How can Fujian Fuding Four Seasons Grapefruit obtain the purpose of high quality and abundant production?

How can Fujian Fuding Four Seasons Grapefruit obtain the purpose of high quality and abundant production?

Fuding Four Seasons Grapefruit, named after the blossoming and fruiting of the four seasons of the year, is an important name, special and excellent fruit of Fuding, and enjoys the right to use the national "certification trademark" and "geographical indication of origin". In Fuding has more than 270 years of cultivation history, the fruit is tender and seedless, juicy and sweet, thin skin and shelf life, deeply loved by consumers. The city's planting area of about 0.13 million mu, mainly distributed in Qianqi, Dianxia and other townships, the four seasons of grapefruit after standardized management, after five years can reach a good harvest year, mu yield can reach more than 3000-4000 kg. According to the 2015-2018 three-year test demonstration in qianqi Dalan fruit farm and old district fruit farm, the technology is summarized as follows:

First, the requirements of the terrain and soil of the teak garden

Teak garden requires flat terrain, subject to geographical restrictions, you can choose a gentle slope of more than or equal to 30 ° slope is appropriate. Four seasons grapefruit prefers slightly acidic soil, red and yellow soil soil planting four seasons grapefruit fruit is substantially sweet; loam soil or sandy loam soil planting of four seasons grapefruit, the fruit essence is inferior, light taste, and easy to lignification.

Second, the selection and treatment of seedlings

Citrus aurantium should be chosen as rootstock. Citrus aurantium shell adaptability, growth potential, disease resistance, low temperature tolerance are strong, breeding four seasons of teak seedlings whiskers, can be planted in the north and south of the country. In addition, it is advisable to grasp the thickness diameter of the rootstock of the citrus shell at about 0.5 cm. After the standard citrus shell seedlings are planted, they are grafted in March of the same year.

Four seasons of teak seedlings should be done before planting: shearing, repair, pulp and other work. Shearing, is to dry the four seasons of teak seedlings, to 35-40 cm is appropriate; repair, that is, the roots of teak seedlings are repaired, removing digging, unreasonable layout, cracking root system; pulp, that is, the roots of the thin mud roots, can be put in a small amount of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in the mud, mud is not too thick, in order to be able to stick to the roots.

3. Planting specifications and planting methods

Grapefruit belongs to the grapefruit varieties, the growth momentum is strong, the canopy is relatively tall, so the dense planting specifications are larger, generally 3.5 m×4.0 m is better. The planting hole of the four-season grapefruit, which is 1 m square, can make full use of the advantages of space, easily form a productive canopy, and achieve the goal of high yield and stable yield.

The planting of grapefruit seedlings in all seasons requires positive, shallow, solid and watering. Positive, the dried grapefruit seedlings, planted into the colonization hole, to the upper part of the plant as the positive, planting; shallow, seedlings should be shallow planting, the grafting interface should be exposed to the mound about 2 cm; real, when planting seedlings, the mound should be stepped on, and the pier surface should be covered with some loose soil; watering, colonizing good seedlings, must be poured with sufficient fixed root water to maintain root moisture and improve the survival rate of seedlings.

Fourth, the four seasons of teak body culture tube

1. Young trees are cultivated in the first year

The four seasons of teak seedlings can grow young buds half a month after the fixed value, which means that new roots begin to grow, and at this stage, the fertilizer begins, and the roots are watered with thin human feces and urine (10% concentration), every 15 days, and the roots can also be watered with water-soluble fertilizer. At the seedling stage, use 10% ammonium carbona, percalcium solution (ammonium carbide : supercalcium solution = 1 : 1) to water the roots, and the seedlings grow fast. When the new one grows slightly to about 20 cm, pay attention to the heart to promote the new slightly old maturity and germinate secondary shoots. After the new shoots grow, pesticides should be sprayed in time to prevent and control pests and diseases. No fertilization is applied after September to prevent the growth of young shoots and avoid frost damage.

2. The second year of young tree pipe training

First of all, we must do a good job in water management, and we must do a good job in discharging water from orchards in spring, so that rain passes through the garden. In the summer and autumn, the weather is relatively arid, pay attention to water storage, to meet the water needs of fruit trees. The second is the management of fertilizer, a fertilizer after the front and rear branches, that is, before and after the three branches of spring shoots, summer shoots and autumn shoots, a fertilizer must be applied, mainly compound fertilizer, according to the size of the tree, the height of the terrain as appropriate, the amount of fertilizer per fruit tree is mastered at about half a catty.

3. Fresh shoots and pruning

The young shoots of grapefruit in all seasons grow to 20 cm to be picked, generally using thin new branches or crossed 1-2 years of branches, which should not be re-pruned; for a single plant with a depressed canopy and poor ventilation and light transmission in the inner chamber, the appropriate amount of "open skylight" thin branches (perennial) improves the ventilation and light transmission performance of the inner chamber of the canopy. Re-cut senile and weak trees to promote new shoots or renew the canopy. Short shears are used to stimulate weaker branches to produce strong new shoots.

4. Summer bud control

Grapefruit trees entering the initial stage have a low fruit set rate, over-nutrients in the tree, and are easy to promote the germination of summer shoots. If the summer buds are not erased in time, it will cause the fruits to compete for fertilizer and cause fruit drops. Therefore, controlling summer buds is conducive to improving the fruit rate of grapefruit in all seasons.

