming oval or fusiform brown sunken spots, with obvious edges, often prone to glue and gray mold layers, when the disease spots are cut, the upper branches die. The fruit can be damaged from young fruit to maturity, but the more mature the damage, the more serious the damage, the initial diseased fruit appears brown round spots, rapidly expanding the whole fruit to become brown and soft rot, the surface produces a rotting arrangement of gray-brown velvet mold layer, rot disease fruit is easy to fall off, or dry shrinkage into dark brown or black zombie fruit, hanging on the tree to the following year does not fall.
Second, the current situation of prevention and treatment and drug analysis
1. Seeing diseases and treating diseases: At this stage, most planters have no habit of clearing the garden, and do not use drugs after fruit picking, which provides opportunities for true bacteria to lurk and multiply, resulting in a large pathogen base in the next year, a high incidence rate, and heavy harm. A vicious circle of disease treatment at all costs (more labor, large amount of medication) has been formed, and the tree is injured and the output value is damaged (yield and quality are reduced).
2, the key period does not dare to use drugs: spring is a key period for sterilization and disease prevention, less medication does not work, more medication is easy to cause drug harm.
3. Strong resistance to conventional drugs: the continuous use of limited selectable agents often produces strong resistance, which reduces the effect and increases the cost.
Third, the general idea of prevention and control
1. Treat both symptoms and root causes:
The prevention and treatment of difficult diseases only depends on seeing symptoms and treating diseases, especially only by killing bacteria is not feasible, often has caused serious losses, only to restore the tree (plant) body, enhance the resistance to stress, solve the bacterial infection pathway, on the basis of physiological robustness supplemented by sterilization, in order to achieve the effect of both symptoms and root causes.
2: Early prevention and treatment
Once the fungal source is difficult to eradicate once entering the park, the fungal disease source can be transmitted over a long distance, and the physiological disease (branch flow gum and sunburn) is difficult to eradicate once formed in the case of weak tree strength and low immunity. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen daily management from the very early sterilization and rejuvenation of trees, and solve the problem of the number of infestation sources and infection conditions (wounds, stomata). Before the onset of the disease conditions (have) and when the symptoms first appear, a competent plan is adopted to kill the bacteria as much as possible to relieve the patient, so as to prevent the disease early and be disease-free, the disease is mild, and the heavy treatment is a quick-acting, cost-saving, and labor-saving effect.
3: Combination of East and West
Chinese (herbal) pharmaceutical preparations have a variety of ingredients compounded, conditioning growth, improve crop immunity, sterilization broad spectrum, long duration of effectiveness, from the inside to the outside of the advantages of disease prevention and treatment, a single ingredient of conventional drugs have the characteristics of rapid action (greater drug resistance), the combination of Chinese and Western, compound use is conducive to complementary advantages, in the treatment of severe disease to ensure the effect.
4: Nutritional rejuvenation
Most of the chemical drugs used in conventional production procedures have the characteristics of inhibiting growth and even harming crops, and their mechanism of action can only achieve the effect of disease prevention and treatment through sterilization, and do not have the effect of nutritional rejuvenation. The Chinese (herbal) pharmaceutical preparation is the same source of medicine and food, medicinal fertilizer double effect, nutrient rejuvenation, is conducive to leaf spreading, chloroplasts create more chlorophyll, create more organic matter, tree (plant) body must be robust.
Fourth, the prevention and control program
Treatment plan: Liang guoan 150 times + vofon hormone 600 times + garlic oil 1000 times + silicone spray 2 times, each time at an interval of about 10 days.
Prevention programmes:
1) Half a month before germination: Use 200 times the liquid + silicone to spray the whole park to kill germs and nourish the tree body.
2) Before flowering: Use 300x + silicone spray once. (Baohua)
3) Leaf spreading period: use 300 times of Liangguoan + silicone spray 2 times, each time at an interval of 10 days; one of which is compounded with 600 times of Vofon hormone.
4) The first physiological fruit failure period: use 300 times of liangguoan + 600 times of voyflexin + silicone spray. (Baoguo)
5) Fruit growth period: use 300 times + silicone spray 2-4 times with 10-15 days intervals of liangguoan; 1000 times of garlic oil during the high incidence of disease; 600 times of compound vofonin with weak growth potential.
6) After autumn fruit picking: spray 1 time with 200 times of rotting spirit + 600 times of vomfon pigment + silicone.
7) After 2/3 of the leaves are dropped, use 100 times the liquid + silicone to spray the whole park to kill germs and nourish the tree.
5. Expected effect standards
1) Disease prevention and control effect: peach leaves and fruits do not appear spot phenomenon, the leaves grow well, thick green, thick, large fruit, surface gloss, uniform color.
2) Nutritional rejuvenation effect:
Leaves: large, thick, bright, soft, black and green;
Branches of the year: bright color, stout, short internodal, hairless;
Trunk: smooth, youthful;
Fruit: bright color, bright face, beautiful shape, high sugar content;
The following spring buds: the flower buds are full and the tree body returns to green quickly;
Strong resistance to stress: disease resistance, frost resistance is enhanced.
3) Safe to use: flowering period, young fruit stage can be used, will not produce medicinal harm to fruit trees.
4) No resistance, can be used continuously.
5) Non-toxic and non-residue, does not affect the green organic standard.