Yanhuang Spring and Autumn Net
Wang Xiaohua
After the 1927 "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup, the Kuomintang did not stop massacring Communists on a large scale. Faced with a harsh political environment, the Chinese Communists began to turn to underground struggle. On October 12, 1928, the Kuomintang government promulgated the Law on the Voluntary Surrender of Communists, which stipulated that Communists who were exempted from sentences under the law could be "surrendered to the court on bail or transferred to the Court of Reflection." After the outbreak of the All-out War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, through the unremitting efforts of Zhou Enlai, Ye Jianying and other CCP leaders, in September 1937, all the so-called "political prisoners" who were imprisoned in the Reflection Institute were released from prison.
Establishment and function of the Reflection Institute
In August 1929, the 30th Standing Committee meeting of the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee formulated four "sanctions" measures for the "Communist Party" and "reactionary" elements. Article 3 stipulates that "the capital and localities shall set up a procuratorate for reflection", and "any person who is not prosecuted or acquitted or is exempted from punishment according to law when he or she is found to be an undesirable person may be sent to a procuratorate or correctional court" and "in order to seek repentance". In December of the same year, the Kuomintang government promulgated the Regulations on the Reflection Institute, which further clearly stipulated the procedures and specific measures for the establishment of the Reflection Court.
In March 1931, the National Government promulgated the "Regulations on the Organization of the Capital Reflection Institute" in order to set up the "Capital Reflection Institute", which supplemented the "Regulations on the Reflection House". In August of the same year, the Ministry of Justice and Administration appointed Liao Weifan as the president of the "Capital Reflection Institute" and was responsible for the preparatory work.
In September 1931, Liao Weifan drafted the "Outline of the Plan for The Establishment of the Capital Reflection Institute", which was approved by the Standing Committee of the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, and the Ministry of Finance first allocated 30,000 yuan as a preparatory fund. However, due to insufficient funds, the hospital was not formally established until April 1933. To this end, the Secretariat of the Central Executive Committee once again requests the National Government to order the Ministry of Justice and Administration to expedite the allocation of funds for its speedy establishment.
According to an article written by Zhang Guodong, a core figure in the Central Unification Department, Xu En, who was in charge of the Central Unification Department at that time, proposed a whole set of methods for strengthening management and enticing rebellion, and suggested to Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu that the Central Organization Department should come forward to contact Ju Zheng, president of the Judicial Yuan, and Xie Guansheng, minister of justice, to rectify the organization of the Procuratorate of Reflection, formulate a more complete system, and more effectively realize its political objectives of deceiving and enticing the rebels and disintegrating the revolutionary camp, and demanded that the Procuratorate of Reflection should accept "introspectives" sent by the Investigation Section in addition to the "reflectors" sent by the High Court. After the judicial department accepted this suggestion, Xu En once again suggested to Er Chen that the judicial department agree to accept the recommendation of the Central Organization Department (in fact, a secret agent of the Central Unification) as the president of the Reflection Court. After 1932, the presidents of the various provincial academies were successively assigned by the special agent headquarters, such as Liao Jianan, president of the "Capital Reflection Academy", Liu Yun, president of the Jiangsu Provincial Procuratorate, Zhong Jianhui, president of the Anhui Provincial Procuratorate, and Guo Liangmu, president of the Hubei Provincial Procuratorate, who were all backbone agents of the Central Unification.
Since the Central Unification Agent served as the president of the Reflection Court, the Reflection Court, although formally still belongs to the High Court, has in fact been transferred to the Secret Service Headquarters. With regard to the original personnel of the Reflection Institute, except for a few who were recruited as agents of the Central Unification, most of them were excluded and expelled, and another special agent of the Central Unification Committee was sent to supplement them, and finally the Reflection Institute became a unit completely controlled by the Secret Service Organization of the Central Unification. All the operations of the Reflection Institute are under the supervision of a section of the Party Affairs Investigation Department (formerly known as the Investigation Section) of the Organization Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee, headed by Wang Jianhong, whose staff includes wan Dayong and more than ten other people, and the office is located in the Party Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee in Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing. Pu Mengjiu, director of the Party Affairs Investigation Department, is the secretary of the secretary office of the secret service headquarters, so the reflection court is actually completely controlled by the secret service headquarters and obeys the command and supervision of the secret service headquarters. In fact, each introspection bureau must report to the secret service headquarters. The "Capital Reflection Institute" was actually a unit under the Headquarters of secret agents at that time. Dean Liao Jianan attended the work report of the Secret Service Headquarters on schedule.
