The Tang Dynasty is one of the most famous dynasties in ancient China, which has left a deep imprint on the genes of the Chinese nation, and until now, most overseas Chinese have been called "Tang people". When people mention the Tang Dynasty, they always like to use "Datang", "Shengtang" and "Jutang" to describe it. At the peak of the Tang Dynasty, it was the most powerful country in the world at that time, Chang'an became the most famous international metropolis, and the world praised the Tang Dynasty as "the prosperous tang dynasty, the coming of all nations".
Tang Dynasty streets
Datang has a lot of temperament, and one of the most important ones is that it is open and inclusive.
At the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, due to the tyranny of the Sui Emperor, the people's livelihood was withered, the situation of great chaos in the world, the population was reduced from 6.9 million households to 2 million households, Li Shimin witnessed the process of the peasant uprising to overthrow the Sui Dynasty, and realized the importance of the peasant class to the imperial rule, so he did not count births, meritocracy, even the former prince Li Jiancheng's old courtiers, he did not care about the previous suspicions, only to reuse, the famous Tang Dynasty general Wei Chigong, who was born as a blacksmith, later joined the army of Liu Wuzhou, the king of Jinyang, and became hostile to Li Shimin.
All nations come to the dynasty
"In nine days, the palace was opened, and all the nations were crowned with crowns." The Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei once indulged in admiring the gorgeous scene of the "Dynasty of All Nations", when it was like a magnificent palace built on top of nine heavens, slowly opening the doors of the palace, scattered in many countries around the world, sending envoys dressed in exquisite and gorgeous clothes to gather under the glory of the Tang Dynasty. Such a prosperous scenery can't help but make people's hearts flutter, but which "all nations" is it? This is worth exploring.
According to statistics, after the great peasant uprising at the end of the Sui Dynasty, the number of people decreased sharply, and during the tang gaozu wude years, the actual population controlled by the government was only more than 2 million households, but after the early Tang Dynasty recuperated, the number of household registrations in the country began to increase year by year, and by the thirteenth year of Tang Xuanzong Tianbao, the actual control of the official was as high as 9619254 households. The effective implementation of the people's livelihood policy of treating the people as water and treating oneself like a boat promoted the qingming of the officials and the emergence of a situation of social stability, accelerated the development of social economy, and enabled the society of the early Tang Dynasty to quickly get rid of the shadow of the war at the end of the Sui Dynasty.
Some people say that the Tang Dynasty was the most open dynasty in ancient China, which is true, the Tang Dynasty was indeed open, and this kind of opening up is not simply the opening of people's living habits, but the opening up of all aspects and fields, from politics to culture to economy. Women who lived in the Tang Dynasty were much luckier than other dynasties.
Tang Dynasty full-breasted skirt with umbrella beauty
Tang Dynasty people's openness first reflected in the dress, in many Tang Dynasty film and television dramas, we see that Tang Dynasty women usually like to wear low-cut clothes and bandeaus, that is, semi-open-chested, this kind of low-cut clothing or bandeau suit is actually a chest suit, which is transformed on the basis of traditional skirts, the neck is completely exposed, the chest is in a state of half-concealment and half-exposed, Tang Dynasty women pursue a sense of elegance, advocating the free development of the body, showing the beauty of flesh, even if modern men see the estimation will also drool, many literati inkers in the Tang Dynasty left behind "The chest is like a snow face like a flower", "The snow is left on the chest", "the pink chest is half hidden from the clear snow" and other poems of Tang Dynasty women.
Tang Dynasty fan dance long song
During the tang dynasty, the central government absorbed the system of the previous dynasty, and after a series of reforms of the central official system of the former dynasty, it finally established the three provinces and six ministries system. Among them, three provinces are Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province, and Shangshu Province, and the six departments refer to the officials, household departments, ceremonial departments, military departments, criminal departments, and works departments under Shangshu Province. Each department has four divisions, for a total of twenty-four divisions. Although in the following time, the rulers of each period changed this system to varying degrees in order to consolidate their position, but the six-part system continued until the end of the Qing Dynasty.
