【Abstract】:The country with the highest yield of cucumbers per mu in the world is the Netherlands, with an output of up to 100,000 jin per mu, which is achieved in the greenhouse of high-input modernization; relatively for China, high input in exchange for high output is not in line with our national conditions, how to achieve low input in the case of suitable for China's national conditions can also have higher output? In our country, low input can also achieve high output, which has practical significance.
In 2008, under the guidance of teacher Sun Peibo, the yield of cucumbers in the greenhouse of Yongqing County, the hometown of vegetables in Hebei Province, has reached 60,000 jin, and the highest mu output has exceeded 70,000 jin, and the products produced exceed the green product standards, reach the standards of organic products, and create a miracle of cucumber ultra-high yield, organic and disease-free cultivation. Regardless of the yield, the highest yield per mu, or the average yield of a large area, under the same conditions, it has created the highest output of cucumbers in the country and the world, and has achieved no diseases and insect pests or basically no diseases and insect pests in the whole growth period, and the products have reached the organic standard and reached the world's leading level of cucumber cultivation.
Related media coverage
On August 22, 2011, the 8th edition of "Shandong Science and Technology News" "Technical Summary of Greenhouse Cucumber Yield of More Than 60,000 Kilograms per Mu in Yongqing County, Hebei Province" related media reports
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the ins and outs of things</h1>
Yongqing County began to cultivate greenhouse cucumbers in 1994, after more than 10 years of exploration, the yield per mu in 2007 has reached about 10,000 kg, and the highest yield per mu is 14,700 kg.
In 2007, the county Fumin Cooperative hired Mr. Sun Peibo, an agricultural technology extension researcher, as a greenhouse cultivation technology consultant from Shandong, according to Mr. Sun Peibo's latest facility cultivation theory, combined with the production practice of local melon farmers, the research group was equipped with ultra-high yield, organic cucumber cultivation technical regulations. Through the holding of training classes, on-site guidance, and vigorously promote the implementation of new theories and new technologies for facility cultivation, in 2008, the output of wintering cucumbers in the greenhouse of cooperative members increased from about 10,000 kilograms per mu in the past to more than 15,000 kilograms, and the high-yielding ones reached more than 25,000 kilograms. Vegetable farmer Zhang Donghui produces more than 30,000 kilograms per mu.
In the autumn of 2008, on the basis of summarizing the practice of that year, we increased the promotion efforts and further popularized the new theories and new technologies of facility cultivation. In 2009, 307 greenhouse cucumbers and 203 mu were reported by vegetable farmers to sell the number of commercial melons, with a minimum yield of 25,120 kg per mu and an average yield of 32,017 kg per mu. On July 21, 2009, after the field sampling test of the yield measurement team composed of relevant experts, the greenhouse cucumber in the test area yielded 26796 kg per mu and the highest yielded 36989.1 kg per mu. The average yield per mu is 32380.27 kg, and the vast majority of greenhouse cucumbers have no diseases and insect pests during the whole growth period. Its commodity melon has been tested by Beijing Zhongan Quality and Ring Certification Center (formerly 8.1 Quality System Certification Center) to meet the organic food standards (test form, certificate attached), creating a miracle of ultra-high yield, organic and pest-free cultivation of cucumbers. Among them, Zhang Donghui and more than 30 vegetable farmers have continuously replanted cucumbers, and no diseases and pests have occurred in 2 years.
On August 14, 2010, the greenhouse cucumber experimental project was identified, and the Yongqing County Government invited Zhang Zhenhe, chief expert of facility cultivation of the Ministry of Agriculture, and Zhang Zhixian, a researcher at The Ministry of Agriculture, and Zhang Zhixian, a professor at Beinnuncula University, who all made speeches at the meeting, signed the production measurement report and the scientific research achievement appraisal certificate respectively, and the Agricultural Science Channel of Shandong Television Station and Hebei Television Station recorded the whole process of production measurement and identification.
