The oracle bone is from Jie (kneeling person) and from Xin (torture knife), which refers to the imposition of punishment on people. Or add a block, indicating the part under the division, presumably the ancient Lingchi torture (Chinese character source stream dictionary). The gold glyph is similar to the oracle bone, and the word from the door from the hands appears, taking the meaning of opening the door with both hands. The glyphs of the seal script are similar to those of the golden script and are standardized.
"Sayings": "To break, to fa ye, from Jie, from Xin, to temper his sins also." From the mouth, the user also. The original meaning is execution, punishment, from the original meaning to "crime", "law", "governance", "monarch" and other nouns; later, the part of speech changes, from the noun to the verb, with the meaning of "conscription", "ward off evil", "avoidance", "avoidance", "avoidance". From the door to the opener, there are other meanings such as "open", "pioneering", "thorough", "screen removal", "refutation" and so on.
It is rare for those who write words to be found in money. During the Warring States period, the back of the Qi dadao had the word "kaifeng". The word "to open" here, from the door from the hand, is consistent with the Jinwen "", should be done "to open up, open up", "seal" word, "say the Ministry of Literature and Soil" Cloud: Feng, the land of the princes, from it, from the soil, from the inch, to keep its system also. Waiting for a hundred miles, Bo seventy miles, and a son and a man fifty miles. Here can refer to "knighthood", "territory", the meaning of the word "seal" should refer to "open up the territory, build meritorious service".
The character for "to open up" in Hanhua is commonly used in qianwen such as "half two soldiers", "five baht for troops", "springs for soldiers", "fifty backs for big springs", and "to open up troops and eliminate the central government".
Soldier, oracle bone from the jin (axe) from the hand, both hands to raise the meaning of the axe also. "Sayonara" cloud "soldiers, weapons also." "Originally meant to be a weapon, it was later extended to mean a soldier with a weapon, an army, war, a military, and an armed killing, wounding, etc.
As the first long-term stable unified feudal empire in Chinese history, the Han Dynasty carried out countless large and small wars in the hundreds of years from the establishment of the empire to the Zen Dynasty and Cao Wei, in order to unify the regime, expand the territory, quell the rebellion and other purposes, it can be said that the history of the Han Dynasty is also an ancient war history.
The military service system of the Han Dynasty was strict, requiring all people to be soldiers. There are mainly the following systems.
1. Zheng Gong: Zhuang Ding must gather in this county every autumn to perform once, which is a big review, called du test, for a period of one month. Return to your hometown at the end of the period. The state has a matter, and it is called temporarily.
2. Zhuang Ding needs to take turns to serve as a guard in the central government for one year during his lifetime, and the cost is provided by the state
3. Zhuang Ding needs to take turns to the border defense for January every year, also known as Shubian, and all the costs are borne by themselves.
In addition to the above several military services, Zhuang Ding also needs to serve for one month per year, and is scheduled to serve in the local area in turn according to the book, called "official pawn".
An ordinary civilian, who has to serve in the local military in a year, who has to serve as a pawn on the frontier, and who also has to serve in the local area, has to do quite a heavy burden. However, there are exceptions, according to the laws of the Han Dynasty, reaching a certain title or status recognized by the imperial court can be exempted from military service; in addition, it can also be paid by the government to hire people to replace service.
Lao Tzu Yun "Fu Jia Soldier, Ominous Weapon... It is not a gentleman's instrument, and it must be used as a last resort. "War has always represented disaster and ominousness, and is the force of last resort. The common meaning of the word "to dispatch soldiers" in Hanhua is twofold: one is to pray to get rid of conscription and avoid military service; the other is to pray that the military disasters will be eliminated during the service period and the harm of the sword soldiers will be avoided. Acts as an amulet.
In the Han Dynasty, there were many kinds of coins, among which the spring button sealers were between coins and seals. Its circular square hole is very close to the Chinese flower shape, and there are generally round holes on the coin that can be worn with leather belts for wearing at the waist. Currency circulates endlessly like a spring, so some people compare money to a spring, so the circular button is also known as the spring button, which has become one of the ancient buttons.
This spring button print is a relatively special variety. The money is decorated with a double crane pattern, and the pattern of the money body is worn on one side and sits on the West Queen Mother, flanked by green dragons and white tigers, and the xuanwu below, the shape is vivid and full. On the other side, the coin body is decorated with a double-circle inscription, and the inner circle is read directly in four characters: "Bad mouth ji".
The eighteen characters of the outer circle are read in a spin: "As a good one, the fourth brother (Yi) serves, the wind and rain season five hubs, and the parents are happy." The three-point dividing symbol between "Zuo" and "Le" is decorated, and the word "Le" is obviously missing after the word," which is very similar to the phenomenon of subtraction, subtraction, and omission of strokes in the Hanjing inscription. In addition, the capital inscriptions also have many interchanges with the Hanjing inscriptions, such as:
1. "It is a good thing to make a good mirror, there are immortals who do not know old age, thirst for jade springs, hungry for dates, and live as gold." 2. "Du Shi made [Mirror] Four Yi Costumes, Duohe Xinjia people rested, Hu Yu perished and the world was restored, the grain was ripe in the wind and rain, the second relative of Chang bao was blessed, and the descendants of the Future Generations were passed on, and the official position was high." “
3. "Qinggai makes mirrors and four Yi costumes, the people of Duohe country rest, Hu Yu (lick) destroys the world, the grain is ripe in the wind and rain, and the second relative of Changbao gets the power of heaven"
The Han people have the custom of wearing things, and they are accustomed to wearing small ornaments such as pearls, coins, seals, and knives around their waists. Among them, in addition to the official and private seals, there is also a kind of seal of victory. Victory is a kind of alchemy of the ancient alchemists, which means that it can subdue people or things with a seal, with the intention of overturning, fitting, inhibiting, blocking, hiding, suppressing, etc., suppressing evil charms and achieving victory. The design of the Seal of Pressure Victory has a variety of buttons like the private seal, and the content is mainly based on the polytheistic or four-spirit pattern or the words of the Pressure Victory and Ji language, such as the "Baopuzi Inner Chapter Dengshi" Cloud: "The ancient people and the mountain people all wear the seal of the Yellow God Yue Zhang, which is four inches wide. Its word is one hundred and twenty, and the four sides where the mud dwells are one hundred steps, then the tiger and wolf do not dare to approach it. At present, the Han seals found do contain contents such as "Huang Shen Yue Zhang", "Huang Shen", "Huang Yue God", "Huang Yue Messenger Huang Yue", etc., but the Han seal with four inches and one hundred and twenty words has not yet found Guo.
Folk money is also known as the money of victory or the money of victory, and the early money of victory mainly has the two functions of warding off evil spirits and suppressing disasters and praying for blessings. The design of the spring button print is mostly decorative patterns such as Ji language and gods and spirits and beasts popular in the Han Dynasty, which obviously has the function of winning.
Different from the context of "avoiding conscription and avoiding harm" in the "soldiers" coin, the text printed on this "Do Good" spring button is a blessing and wish for auspicious language, and its self-inscription is "Pei", which adds new content to our understanding of the word "Kai" in Hanhua. In other words, the connotation of the word "pei" has been extended on the pei qian of this spring button seal, and in the eyes of the Han people, "pei" can be a specific physical object, and its definition has been or extended to all the ways of "blessing, prayer, curse, and incantation" to achieve the purpose of eliminating evil and getting lucky, that is, the category of what we usually call "suppressing victory".
(The picture in the article comes from the Network)