This unique central official system, which adapts to the trend of China's historical development, is perfectly combined with the absolute monarchical system implemented by the agricultural powers, satisfies the requirements of strengthening imperial power, weakens the power of the phase, and at the same time restricts the emergence and development of local separatist forces and promotes the operation of departments and institutions, and promotes the peak of China's feudal society. Women who lived in the Tang Dynasty were much luckier than other dynasties. Although the Tang Dynasty still existed the system and ideology of male superiority over female inferiority, the social constraints on women were much smaller, and women had greater freedom.
apparel
This can be seen from the daily dress and living habits of Women in the Tang Dynasty, and most of the things that Men of the Tang Dynasty can do can be done by women, even the emperor, Wu Zetian, who is a woman, sits on it.
Wu Zetian
In order to place the noodle head and at the same time facilitate fun, Wu Zetian set up a "crane control prison", in addition to Wu Zetian himself often patronizing here, her daughter Princess Taiping also came to share a piece of the pie from time to time.
In the matter of sharing the "Crane Control Prison", the mother and daughter got along very harmoniously, not only ordinary faces could be shared, but even Xue Huaiyi, who was deeply favored by Wu Zetian, and others also served Princess Taiping.
Even if there is Wu Zetian's harem regiment to relieve the boredom,
Princess Taiping
Princess Taiping still searched everywhere for beautiful men and raised them in the "Horse House". Princess Taiping's preference for men was not limited to the children of laymen, even Buddhist monks, as long as they were good, she would never let them go.
Fan Hui is a flower monk, and before he met Princess Taiping, it can be said that the scenery is infinite. He claimed to have visited all the Buddhist temples and was a high-ranking monk in his twenties. With such a reputation, Fan Hui attracted many big girls and little daughters-in-law to worship. However, Li Shimin spared his talents and did not care about his previous suspicions and included him in his camp, and it was Li Shimin's broad mind that allowed him to obtain a group of hard-hearted sages and lay the foundation for the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty. Looking at the 289 years of history of the Tang Dynasty, there have been a total of "Zhenguan Rule", "Kaiyuan Shengshi", "Yuan and Zhongxing", "Huichang Zhongxing" and many other Taiping prosperous times, the world knows that Datang is the most prosperous dynasty in history, the people's customs are open, so to what extent is the people's style of Datang open?
Li Shiming
Different from the closed country of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the emperors of the Tang Dynasty advocated the acceptance of cultural inheritance of various countries, exchange and learning, and diversified in economic, social, artistic and other aspects, so in this period, a large number of literati and righteous people emerged, such as Libian, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and other influential poets, in addition, Tang Taizong also let Japan, Silla and other vassal states learn their own culture, learn from each other's strengths, and learn from each other's good side, the tang dynasty people and kings learned and learned together.
Princess Goyang
Princess Gaoyang was Tang Taizong's most beloved daughter, and Emperor Taizong treated her in response to the phrase "holding it in her hand for fear of falling, and holding it in her mouth for fear of melting." Bottomless love gave the princess a fairly loose and comfortable environment to grow up in, but it also cultivated her bad habits of pampering and arrogance, wanton behavior. And chang, Emperor Taizong gave Gao Yang xu to Fang Yi's second son Fang Xuanling.
The union of Princess Gaoyang and Fang Yi'ai was originally a political marriage, and Emperor Taizong used his daughter as a "gift" to envelop and reward Fang Xuanling. In addition, Fang Yi'ai is a rough person, who has no culture and likes to dance guns and sticks, quite like a big old man, without inheriting even a little wisdom of his father. Therefore, in this marriage, the husband and wife have neither an emotional foundation nor the soil to cultivate feelings. Helplessly, the emperor's order could not be violated, and the two had to live together. After Fang Xuanling's death, according to the regulations, the position of Guanglu Doctor could be inherited by fang Zhizhi, the eldest son of concubine. However, in order to make her identity more prominent, Princess Gaoyang forced Fang Zhizhi to cede the inheritance to her husband Fang Fang. Coincidentally, this matter was known to Li Shimin, and as a generation of Ming Jun, he did not have the slightest favoritism toward his daughter and son-in-law- although he was quite fond of them on weekdays. Not only that, Li Shimin also became more and more disgusted with Fang's widow and his wife because of this incident, and the relationship between Gao Yang and Taizong's women was increasingly collapsing. Seeing that her husband was not out, Princess Gaoyang was even more tired of her husband.