From left to right: Dr. Dong Yan, Soil and Fertilizer Technology Department, National Agricultural Technology Extension Center, and Guo Jia, senior engineer of Science and Technology Research Institute of Beijing Supply and Marketing Cooperative
and Zhang Yanguang, deputy director of the Vegetable Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
On July 21, 2009, the greenhouse cucumber production site in Yongqing County was measured
Professor Sun Peibo, Guo Jia, senior engineer of science and technology research institute of Beijing Supply and Marketing Cooperative, and Zhang Yanguang, deputy director of vegetable research institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
On July 21, 2009, Yongqing County greenhouse cucumber production measurement site meeting Sun Peibo teacher and experts in the field of agriculture
On July 21, 2009, Yongqing County Greenhouse Cucumber Production Measurement Site Meeting Professor Sun Peibo and Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Vegetable Research Institute Deputy Director Zhang Yanguang Researcher
On July 21, 2009, Teacher Sun Peibo held a meeting at the site of cucumber production measurement in the greenhouse of Yongqing County
On July 21, 2009, Yongqing County greenhouse cucumber production site (1)
July 21, 2009 Yongqing County greenhouse cucumber production site (2)
July 21, 2009 Yongqing County greenhouse cucumber production site meeting (1)
July 21, 2009 Yongqing County Greenhouse Cucumber Production Site Meeting (II)
July 21, 2009 Yongqing County greenhouse cucumber production site meeting (3)
The experimental research yield is the highest in China, the winner of the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, the highest annual yield of cucumbers in the liandong greenhouse of Shenyang Agricultural University is 41 kg/m2 (equivalent to 27306 kg per mu), an increase of 9683.1 kg, an increase of 35.4%. Compared with the highest yield of 14700 kg per mu in Yongqing County before the test, the yield increased by 17680.27 kg, an increase of 120.27%. Whether it is the yield per unit, the highest yield per mu, or the average yield of a large area, it has created the highest output of cucumbers in the country and the world. And to achieve the whole growth period of no diseases and insect pests or basically no diseases and insect pests, the product meets the organic standards. Reach the world's leading level of cucumber cultivation.
The following is the text:
Greenhouse cucumber mu yield 60,000 pounds of real scene photos
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > greenhouse cucumber ultra-high yield and high quality standardized technical regulations (1).</h1>
According to the soil type, fertility status, environmental conditions, facility structure and performance and other factors, in order to achieve the ultra-high yield of solar greenhouse cucumbers (more than 30,000 kilograms), it is necessary to strictly follow the following procedures in terms of variety selection, breeding of strong seedlings, cultivation management, facility environmental regulation, and harmless control of pests and diseases.
First, the selection of varieties
Choose special varieties of greenhouses with strong stress resistance and low temperature and low light resistance: Bomei 16, Jinyou 36, Jinyou 38, Zhongnong 21, etc.
Second, land preparation and fertilization
2 square chicken manure per mu + 8-10 square cattle and sheep manure + 50 kg of potassium sulfate + 10 kg of magnesium sulfate + 100 kg of calcium superphosphate + 48% chlorpyrifos 800 g + biological bacteria (Wangdefeng, or Dolly's treasure, etc.) 500 grams. After the above manure, biological bacteria and agents are fully mixed and evenly mixed, they are accumulated and closed and fermented with plastic film for 10-15 days.
Before preparing the land, the stewing shed is disinfected, and after the stewing shed is over, the fermented and decomposed fertilizer is evenly sprinkled into the greenhouse soil, and the rotary plough is carefully ploughed 2-3 times. The rear "M" type small high ridge, the ridge height is 20-25 cm, the large ridge width is 80 cm, the ridge ditch is 40 cm wide, and the middle of the ridge is formed into an irrigation ditch with a depth of 10 cm and a width of 25-30 cm, and the pre-colonization irrigation foot ridge is planted.
Third, cultivate strong seedlings
The implementation of grafting seedlings, rootstock generally use black seed pumpkin or white seed pumpkin. Medium-sized arch sheds are built outside the greenhouse, grafted in the shed, and the seedlings are colonized in the greenhouse after 7-10 days of root breakage.
(1) Sowing period: Sow from September 1 to September 15, graft by means of lamination, sow cucumber first, and sow black seed pumpkin after 5-7 days. After grafting, the root is broken for 8-10 days, which inhibits the thickening of cucumber roots, promotes the development of root system of rootstock, and cultivates strong seedlings. Root cutting should be carried out at 3-4 p.m. on a sunny day.