In July 1935, the president of the "Capital Reflection Institute" was changed to Liao Jianan, who continued the preparatory work, and set up the Preparatory Office of the "Capital Reflection Institute" at No. 132 Zhanyuan Road in Nanjing.
On January 1, 1936, the "Capital Reflection Institute" was formally established, and no. 31 Danggong Lane in Nanjing was leased as a temporary site, and the Ministry of Finance allocated 200,000 yuan for construction equipment to build a new courtyard in the auspicious village near Xiaozhuang outside Nanjing Andhemen. In September, the new house was completed, and the hospital was moved from No. 31 Danggong Lane to No. 1 Jixiang Village, the new site. The court is administratively subordinate to the Ministry of Judicial Administration, and politically and organizationally directly under the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee, and accepts dual leadership.
The court has a president (concurrently), "the prime minister's whole house affairs", originally served by Liao Weifan, from July 1935, by Liao Jiannan. The college consists of three sections: general affairs, management and training, and a jury. One director of the General Affairs Section, who was concurrently appointed by the President (in December 1936, Lu Yan served as the section chief); one director of the Management Section was nominated by the President to the Ministry of Justice administration, and in December 1936, You Dingyi was appointed; a director of the Training and Education Section, who was transferred by the President to the Ministry of Justice for appointment by the Judicial Administration Department for appointment by the Central Party Department, and in December 1936, Hu Nai'an was appointed by Hu Nai'an, and several other trainees were also assigned by the Central Party Department (7 in 1935); the judging committee was appointed by the president of the court and the directors of various sections. It is composed of one person appointed by the Central Party Department, one presiding officer of the Supreme Court and one procurator of the Supreme Court.
The "Capital Reflection Institute" is staffed by several clerks (8 in 1935). All are "appointed" to handle the affairs of various sections, and there are multiple employees as required by the affairs, up from 18 in 1935. In 1937, the Academy still had a Training Committee. There will be a number of units under the Association (one of which is the Investigation Unit).
The people detained in the Reflection Institute can be divided into three categories: one is a person who is considered to be an incomplete defector of the Communist Party; the other is a person who resolutely does not recognize himself as a communist; and the third is a person who is considered to be suspected of being a Communist Party and a left-leaning person. Among them, some weak-willed people, who could not withstand the torture of spirit and body in their long-term detention, changed their ways and further betrayed the revolution. But it was more of the revolutionaries who remained loyal and indomitable. In addition, some people who originally belonged to the Central Command and were later deemed to be disloyal to the organization and violated the discipline of secret agents were also detained in the Reflection Institute.
"Reflectors" must first fill in the admission questionnaire to examine the "reflectors'" academic qualifications, past experiences, family status, "criminal" facts, life and impressions in prison, whether they have turned themselves in, opinions on the Chinese Kuomintang, views on the Three People's Principles, observations on the current situation of society, views on life, future volunteers, and self-criticism. When necessary, the court will also conduct "external investigation" to check whether the items filled in by the "reflectors" are true.
The "training" methods of the Academy of Reflection include lectures, lectures, discussions, tests, individual talks, categorical talks, collective lectures, free reading, "reflection records," "party doctrine" studies, notes, assignments, and examinations of thoughts and actions; the collective sermons are also divided into "premier commemoration week" sermons, revolutionary commemorative meetings, spiritual sermons, and celebrity sermons; and the study of "party doctrine" is divided into individual studies, research meetings, seminars, and lectures.
Its "management" methods are diverse, including "the detailed implementation of the operation of the precepts and inspections, the supervision and the implementation of all disciplines in order to seek order and rectification"; "the building of the hospital and the equipment of the whole hospital with reference to the latest model prison affairs to enhance the efficiency of reflection in a suitable environment"; "to refer to all the laws and regulations applicable to the prison and the rules and experiences of the provincial introspection courts to formulate the detailed management rules and implementation plans of the hospital"; "the whole hospital to contact each other during the organizational period to promote the efficiency of reflection"; "the staff of the whole hospital should use personality knowledge and service spirit to impress the reflectors in the hospital" Wait a minute.