Princess Goyang and the Debater
According to the New Book of Tang and the Zizhi Tongjian, when Princess Gaoyang was hunting with Fang Yi'ai, she went to the realm where the debater monks were practicing meditation. The princess saw the handsome and temperamental debater monk and immediately launched a fierce attack on him. Although the debater was mastered by Master Xuanzang, xiu wei was not enough after all, and it did not take long to fall under the pomegranate skirt of Princess Gaoyang. After that, the two often had adultery behind their backs and became a real couple, so unhappy.
The people talk about the world
Not only women, but also the people of the Tang Dynasty were very open. During the Prosperous Tang Dynasty, the social atmosphere was relaxed, and the people had great freedom of speech, and they could even gather in teahouses like the Spring and Autumn Warring States to discuss state affairs and pinpoint current politics. The Tang Dynasty had many poems satirizing current politics, and the rulers would not be angry after seeing them, and the imperial court allowed the literati to talk about state affairs. In addition, the Tang Dynasty's ethnic policy was also very open. The Tang Dynasty was an era of great national integration, and even emperor Li Shimin had the blood of the Hu people flowing through his body. After Li Shimin came to power, he made it clear to the world: "Since ancient times, all of them have been noble in China, and they have loved each other as one, so their seeds and fallen are like their parents." "The Tang Dynasty did not have a discriminatory policy against ethnic minorities, and all ethnic groups were treated equally, whether hu or Han, and enjoyed the same rights.
Tang Dynasty female literati
As for the openness of folk customs, the reason why we call the ancient dynasty a feudal society is because of the inherent patriarchal preference and stubborn thinking in the hearts of the ancients, but in the Tang Dynasty, the social status of women has been significantly improved, becoming the only dynasty in history where women can freely divorce and marry, which also makes the Tang Dynasty in that period, the country was rich and the people were strong, and the reputation spread far and wide, since the Tang Dynasty, overseas countries have been called Chinese, mostly "Tang people".
According to the records, there are only 6 countries in history that can obtain the prosperity of the Ten Thousand Kingdoms Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty is the country that has received the most "All Nations Coming Dynasty" after the Sui Dynasty, and it is also mentioned in the Six Classics of Tang that during the Tang Dynasty, a total of more than 300 countries paid tribute to the Tang Dynasty. In 658, Emperor Gaozong of Tang changed Luoyang Palace to The Eastern Capital, and since then, Luoyang has become the main palace for receiving all the kingdoms. Wang Wei, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, once described the prosperity of the Tang Xuanzong period in "Works of the Ming Palace in the Early Dynasty of the Jiashe People".
Ethnic minority women
Today's Tibetan people originated from Tubo, the original inhabitants of the Tibetan plateau are the Meng, and later after continuous ethnic integration, the Tubo people were formed, and they established a slave regime.
In the process of exchanges, Tibet and the Tang Dynasty engaged in a long military game, but friendly coexistence was still the mainstream between the two sides. For example, the well-known story of Princess Wencheng entering Tibet, when the princess brought a large number of exquisite and luxurious gold and silver jewelry and rich ancient Chinese classics, as well as various crop seeds and skilled craftsmen into Tibet, to promote friendly exchanges between the Han and Chinese people. In addition to Princess Wencheng, Princess Tang Jincheng also carried a large number of exquisite silks and turtle bands into Tibet.