(2) Build the middle arch shed: the height of the shed is about 1.7 meters, the width of the shed is about 5 meters, the length of the shed is determined according to the number of seedlings, and the outside of the shed is covered with no drip film.
(3) Construction of sowing furrows: every 667 meters 2 to build 2 sown furrows, sowing cucumbers and pumpkins respectively, the seedling furrow width is 1.2 meters, 5-7 meters long, after irrigating the soles of the feet, filled with nutrient soil.
(4) Preparation of nutrient soil: 2 parts of fully decomposed manure surface, 8 parts of loam soil, too fine, each seedbed with 48% chlorpyrifos 10 grams + 99% xyrrhoxin 4 grams, mixed with 5 kg of fine soil, and then evenly mixed into the seedbed nutrient soil, filled into the seedbed, the thickness of the nutrient soil is 7-8 cm. Carefully hoe, level the rake, fill through the water, close the seedbed, and sow seeds after 4-5 days of warming.
(5) Seed treatment
Sunning and frozen seeds: about 200 grams of cucumber seeds per mu, 2500-3000 grams of black seed pumpkin (or 1500-2000 grams of white seed pumpkin for cucumber grafting), 1-2 days before sowing, so that the seed moisture content is reduced to about 8%. Pumpkin is placed under low temperature conditions of -4-00C for 2-3 days after seeding to improve the stress resistance of rootstock and improve the germination rate.
Soaking seeds: Put the melon seeds into plastic yarn mesh bags, tie the mouth of the bag, put them in clean water and scrub them thoroughly, and wash the sticky swag on the outside of the seed coat. After the cucumber seeds are blanched in 550C hot water for 25-30 minutes, then mixed with cold water to cool down to 25--300C, continue to soak for 5-6 hours. After 5-7 days, the pumpkin seeds are soaked in 800C hot water, stirred quickly, and after the temperature drops to 300C, continue to soak for 10-12 hours.
Sterilization and disinfection: soak in 500 times potassium permanganate + 300 times Tianda 2116 (Zhuang Miao Ling) + 3000 times silicone liquid for 25--30 minutes, wash and germinate with water after removal.
Germination: use a clean white cloth blanched with boiling water to clean the surface water of the seed coat, and then place the seeds at a temperature of 25-30 ° C to germinate, when some seeds are exposed, then placed in 0 ° C to -2 ° C conditions for 6-8 hours, and then soaked with well water for 10-20 minutes, take out the net water to continue germination, most of the seeds germinate, the radicle is 2-3 mm long when sowing.
Pumpkin seeds are germinated at a temperature of 30-32 ° C, checked once a day, pick out the seeds of the sprouts, sown first, after sowing twice, the remaining seeds are no longer germinated, and are sown into the seedbed at one time.
(6) Sowing: The cucumber seed spacing is about 3 cm, and the soil is 1.5--2 cm. The pumpkin seed spacing is 1.5 cm, and the soil cover is 2-2.5 cm.
(7) Seedbed management:
Temperature regulation: before the emergence of the cucumber seedbed, maintain 28-30 ° C during the day, night temperature of 18-20 ° C; after emergence of seedlings, the night temperature drops to 16-18 ° C, the cotyledons are flattened, the heart leaves begin to be exposed, the hypocotyl grows to 7 cm, the cooling is reduced to about 23 ° C during the day, and the night is reduced to 10-12 ° C, and the seedlings are refined at low temperature to prevent the seedlings from being too high and the hypocotyl is weak. If the temperature is higher than the right temperature, ventilation and cooling should be carried out. 3-5 days before grafting, large ventilation cools down and exercises seedlings.
Pumpkin seedbed is maintained at 30-35 ° C during the day, about 18 ° C at night, the seedlings are excavated, the cotyledons are unfolded, and the root neck grows to 7 cm high, which drops to about 23 ° C during the day and to 10-14 ° C at night, and the seedlings are refined for grafting.