The Academy of Reflection also compiled and printed the monthly magazine "New Road" and the "Academy Journal". New Road was first published on September 15, 1936, originally titled "The Road from New", and renamed "New Road" from January 1937. The journal was named a monthly magazine, but in fact it was published every two months, and by May 1937, a total of four issues had been edited and printed. The journal takes "reflectors" as the main body, with the trainees and teaching staff as the supplement, and also absorbs foreign manuscripts, "to assist the reflectors to spontaneously and renew themselves as the principle, and to achieve the purpose of reflection." There are articles such as Huang Yuanqi's "The Evolution of Confucianism from Wei Wei to the History of Solipsism", "The Mid-Autumn Festival to the Moon", Dong Weijian's "The Interpretation of the Three People's Principles", and other articles, as well as articles such as "Capital Reflection Institute" and all "reflectors" to all the generals on the Suiyuan front, as well as articles such as Hu Shi's "Zhang Xueliang's Treason". Of course, there are more articles against the Communist Party, such as the Anti-Communist Manifesto of Liu Wenshan, Zhou Xinghua, Lü Rongsheng, Liu Xinmin, Zhu Jianying, Chen Zhongsheng, Bao Zuqian, Gao Limin, and so on. A total of 122 people published poems and anti-communist manifestos in the journal. At the same time, the hospital also compiles and prints the journal, mainly publishing articles on the facilities and other aspects of the hospital, and the faculty of the hospital is responsible for enriching the materials. In order to achieve the purpose of "expanding the benefits of reflection and guiding the way of self-renewal" by means of the compilation and printing of publications, the institute has also set up a publishing committee to be responsible for this work.
Quantitative criteria for entering and leaving the Reflection Institute
There are specific quantitative criteria for the conditions for admission and discharge from the "Capital Reflection Institute".
According to Articles 2 and 3 of the Regulations on the Organization of the Capital Reflection Institute, in addition to the provisions of article 5 of the Regulations of the Capital Reflection Court, the conditions for admission to the "Capital Reflection Court" must be met in one of the following circumstances: 1. The place of the crime is in the capital"; 2." Those who have been sent by the decision of the Central Party Department"; 3." The place of the offence is in a province which has not established a house of reflection"; 4." A person whose place of crime is committed in a province where a house of reflection has been established and has a special case".
The Ordinance on amending the House of Reflection promulgated on April 29, 1933 amended Articles 1 and 3 of the original conditions for admission. Article 1 was replaced by "a person who has been sentenced to life imprisonment of more than seven years and more than one-third of the fixed-term imprisonment for the crime of endangering the Emergency Punishment Law of the Republic of China or the former Provisional Counter-Revolutionary Punishment Law" and has evidence of remorse"; On July 25, 1935, due to the amendment and promulgation of the Law on the Voluntary Surrender of Communists, Article 4 of the original conditions for admission was amended and changed to "Persons transferred in accordance with the provisions of the Law on the Voluntary Surrender of Communists".
In 1936, according to Article 5 of the Regulations of the House of Reflection, any person who had any of the following circumstances was admitted to the Court of Reflection: "Those who are still in danger of counter-revolution after the execution of the punishment of counter-revolutionary crimes"; "those who have been pronounced a fixed-term imprisonment of not more than one year for the crime of counter-revolution"; "those who are transferred in accordance with the provisions of Article 8 of the Law on the Voluntary Surrender of Communists"; "Those who are sent to the Reflection Institute by the resolution of the Central Party Department", and so on.
After the "reflector" is admitted to the hospital, it is a period of six months for reflection. At the expiration of the term, a review committee composed of the president of the "Capital Reflection Institute," the directors of each section of the academy (the General Affairs Section, the Management Section, and the Training and Education Section), the appointees of the Central Party Department, and the procurator of the Supreme Court each need to judge them on the basis of the achievement reports of the "reflectors" provided by the two sections of training and management. So the introspection is complete and should be discharged from the hospital."