Princess Wencheng
With the increasingly close exchanges between the two sides, many children of Tubo nobles also entered the Tang Dynasty to learn Han culture, and Tubo's healthy horses and exquisite and strange luxuries were also continuously imported into the mainland. Friendly economic, political and cultural exchanges have deepened the friendship between the Han and Chinese peoples. In the seventeenth year of the new century, the renunciation of the shranky Zampu said to Tang Xuanzong: "My nephew is the uncle of the former emperor, and he was also sent down to the princess of Jincheng, so he and the same family, the people of the world, all the people are happy." This shows that the Han and Chinese peoples had established a deep friendship at that time.
In Tubo, due to the continuous intensification of contradictions within the ruling class and social class contradictions, under the pressure of successive years of famine, a large-scale peasant uprising broke out in Tubo, and under the alternating influence of various forces, Tubo gradually moved towards feudal society.
"Sichuan plains surrounded by floating clouds, the palace is jagged and scattered in the light" The world's historical city of Xi'an is one of the four ancient capitals of the world's major civilizations, the starting point of the Silk Road, it has a history of more than 3,000 years of city building, and is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation. Qin Terracotta Warriors, Han Weiyang Palace, Sui Daxing City, Tang Daming Palace, etc. outline the "Chang'an complex", simple and thick, elegant and mysterious, coupled with its distinctive characteristics, a variety of gourmet snacks, attracting countless tourists every year. However, last winter' Xi'an became extremely "hot" because of the realistic version of "One Man Falling City". This person is the "Tumbler Sister" who has exploded on the Internet, and this city is xi'an's Tang Dynasty city that never sleeps.
Datang city that never sleeps
Remember the tumbler sister who played Yang Guifei? Graceful posture, feminine eyes, beautiful makeup and hair... She used a smile to show the feminine charm of the tang dynasty beauties to the fullest, and she was the beginning of many people traveling through time and space and dreaming back to Chang'an. Countless people went to Xi'an, just to shake hands with her once, and countless people braved the cold and queued for more than ten hours, just to wait for her to appear. She was alone and poured out a city. At that time, some people joked: "Tourists from all over Xi'an either gather in the City that never sleeps in Datang or rush on the way to the City that never sleeps."
"Spring clouds cover the walls of the city, and the river pavilion is quiet and quiet" Today's Xi'an Tang Dynasty Sleepless City can be said to be the place that best represents the beautiful night view of Xi'an, brilliant as day, beautiful, magnificent and brilliant, and chuchu moving. We all know that the culture of the Tang Dynasty spread far and wide, and after the rule of Zhenguan and the prosperity of the Kaiyuan Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty became the most powerful and civilized country in the world at that time, and everywhere presented a prosperous scene of the four seas and the coming of all the countries. With the theme of history and culture, Datang Sleepless City realizes the unity of history and reality through the perfect combination of innovative architectural forms and modern science and technology, so that tourists who shuttle through it seem to have crossed back to the once-flourishing Tang Dynasty.
They have sent envoys to make good friends with Datang, willing to submit to Datang's feet and pay tribute to various good things every year. Japan is also one of them, although Japan has been constantly harassing the Chinese border since ancient times, but they are also afraid of seeing the Tang Dynasty, sending envoys to learn various techniques, and paying tribute to various treasures and beauties, but the Japanese nation has always been disgusting, as long as there is an opportunity to invade the Central Plains, and in modern times, so we still have to be vigilant at all times.
Of course, as mentioned above, the Tang Dynasty's openness was not limited to internal, its foreign policy was also very open. The Tang Dynasty was economically developed, and its culture, politics, and science and technology were all ahead of the world, but the Tang Dynasty did not close the country and looked at everything, and since Silla unified the Korean Peninsula, the Tang Dynasty and Silla continued friendly exchanges. At that time, many merchants from the Korean Peninsula crossed the Yalu River and came to Tang to trade, so the Tang Dynasty specially set up many "Silla Fang" for Silla merchants to get a safe and comfortable living environment and promote friendly trade between the two countries.
Not only businessmen, but also the footprints of Silla students can often be seen in the land of Datang. It is worth mentioning that among the many students who come to Tang to study, the students in Silla are the most. Some international students returned to their homeland to spread Tang culture after completing their studies, and the other part of the international students either stayed in Tang or took the Tang Examination to become a scholar and enter the DPRK as an official. For example, after Cui Zhiyuan was admitted as a jinshi at the age of 18, he stayed in the Tang Dynasty as an official and wrote the "Guiyuan Pen Cultivation Record", which recorded many precious historical materials for future generations.