Spraying: When the seedlings are out of line with the day before grafting, the seedlings of the two seedbeds are each sprayed with 4000 times 99% Tianda Xanthamol + Tianda Zhuang Miao Ling 1000 times + urea 400 times + brown sugar 150 times mixed liquid, and the seedlings are carefully sprayed for grafting.
(8) Grafting
Grafted seedbed construction: 45-50 m2 of seedbeds need to be built for every 667 m2 greenhouse. In the arch shed, four north-south seedbeds of 1.2 meters wide and 13-15 meters long are built, leaving 100 cm wide operating rows between the two beds.
The bottom of the seedbed should be flat, and then lay a 1.5-meter-wide plastic film without breaking and leaking water, and the edge of the film should be placed on the furrow, and the edge of the film at the end of the seedbed should be flat with the bottom of the furrow to facilitate drainage. The film is laid on top of small stones or large grains of sand or crushed cinder 2 cm thick (if the gravel and cinder are laid, the bottom needs to be padded with 2 layers of old film to prevent the crushing of the film, causing water leakage) After the stone is laid, it is flattened with a wooden board, and 1 layer of broken grass is laid on it, and then carefully sprayed with 2000 times avermectin liquid, and then filled with nutrient soil, the thickness of the soil layer is 9-10 cm.
Preparation of grafted seedbed nutrient soil: take 8 parts of fertile loam soil, 2 parts of high-quality fully decomposed manure surface, both are sieved, mixed well, filled into the seedbed, the soil layer is 10 cm thick. Every 10 meters 2 seedbeds, evenly spread 1000 grams of xanthocarp medicinal soil (99% tianda xanthoxin wettable powder 10 g + fine soil 1000 g mixed evenly), after sprinkling careful hoe, mix well, shoot solid, level, and spray the seedbed with 2000 times 2% avermectin liquid, kill pests in the soil, prevent American spotted diving flies, white mealybugs, aphids, ground tigers and other pests from harming seedlings.
Grafting: Cucumber seedlings are 7-10 cm tall, and the first true leaves grow to the size of a coin; the cotyledons of pumpkin seedlings are expanded, and the true leaves grow to the size of wheat grains, which is the appropriate period for grafting.
Grafting should be carried out in the arch shed, do not open the shed film at will, resulting in a decrease in humidity in the shed. In the shed, the outer edge of the seedbed should be ditched and irrigated with well water to help moisturize and cool down, the humidity in the shed should reach more than 95%, the temperature should be maintained at 25-28 ° C, if the temperature in the shed is too high, it can be covered with shade nets or grass shade to cool down.
Operation method: first use a bamboo skewer knife to remove the growth point of pumpkin seedlings, and then use a blade to cut obliquely from top to bottom from 0.5 cm below the cotyledon, the incision is 0.6 cm long, and the incision is as deep as 1/2 of the root neck. Cucumber seedlings from 2 cm below the cotyledon section from bottom to top obliquely cut, the incision length of 0.6 cm, the incision depth of 3/5-2/3 of the root neck; after the 2 melon seedlings are cut, the cucumber seedling cutout is hung on the pumpkin seedling incision, the two are aligned, clamped firmly with a grafting clip, when clipping, the cucumber seedling should be on the inside, and the pumpkin seedling on the outside, so as to facilitate root breaking. During the grafting operation, pay attention to the blade cleaning, do not contaminate the muddy water, so as to avoid bacterial infection; the hand force should be light, not damage the melon seedlings, causing the necrosis of the melon seedling tissue; the operation speed should be fast, so as to improve the survival rate.
How are cucumbers grafted? Click on the link video to watch: How Cucumbers Are Grafted
Grafted seedling planting: Grafted seedlings should be planted with grafting, with the buckle of the small shed, planting according to 10 cm row spacing to open a 5 cm deep ditch, the ditch first watered, and then according to the 10 cm plant spacing to put the seedlings, when the seedlings are placed, the cucumber root should be 0.5 cm away from the pumpkin root, so that the melon seedling interface is higher than 2 cm above the ground, and then cover the soil to stabilize the seedlings, and water again. After underwater infiltration, cover the dry soil and smooth the bed surface. The seedlings are planted in a square arrangement to facilitate future cutting. Immediately after planting a batch of seedlings, the arch film is closed to facilitate moisturizing. After planting 1 seedbed, water is immediately filled in the sand and gravel layer at the bottom of the seedbed, and the water is stopped after the water basically penetrates the vegetative soil, and the seedbed film is tightly closed and the excess water is drained.