According to the "Explanation of the Reflection Process Period Statement" issued in June 1935, the performance of "reflectors" during the period of reflection is divided into ten types, such as "inferior, humble, false, sincere, shaped, written, bright, dynamic, change, and transformation". The so-called "inferior, embarrassed, and false" those who "have not yet entered the stage of reflection should be reflected in the hospital for an extended period of time." "Sincere", that is, "reflecting on people's sincerity, not cheating, and having the determination to change, this is the target of the stage of reflection." The "form", that is, "the reflector who has the determination to repent, is sincere in the middle, the form is outside, must be trained, and show the enthusiasm for repentance in the mood, which is the second stage of reflection." "Author", i.e., "the introspective person's admission of error shall have a conspicuous manifestation in his oral statement or written self-statement, which is the third stage of reflection". The "bright" person, that is, "after reflecting on the confession, the negative side must understand the origin of the past mistakes and engage in further repentance; on the positive side, it is even more necessary to recognize the Three People's Principles, establish the central idea, and think that it is the guideline for future action, which is the fourth stage of reflection." "Movement", i.e., "the manifestation of anti-communism (or other reactionary groups in which one is oneself involved): the reflection of the person publishing anti-communist words and nakedly confessing clues or other reflections of other reactionaries is the fifth stage of reflection." The "change" person, that is, "the thinking of the reflector, has in fact departed from the counter-revolutionary group and is gradually inclined to the Three People's Principles, which is the sixth stage of reflection." With regard to the above-mentioned situations of "sincerity, form, writing, clarity, movement, and change", it is believed that "the highest purpose of indoctrination has not yet been achieved, and should be examined for a considerable period of time" at the discretion of the hospital. Only those who have achieved "transformation" can be regarded as "reflecting on the ideological transformation of people and have clearly recognized the Three People's Principles." Moreover, he was determined to support and aspire to the Three People's Principles, and could be a believer in the Three People's Principles, so he was able to reflect on the results and should be allowed to be "discharged from the hospital." If it is believed that the ideological change of the reflector has not yet been completed, he or she shall remain in the hospital for continued reflection, but the total period of reflection in the hospital shall not exceed five years. Those who cannot be "reformed" may be sent to the courts for trial or sentenced to execution. The end of not accepting indoctrination is "separate discipline management". The hospital not only has a special prison for revolutionaries, but also a variety of cruel torture devices. Behind the so-called "warm emotion", the true face of viciousness and ferocity is bloodiedly hidden in it.
After the "reflector" is allowed to be discharged, a "certificate of self-renewal" is given. It is also necessary to find insurance, and some of them must also be filled in by their relatives with a control and cut policy before they can be released from the hospital. After being discharged from the hospital, according to the "Rules for Certificates of Self-Renewal" issued by the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, "reflectors" who receive "self-renewal certificates" are still "subject to the supervision and management of the local party department." During the two-year appraisal period, if the "reflector" needs to relocate his place of residence, in addition to going through the formalities for transfer, he must submit the certificate of self-renewal to the party department at the place of arrival for inspection and reporting, subject to the supervision and management of the party department, "if there are any more reactionary acts and other illegal acts", he must be "severely punished according to law", if the "self-renewal certificate" is lost, it must be "reported to the local party department, and the certificate of two or more party members of the party" can be reissued, otherwise "the guarantee of self-renewal" will be cancelled.
Central Unification agents often sent people to spy on these people secretly, and if they believed that someone was suspected of continuing to engage in Communist activities, they could be re-imprisoned at any time. If a person leaves the original area without the permission of the central government agent, he or she will be severely punished, and if the person cannot be found, then his or her family will be implicated or even imprisoned.
In November 1936, the first judging committee, composed of Mao Qifeng, the chief minister of the Supreme People's Court, Chen Yiteng, procurator of the Supreme People's Court Inspection Department, Gu Jianzhong, a representative of the Central Party Department (the core figure of the Central Unification), Liao Jianan, president of the "Capital Reflection Court", You Dingyi, director of the Management Section, Hu Nai'an, director of the Training and Education Section, and Lu Yan, director of the General Affairs Section, made a strict "assessment" of the qualifications for the discharge of the first phase of "reflectors", and finally decided to allow 8 people to be discharged from the hospital and 3 people to continue to reflect in the hospital.