Another country that had frequent exchanges with the Tang Dynasty was Japan. At that time, Japanese society was undergoing great changes, gradually breaking away from the shackles of slavery and slowly moving towards feudalism. At this time, Japan had an extremely strong spirit of study, and naturally admired the strong and prosperous Tang Dynasty for a long time.
At that time, Japan sent many students, monks, and skilled craftsmen into the Tang Dynasty to learn knowledge, and most of the international students were assigned to the Guozijian in Chang'an for long-term study. In the twelfth year of Tianbao, Chao Heng encountered a critical sea storm on the way back to his homeland, and finally escaped from death, drifting to Vietnam by relying on a piece of driftwood, but the news of Chao Heng's unfortunate death was misheard to Tang, and the poet Xian Li Bai specially wrote a mourning poem called "Crying Chao Qing Heng": "Japan Chao Qing resigned from the imperial capital, and the sails were wrapped around the pot." The bright moon does not return to the blue sea, and the white clouds are full of sorrow. This poem not only shows the deep friendship between two foreign friends, but also shows the deep friendship between the Tang and Japanese peoples. Instead, it actively communicates with foreign countries. Korea, Japan and other vassal countries have sent students to study in Chang'an, Luoyang and other places of the Tang Dynasty, and there are more than 300 countries that have paid tribute to the Tang Empire, and more than 70 vassal countries. The Tang Dynasty was a feudal dynasty in ancient China. Although the relationship between Japan and Datang was good in the past, but after all, a dynasty of heaven and a courtier, want to come to Datang to study naturally to pass the level of Li Zhi, there is no point of benefit is naturally not OK, ordinary people to pull the relationship also have to give gifts, Gao Xiangxuan looked at Li Zhi's flesh and blood Fang Gang, thinking that if you send two beautiful women to him should be very good, most of the men can not escape the beauty pass, so he made up his mind to explain the situation to the emperor, The emperor then selected two beautiful women and many rare treasures in the country to let Gao Xiangxuanli bring them to the Tang Dynasty to pay tribute, in order to win Li Zhi's favor.
Li Zhi was naturally very happy to see these treasures that were not available in China and two beautiful women, and when he saw that the gift was sent to Li Zhi's heart, Gao proposed to Xuanli to come and learn the culture and technology of the Tang Dynasty, and Li Zhi agreed very happily, especially seeing these two exotic beauties who were even more difficult to sustain themselves and wanted to enter the cave room early, so they were fortunate to have these two beautiful women that night, but when they woke up early the next morning, they were frightened and scattered, and immediately ordered the two beautiful women to be locked in a cage. Gao Xiangxuanli was very shocked when he learned this news, he thought that the two beautiful women had done something that should not have done to anger Li Zhi, and immediately rushed to the palace, and these two beautiful women were also carried out, after seeing these two women, he finally knew why, so he patiently explained to Li Zhi, it turned out that these two women were lucky to please the emperor, they got up early to freshen up and dress, painted a typical Japanese beauty makeup, shaved off their eyebrows, and then blackened their teeth and put thick powder on their faces. This dress is considered a beauty in Japan, but it is different in the Central Plains, it looks like a monster, and if you are modern, you will not be able to accept it, so you ordered the two to be put in a cage. Even under the rule of Tang Xuanzong, the phenomenon of official corruption and the people's poverty was still very serious, but this did not mean that the Tang Dynasty was backward. In the Tang capital, you can see Han and Hu people talking and laughing, Tang and foreigners talking about wine, people with foreigner faces wearing Tang Dynasty official clothes, and sexy women walking leisurely on the street. And such a scene was unique at that time. At that time, the Tang Dynasty was ahead of the world, and in terms of China's dynasties, the Tang Dynasty could also afford the evaluation of "the most open dynasty".