Management of grafted seedlings: In order to ensure the survival of grafted seedlings, the management of grafted seedlings such as heat preservation, moisturizing, shading and disease prevention should be strengthened.
(1) Temperature management: maintain 25-30 °C during the day, 18-20 °C at night, drop to 25-27 °C during the day after 3 days, and drop to 14-16 °C at night. After rooting, it is increased to 28-30 ° C during the day and reduced to 10-16 ° C at night. 3-5 days before colonization, it drops to 20-23 ° C during the day and to 8-15 ° C at night. Seedlings are refined at low temperatures for colonization.
(2) Moisturizing and ventilation: The shed with grafted seedbeds is not ventilated for 3 days at the beginning, so that the air humidity is close to saturation. After 3 days, the ventilation begins, gradually reducing the wetness of the seedbed, exercising the seedlings and adapting them to the natural environment outside. Ventilation should first open the greenhouse, and the large mouth ventilation should reduce the humidity in the greenhouse as soon as possible. The ventilation of the shed should first open a small opening, and pay attention to the staggered opening between the vent and the vent of the greenhouse to prevent the cold wind from blowing the melon seedlings. After 4 days, the shed vent gradually increases, and by the sixth to seventh day, the shed film should be removed, and the greenhouse vent can be appropriately reduced to maintain a moderate temperature.
(3) Shading: shading can not be fully shaded, only can block the strong light, to try to make the grafted seedlings more light, as long as the melon seedlings do not wilt, the shorter the shading time, the better. Generally, the first day starts from about 9:00 a.m. to before 4:00 p.m., let it see more sunlight in the morning, shade only cover the east side of the arch in the morning, only cover the top of the arch at noon, and only cover the west side of the shed in the afternoon, try to make the seedlings more scattered light. The shade time should be gradually shortened, and the shade should be no longer around the sixth day. In this way, the melon seedlings see the light for a long time, the melon seedlings are robust, and the survival rate is high.
(4) Spraying: Remove the small arch shed film on the 6th-7th day of grafting, and immediately spray the seedlings with "Tianda-2116" Zhuang Miao Ling 800 times + 50% Anker 2000 times + 150 times brown sugar + 500 times urea liquid to improve the resistance of seedlings, promote flower bud differentiation, prevent germ infection, and induce disease.
(5) Watering, cutting, root breaking: immediately after spraying, fill through the water, after cutting the block, the cut block should be cut deeply through, and the cut block should be cut at the same time. Broken roots should be emphasized to be completed within 8-10 days to prevent the cucumber roots from thickening and the broken root wounds from being too large. The root break should be carried out at 3-5 pm on a sunny day, cut the cucumber root at 0.3 cm from the interface with a blade, and then cut the root stubble from the ground to prevent the root from re-healing and growing together. If wilting occurs after rooting. Proper shade can be provided to improve survival rate. If new shoots germinate after grafting, remove them in time to prevent affecting the growth of scion.
(6) Refining seedlings before transplanting: After root breaking, when the seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, transplant and settle in the greenhouse, 5-7 days before planting, ventilation and cooling must be large air outlets, 18-20 °C during the day, 10-16 °C at night, and refine the seedlings.
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【Description】This article is the painstaking efforts of Teacher Sun Peibo for decades, has carried out hundreds of small experiments, reformed the traditional theory and technology, summarized the research of greenhouse vegetables high yield, high quality, low carbon, environmental protection, green, safe, low input, high efficiency, zero garbage exclusion of greenhouse vegetable cultivation system; this is Sun Peibo's decades of experience summary, this article is the first public publication, if you need a complete version of the "greenhouse cucumber ultra-high yield high quality standardization technical regulations", please leave a message in the comment area "greenhouse cucumber 60,000 pounds." ", "Peibo Academy" will give the message to the friends who need to get it? Thank you for your support!