In December of that year, the second period of "reflectors" expired, and the judging committee evaluated 24 "reflectors". Among them, one named "Tao Xigen" died of illness on November 16; a female "introspective person" named "Lin Yujuan" was allowed to submit to medical parole due to serious illness; and "Zhu Xilin" and 8 others were transferred to the Jiangsu Provincial Hospital in Suzhou by order of the Political Department of the Central Committee because they were illiterate. There, there were more than 200 "political prisoners" in the entire reflection institute at that time, and the "reflectors" were organized into four groups according to their level of education, namely, Group A, Group B, Group C, plus a research group. The members of the research group are all university professors, famous writers and other very influential figures, Peng Kang, Li Chuli, Ke Zhongping, Liu Renjing, etc. are among them, and the number is not large. Group A is a high school education or above, many of whom are college students, and Kuomintang civil servants with a certain status are also included; Group B is at the middle school level; Group C is at the primary school level and illiterate. After the transfer, the remaining personnel were allowed to be discharged by decision.
The number of "reflectors" who have been discharged from the "Capital Reflection Institute" is unknown. In 1935, 40 people were discharged from the hospital, 8 people were discharged from the hospital in October 1936, 12 people were discharged from the hospital in December of the same year, and in April 1937, including Huang Yuanqi and Zi Qianjin, a total of more than 20 people were discharged from the hospital, including 2 women.
Huang Yuanqi (1909-1990), also known as Huang Shangyu, was born in Chengguan, Fu'an. In his early years, he studied in Fu'an. In the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), he was admitted to the History Department of Beijing Normal University. In 1928, Huang Yuan joined the Communist Party of China. After joining the party, he actively engaged in the workers' and student movements, went deep among the working masses to conduct social investigations, publicized the CCP's ideas, and often went out to distribute revolutionary leaflets. In the summer of 1929, he and his fellow villager Miao Bangyong returned to their hometowns and opened a summer volunteer tuition school, actively propagating the revolution, helping young people learn Marxism-Leninism, and participating in the agrarian revolution led by the CCP. In 1931, Huang Yuan graduated from university and went to jilin province to teach. A year later, he went to Beiping and was elected as a member of the Beiping Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China. He was arrested by the Kuomintang in 1933. In April 1937, he reached the standard of "chemical" level and was discharged from the hospital. Later, he worked in the Department of History of Henan University (that is, the Kaifeng Normal College after the founding of New China).
It is undeniable that the Kuomintang's "Law on the Voluntary Surrender of the Communist Party" and the establishment of the "Capital Reflection Institute" and the Provincial Capital Reflection Institute have to a certain extent destroyed the Communist Party organizations in various localities and disintegrated many people who were not firm in their beliefs. For the party organization, this is a bad thing in itself. However, the Kuomintang's harsh suppression made the Communist Party organization undergo a severe test, becoming purer and more determined. The blood on their bodies was dried up, the remains of the martyrs were buried, and they continued to fight with their communist faith.
With the rise of ethnic contradictions between China and Japan, the national War of Resistance and the Second Kuomintang-Communist Cooperation finally came. In January 1938, the 62nd meeting of the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee and the 39th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Supreme Council of National Defense respectively resolved the abolition of local introspection courts. In terms of personnel disposition, all introspective personnel who are in the court are allowed to be released on bail; the teaching staff are assigned to the Ministry of Justice and Administration and the Sixth Department of the Military Commission for discretionary appointment; and the "Capital Reflection Institute" is abolished at the same time. The House of Reflection was forced to withdraw formally. However, the Kuomintang reactionaries never gave up their dual hands of adopting counter-revolution against the Communist Party, so after the abolition of the Reflection Institute, they set up institutions such as "Youth Battalion", "Labor League", and "Peace Salvation League", which are not fundamentally different in essence from the Reflection Institute.
Zhou Enlai and Ye Jianying from the "Capital Reflection Institute"
Rescue the Communists
After the Outbreak of the Lugou Bridge Incident, Zhou Enlai led a CPC delegation to Lushan to discuss the second Kuomintang-Communist cooperation. On 17 July, Chiang Kai-shek delivered a speech at Lushan, pointing out: "The Lugou Bridge Incident has reached the final juncture of concessions," and "If the war begins, there will be no distinction between the north and the south, and no one will be divided into old or young, and no matter who has the responsibility of defending the territory and resisting the war, they should have the determination to sacrifice everything..."
