The fans of the old Beijing opera are all in the industry and nine streams. One of them seems to have been trained intensively, that is, he always regards himself as an expert. You say that he looks ugly and stupid, and you want to say that he is a layman who does not understand drama, as if he has planed the value of his existence, absolutely not.
Old Beijing Opera Garden
Introversion
The fans of the old Beijing opera are hundreds of industries, nine streams, five elements and eight works, and everyone has it. One of them seems to have been trained intensively, that is, he always regards himself as an expert. Half of the lower-middle-class theater fans have this tendency. You say that he looks ugly and stupid, and you want to say that he is a layman who does not understand drama, as if he has planed the value of his existence, absolutely not.
There are probably two criteria for distinguishing between insiders and outsiders. One is to divide by occupation. This one is a hassle-free. Whoever eats drama is an expert, and no one else counts. The two are divided by whether they understand the play or not. This trouble. What is "understanding the drama"? Do you understand who has the final say? Such entanglement with Zhou Zhang lies in these "insiders who do not eat drama".
Theater fans do not eat drama meals, but they are afraid that others will call him a layman. They like to get together and talk about the ticket play. Where there are more than three people, there is a basis and possibility for accidents. In order to seize the commanding heights, someone opens his mouth to say that others are laymen before they have a few words. Say that others are laymen, without him, but show themselves as insiders. Where in the world is there such a causal logic?
There are two types of old Beijing opera fans. One type is able to pull and sing, that is, the so-called ticket holders; the other type is neither pulling nor singing, specializing in listening and talking. These two kinds of people can't say who is more intelligent. Those who can pull and sing may stick to those few periods of life, and the others do not know. The belly of the one who does not pull and does not sing may be extremely wide, and the ugly even understands the scene, and can say drama to anyone. If you don't believe me, go to the park now and find a random theater stall, where there are always two or three "insiders" who do not pull or sing but never pick up idle children. It can be regarded as a legacy of the old Beijing.
In general, the old Beijing opera fans are a large group. When it comes to drama, their basic orientation is the same. For example, a certain corner of the thing is exquisite, a certain corner is not regular, their judgment is generally the same. For example, if the theater garden suddenly returns to the play or temporarily launches a shortage of goods on the stage, they manage and protect and join hands to ask for explanations. However, if you carefully examine their words and manners, they are all elegant and interesting.
Genre of fans
Singing has always been a genre. Inspired by this, the author thinks that the fans of the old Beijing opera may also be assigned. Quan took the late Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty drama fans as an example, made a slight dissection, tried to divide the following, and talked about the Bo Fang family.
First, "ear pie". Only bring your ears into the theater garden, sit there basically without opening your eyes, and listen to the singing is not a taste. Sometimes I open my eyes and look sideways at the sky, not watching the stage alone. Eat a cigarette with your left hand and clap your right hand on your thigh. If the right hand sniffs the melon seeds again, it will be patted on the tiptoe. In the end, the plate eye can not stop. Insiders sing and talk about "heart plates", they are "hand and foot plates". Of course, the ear pai always says "listen to the play", and those who say "watch the play" will be ridiculed by him as "waijiang". (There are also people who listen to the play from this)
Second, the "Horned Child Faction". It is often interleaved with the "ear school". The Horned Children's Faction does not ask about the drama code, but first asks who the corner of the head road is. When the two of them met, A asked B, "Who are you listening to today?" "They listen to the play with the horns as the center. The horn party has a number of masterpieces of a certain corner, as long as the name is reported, you know what kind of drama it should be. In their eyes, there were only Lao Tan, Wang Datou, Yu Maobao, Tian Guifeng, Wang Yaoqing, Yang Xiaolou, Yu Shuyan, Mei Lanfang, and so on. All Liu Hongsheng, Xu Yintang, and Wang Xiaonong only despised them as "calling the street", "calling donkeys", and "birds" (Wang Xiaonong's voice is as small as a bird's call). They managed the three loud old students in Beijing at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Xu Yintang, Shuang kuoting, and Wei Jiufeng, called "three donkeys". These three are famous for a while, and the ticket friends are born, and in their eyes, they are not good enough to be good. ("Street-calling" originally refers to a kind of beggar along the street in old Beijing, characterized by slow walking and shouting)
3. "Terminology school". Open mouth is the term in the pear garden industry, which is large and cold. Even if you talk to people who don't listen to the play, you don't care whether people understand or don't understand. Mouth full of incisions, as if underground people joint, no one can guess that they are talking about stage drama. At the very least, there are often the following words in the mouth: riveting, hugging, spilling dog blood, before the horse, taking thieves, eating screws, nibbling, seeing the sound, drinking, drilling, hanging, drawing lots, stir-frying chicken feathers, thick skin, opening the gate, frying nests, shearing, pulling, planing, black, sucking, wading water, pouring two, Tan's, changing tires, smashing rammers, hitting iron, sinking on one side, etc. (Not to be listed)
Fourth, "living and noting". Energy and thoughts are spent on the details of The Horn's birth history and life, and there are fewer drama and art things. In their hearts, the horns are like the emperor, and they are like the officials of the inner court, recording all the actions of the emperor at any time (mostly in the heart). For example, if you ask a certain corner about a certain sentence of a play sung in a certain theater garden on a certain day in a certain month of a certain year, they can open their mouths and hum it. For example, Jiao'er's teacher inheritance, shifting, unique skills, preferences, tobacco tea, whereabouts, ancestors of the eight generations and other situations have been carefully investigated. There is only one emperor, and there are many beijing horns, and they can give each one a "living note". Obligatory.