5. Winter pruning

Winter temperatures drop, grapefruit into the dormant period, winter shoots are not treated in time will be frost damage, will have an impact on next year's flowering and fruit. Pruning can break the balance, stimulate the flow of spring sap, facilitate nutrient absorption and accumulation, and promote root growth. Pruning method: remove diseased and insect-damaged branches, thin and weak branches, inner branches, intersecting branches, and overly dense branches in the growing parts. After pruning, timely spray qingyuan medicine to protect the wound.

Fifth, thin flowers and fruits and preserve flowers and fruits

Deciduous branches, weak branches, inflorescence branches, shaded weeping branches of grapefruit in all seasons, these branches are malnourished, multi-flowered, fruitless, and should be removed to reduce the amount of flowers. For long branches, it is appropriate to shorten at the fullness of the buds, and it is best to have leaf flowers at the short cut. Polygonalum is commonly used in permethrin pesticide + cytokinin + borax + acaricide spray, baolei, the first fruit preservation at 2/3 of the time of flowering, sprayed with cytokinin, 15 days later, the second fruit preservation, with gibberellin + cytokinin. The time for the four seasons of grapefruit to preserve fruit fertilizer should be in early May.

Sixth, fertilization management technology

Base fertilizer is applied in winter, and fertilizer is applied once before each shoot in spring, summer and autumn, and extra-root topdressing is carried out during each greening period of new shoots. The puffed fruit fertilizer of the grapefruit is applied as appropriate according to the balance standards of tree body, vegetative growth and reproductive growth, with the purpose of requiring stable tree posture, not thriving, and at the same time meeting the nutrients needed for fruit development, preventing the lack of fertilizer and falling fruits and small fruits. Generally, the leaf-fruit ratio is 30-35:1 as the ideal indicator, so that the fruit size is moderate, the quality is the best, and the tree is stable. Solid fruit fertilizer and strong fruit fertilizer can be applied flexibly, accounting for about 35% of the annual topdressing amount, generally applied before and after the small summer. The four-season grapefruit fruit harvesting fertilizer is applied 20 days before the fruit picking, accounting for 25% of the annual topdressing.

7. Integrated control of pests and diseases

The main insect pests of grapefruit are: leafminer moth, red spider, citrus butterfly; the main diseases are anthrax, citrus canker disease, sand skin disease, sunburn disease and frost damage.

1. Major pest control measures

The control of leafminer moths in the summer and autumn is carried out when the summer and autumn shoots are extracted by 1-2 cm, and the drug is used continuously 2-3 times at intervals of 5-7 days.

Control of red spiders: the wintering period, the first peak of occurrence in April-May and the second peak period in September are the key periods of control.

Control of citrus butterflies: When the larvae of citrus butterflies occur more seriously, the use of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 3000 times liquid to provoke pests can play a role in control.

2. Comprehensive prevention and control of diseases

(1) Prevention and treatment of anthrax

Increase the application of potassium fertilizer to enhance the tree potential, focusing on the maintenance of the shoots in April-May and August-September and the control of anthrax infection of the fruit stalk.

(2) Sunburn

To prevent and control grapefruit sunburn, in addition to irrigation and drought resistance, the following measures can also be taken: lime water spraying fruit, tree trunk whitening, fruit veneer or bagging, more organic fertilizer, green manure, especially more potassium fertilizer. 7-9 months do not use stone sulfur compound in the teak garden to control pests, when it must be used, reduce the concentration of use and reduce the number of times, the concentration is 0.1-0.2 degrees in Baume, 1-2 times can be, and do even spraying, do not make the liquid to the fruit surface too much condensation.

(3) Prevention and treatment of sand dermatosis

Sand skin disease is a more serious disease in recent years, it not only affects the appearance of the fruit but also affects the internal quality, so special attention should be paid to prevention and control. First of all, the winter garden clearance should be carried out, and in the spring stage - before flowering, 2/3 after flowering, young fruit stage, fruit expansion stage, autumn shoot stage, strong fruit stage, spray once Antaisheng 600 times + take the enemy stability 3000 times + Wo Sheng 600 times mixed liquid, and combined with bagging technology to solve.

(4) Measures for the prevention and treatment of ulcer disease

Strictly implement the quarantine system. The introduction of disease-free seedlings in the new plantation is the most effective measure to prevent the disease, and it is strictly forbidden to import citrus seedlings, scion, rootstock, seeds, fruits, etc. from the diseased area. Diseased plants, seedlings, scions or fruits should be burned thoroughly. Early chemical control: Chemical control is carried out in the affected area. With 77% killable wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid, 50% daisen ammonium 1000-1500 times, 600-1000 units/mL of agricultural streptomycin + 1% alcohol adjuvant, 25% leaf submergine wettable powder 1000 times.

Winter garden: In addition to all the diseased branches, leaves, fruits and long branches, weak branches, etc., the cut branches and leaves are directly put into the basket to bring out the orchard and burned, and the sprays (spray 1 -2 times 0.5 degrees Baumelite sulfur compound) before and after cutting are controlled once to reduce the source of disease infestation. Insist on clearing the garden first, and then put new shoots.

VIII. Conclusion

In summary, after several years of planting experience, the cultivation of Fuding four-season grapefruit should be based on rational land selection, cultivation of strong seedlings, application of sufficient base fertilizer, thinning of branches and pruning, thinning of flowers and fruits, and strengthening of fertilizer and water and pest management, in order to obtain the purpose of high-quality and abundant production.