Fifth, "Guijing Faction". As long as it is not a corner of Beijing, no matter how famous he is, no matter how good or bad the things are, first scold him for a foreign river. After scolding, just shake your head and skim your lips, and make a dismissive remark. It's okay to talk about it, but there's never a good word.
Sixth, "daily addiction". A few words of drama must be talked about every day. Rice can not be eaten, sleep can not sleep, drama can not be said. They generally have a fixed number of people, but also a fixed location, every day always have to meet a few words to talk, do not talk even if they can not go. In the past, there were two groups of "Daily Addiction Sects" in the "Tianhui Zhai" snuff shop south of The East Tou'er Road of Dashilar and a bathhouse north of the Xidan Arch Building (I forgot the name for a while). Some people don't wipe their snuff at all, don't take a shower, and just say a few words to sit there. These two brands are also frequented by insiders.
VII. The "Yag School". These people are not ordinary middle- and lower-class citizens, but have higher cultivation and status status, and most of them are family families. Such as scholars, cultural celebrities, social elites, royal families, officials, newspaper people, etc. Most of these fans are yashi, pay attention to style, and are called "YAG". They play tickets are all big drama, full of business, high level. Sometimes there are good horns in the insider to accompany the uncle Gao Le, whose hand is not comparable to ordinary people. This category is not high in the huge fan group, but it is definitely not lacking. Beijing is the ancient capital of hundreds of years, and there are many gods and immortals in various directions.
Choosing mao'er's "tweezers"
The above factions all add up to about 70% or 80% of the old Beijing opera fans. They are the mainstream of the theater garden, representing the overall level of the fans, which can be described as not low. These people are the rulers of the old Kyo Lingren, measuring the work of the actors on the stage. If the lingren want to stand in Beijing, they must first pass this pass.
These fans' ears are not very good to serve, and of course, they do not rub sand in their eyes. The actors on the stage shook their heads and skimmed their lips if there was a slightest mismatch. If anyone sings the wrong word or inverts the yellow cavity, he intends to fool the past, and the quasi-porcelain porcelain is really poured one by one. Some of the fans who listen to a play a dozen times or even dozens of times are, where to raise the heights, where to have a child, where to get up the eyes, which should touch and walk, which is a sharp word, which should read Yin Ping, where to go and grab the back, etc., the edges are along the horns, and there is nothing they don't know about on the stage. They sit offstage listening to the play, their ears are clear, and they are specially selected for actors (zhai) Mao'er, commonly known as "tweezers". These fans are lucky for the actors. In the past, Jingjiao'er rarely hated or even hated the audience who understood the drama, because what people said was right, which spurred the people to seriously practice their skills to increase their knowledge and ability.
In the past, Xu Xiaoxiang, the originator of Xiaosheng, sang "XiaoganTian", and the word "Gong" of Gongshu Duan fell (here is Yin Ping, pronounced "Gong" sound, Xu Xiaoxiang read into the common Gong). After stepping down, a fan stopped Xu Xiaoxiang and said: "Boss Xu, you changed your surname to someone, there is no such person in this play." Xu Xiaoxiang was about to perform the worship service immediately, and the fans quickly stopped him, deeply admiring Xu Xiaoxiang's big horns being so humble.
Zhang Erkui, the old student of the Three Dingjia, once "walked on the horse" on the stage (that is, walking on the horse, showing riding a horse to hurry), and stomped his feet when he lived. On the second day, an old opera fan said to Zhang Erkui: "Boss Zhang, after yesterday's play, I picked a stirrup, maybe you lost it." Zhang Erkui was stunned, and said in his heart that I did not ride out on horseback. The old fan continued: "You sang happily yesterday, riding a horse and stomping your feet, and the stirrups kicked the ground." Zhang Erkui was convinced, and immediately thanked the old opera fans.
Tan Xinpei once sang "Battle Changsha" with Da Li Wu in Fucheng Garden. Old Tan's Huang Zhong, when he played with the knife and flowers, first dragged the large knife head-on, and then folded the knife back. Suddenly, someone in the audience shouted, "The horse's head has fallen." Old Tan entered the backstage, quickly let the bag to the "shrimp miju" (a tavern next to Fucheng Garden) to book a private room, and asked the gentleman who shouted down the stage to stay. After washing his face, Lao Tan personally invited this fan to the "Shrimp Miju" for a drink. After taking a seat, Lao Tan asked, "What do you mean by shouting 'the horse's head has fallen off?'" The fan replied, "After your big knife is dragged head-on, you have to fold it back flat, and if you fold the knife from below, won't the horse's head be cut off?" Old Tan listened to the teachings, was sincerely impressed, and was overjoyed, toasting and thanking. The drama in the old Jingfu City Garden is quite difficult to sing, and the fans in that area are half stomach lunch and half stomach drama, nothing else.
Just the above three examples are a bit of evidence of the profound knowledge of the fans of the old Beijing opera.
Just listen
Fans of old Beijing opera pay attention to selling shares and playing scores, do not listen to the drama indiscriminately, and those who are not qualified do not listen at all. In the past, the backstage of the drama class often said "who to sing today", that is, who sings today. Fans often say "who are you listening to today?" Good horns can be heard, good dramas and bad corners cannot be heard. "Listening to the drama is listening to the horns" is the rule of the old Beijing, it can also be said that it is the rule of Peking Opera, no one enters the theater garden to listen to the story and study the plot (spend two cents to buy a script and go home to study it for a lifetime). The ones who sing the big axis and the finale are all horns (the finale is also called "inverted two", and the person before the finale is called "inverted three" or "inverted third"). Individuals who sing the inverted three are also horns), and listening to the horns can also be described as listening to the axis.
Even if it is a play of the horns, some people do not listen to the whole thing. In his mind, this drama is even worth a sentence. Although it is an individual to spend a piece of ocean and listen to a sentence, it is not nothing. They either sat at home drinking tea or wandering the streets, pinching the hour, and asking him to listen to the sentence that was coming, and then it was leisurely. After listening to the feet, I will go, and I will not stay for a second. In fact, he is idle, there is no fart, just for selling.
Yu Shuyan sang "Drumming and Scolding Cao", and one of the fans did not listen to it before and after, waiting for Hu Qin'er's "deep night" bow to be dragged, and Yu Daxian drummed in one fell swoop before he came in. Just listen to the drum sleeve of Mr. Yu's "Scolding Exercise". (Author's note: The drum sleeve of this play has always been the essence.) Tan Xinpei's drums are varied and exquisite, accompanied by Hu Qin'er of Meiyutian, which is called "double absolute", and returns to the bombing nest. Yu Shuyan is close to old Tan, and has unique experience, which is naturally good. The generous house Chen Yanheng Chen Twelve Masters is a giant of the scene, and this set of drums is also exquisite, passed to Yang Baozhong, who in turn taught to his cousin Yang Baosen. I would like to remind you not to forget to listen to this. ）
Those who listen to the play are the same as those who sing the play, and the level is uneven. There are rules for singing, if you can't do it, you can't go to work at all, and you don't have a chance to go on stage once. Listening to the drama is different. No matter whether the theater garden is noble or noble, high, fat and thin, as long as you spend money, the front desk guy will take you as a master. As for whether you understand the drama or not, no one worries at all. The clever guy looked at you dressed decently, and perhaps praised you a few words: "Uncle you are here, one look at you is a big insider, boss Ben Tan came, a good seat is only worthy of your connoisseur." You sit down and take a breath, and I'll make you tea. ”
"Look at the flag raising"
Cut out the above 70% or 80% of the children's drama fans, the remaining 20% or 30% of the children should not be allowed to use the word "drama fans", the old Beijing saying calls them "watching the flag-pulling children", referring to people who enter the theater garden as soon as the gong is opened. The old Beijing opera stage did not have a big curtain, and it was wide open on three sides. Before the play, some knives and guns and a few flags are placed on the stage, which is called "setting the stage". After the "three links" (the scene before the opening of the play sounded three times, called "opening up", the last gong and drum sounded urgently, indicating that the play would start immediately), and the upper stage of the inspection site withdrew the last child to take the flag. The person who heads into the garden is called "watch the flag-raising child.". This is a mockery, saying that they don't know how to listen to drama. Decent people who know how to do things only listen to the axis play, and no one watches "raising the flag".
In the past, the first three gong plays in the play garden (also known as "hat play") were called in at most 20 or 30% of the children's seats, and the central axis could be 40% or 50% after the middle axis, and the third began to be on the people, and the finale was 80% of the children's seats, and the big axis was full of children. This is generally the rule. These two or three percent of the children who "look at the flag" can be divided into two categories.
The first category, when you enter the garden, you will see the liveliness. Hat play and small martial arts drama in the middle axis are the most pleasing to their hearts. Tiger jumps, spinners, brutes and other heels on the stage and open the knife they look at the most enjoyable. And sit in front of you, smiling and happy. This is to use Peking Opera as an acrobatic juggler. Whether the heels on the stage are "smashing" or not, they don't know at all, and they don't care about "eating soil" (martial arts is dusty, and all take care of these people sitting in the front row). When the third literary drama came up, they said in their hearts, "What is this blind singing?" Half a day without turning over. It's really evil, and there are still people who call it good." He really couldn't hold his head offstage and simply left. At this time, the finale has not yet been on, their money is equal to throwing away, and the guy just sold the seat they vacated to the listener to the axis play. They are spending their own money to occupy a seat for others.
The second category is to be able to sit down and listen to literary drama. But one does not understand this faction and that faction, and the other does not know the taste of the voice. They looked handsome and listened to their voices and felt that the money had not been spent in vain. From the opening of the gong to the big shaft, I always grinned happily. They also know how to shout good, but they don't know where to shout well except to shout after others. Sometimes I don't pay attention, and I can't help but scream hard. Either "called the waist", or treat the ugly as beautiful. Attract the fans around them to glance at them. Even sometimes the fans shouted down the good child, they thought it was just right, and they also shouted hard. All screwed up.
"Watching the flag-raising children" is not necessarily the chick who entered the garden for the first time, nor is it necessarily the old catcher who has just entered the city. Some people also claim to have watched a lifetime of drama (watching a lifetime of raising the flag), but they can't enter the threshold of "drama fans". Ponder why they are like this, that is, rough, everything is not careful, plausible, do not seek much understanding, probably Qi, everything will be mixed up, never take another step forward. There are passers-by in every line.
In the mid-1930s, there was a church meeting in Beijing. A spectator sat in the audience for several hours, really couldn't hold back, and asked the person next to him: "There is Ma Lianliang today, why can't he go up?" The one next to him said, "The one who just went down is Ma Lianliang." He still wanted to cover up, and then he was even more timid: "I heard that there is still Yu Shuyan today, and it is not yet on it." Catching up with the good temper next to him, he replied again: "Now this is Mr. Yu on the stage." ”
epilogue
In a word, the old Beijing opera fans have the most wide, narrow and shallow circles. Beijing is the birthplace of Peking Opera, and in the old days, good horns were like forests, with countless insiders and masters. If you feel that the heat is not enough, you will not dare to perform in Beijing. Once the singing is smashed, it is too difficult to slow down. The team that picks the class has to disperse, and the class that takes the class has to quit the class, it is really not a joke. Beijing opera fans simply do not allow firewood goods without real skills to be troubled on stage. Grandmaster-level figures like Yang Xiaolou and Yu Shuyan, before their debut, did not dare to squat at the bottom to the big axis, and even the finale was vague, and even sang down the third. The first time Yang Xiaolou sang the big axis was when Old Tan Lian was tricked into driving ducks to the shelf and forced him to go up. They are afraid that their own things will not be able to suppress the seats, as long as they smash the pot together in the audience. Think of how difficult it is for fans of old Beijing opera to be (also known as "crooked", The Beijing dialect, fiddling and dealing with the meaning. Difficult to coo is difficult to deal with and difficult to fiddle with).
Having said that, it is precisely the fine and strict requirements of the fans of the old Beijing opera that have created the glory of the top of peking opera a hundred years ago to a certain extent.