The Japanese and Kosovo continued to frantically expand the war of aggression, and the magnificent national war of resistance was launched in an all-round way.
On August 9, CPC representatives Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, and Ye Jianying flew to Nanjing to attend the National Defense Conference and discuss specific matters of cooperation between the KMT and the CPC. In addition, Zhou Enlai also had a major mission, that is, to rescue the "political prisoners" imprisoned in the "Capital Reflection Institute" and the Tiger Bridge Prison.
At about 11:00 a.m. on August 18, 1937, the day after the national defense conference, CPC deputies Zhou Enlai and Ye Jianying rode in a small black car along the highway near Xiaozhuang outside the Taiping Gate in the northeast of Nanjing City to the gate of the "Capital Reflection Institute" at No. 1 Jixiang Village. After getting off the bus, they were greeted by Liao Jianan, the president of the "Capital Reflection Institute", and entered the dean's office. Zhou Enlai explained his intentions: "The purpose of our coming to Beijing this time is that President Liao must have heard about it. The situation of the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to resist Japan has been formed, and the two parties have abandoned their previous grievances and unanimously went to the outside world. So I want to look at the roster of political prisoners in your hospital and find out how many people are being held, so that I can petition the Central Party Department to release all of these political prisoners. ”
President Liao Jianan took the roster of reflection personnel and handed it to Zhou Enlai, saying: "The list of all personnel is here." ”
Zhou Enlai took over the roster and swept it up: "Isn't the vast capital reflection institute holding less than two hundred people?" ”
Liao Jianan explained: "Last January, our hospital was officially established, renting No. 31 Danggong Lane as a temporary site, and at the same time, the Ministry of Finance allocated 200,000 yuan to build a new site in the current location, until the new house was completed in September, and the reflectors moved to the new site. It was supposed to admit 500 people for reflection, but only 91 people were admitted to the hospital since the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), and only a few dozen when they moved to the new site last September. ”
Zhou Enlai looked over and pointed to the list: "Wang Genying, Xia Zhixu, and Zhang Qinqiu are three people I want to meet." ”
Wang Genying, female, 29 years old, from Shanghai, was Chen Geng's wife and an early female leader and intelligence officer of our party. Born and died with her husband Chen Geng and working for the Central Special Branch. In 1933, Wang Genying was arrested in Shanghai for betrayal by traitors and sentenced to eight years in prison by the Kuomintang authorities for "endangering the Republic of China." In September 1933, he was admitted to the "Capital Reflection Institute".
Xia Zhixu, female, 30 years old (xia zhixu on the roster, pseudonym Huang Chaoqin), is the wife of Zhao Shiyan, an early leader of the COMMUNIST Party, and one of the early women leaders of the COMMUNIST Party. He was arrested in 1933 and sentenced to life imprisonment by the Nationalist government for "endangering the Republic of China".
Zhang Qinqiu, female, 33 years old, graduated from Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, was the director of the Political Department of the Red Fourth Front, the wife of Shen Zemin; after Shen Zemin's death, he married Chen Changhao, the head of the Fourth Front, and was a famous female general in the Red Army. After the defeat of the Western Route Army, he was captured, betrayed by traitors, and escorted back to Nanjing in August 1937.
Wang Genying, Xia Zhixu, and Zhang Qinqiu, three female communists, were then taken to the office to meet with Zhou Enlai and Ye Jianying. After the surprise, they reported the current pseudonyms and real names of the other comrades who were locked up here. Subsequently, Zhou Enlai said to Liao Jianan, "I will take the three of them away today." Liao Jianan said: "Wang Genying and Xia Zhixu can take them away today, but Zhang Qinqiu can't." ”
Zhou Enlai asked, "Why?" ”
Liao Jianan explained: "Zhang Qinqiu is not a political prisoner, he is a prisoner of war, and he was sent here by Zhu Tong, the commander of the Xi'an camp, and must be approved by him. Otherwise I will be punished, brother! ”
Zhou En: "Then change it." Gu Zhutong was in Nanjing, serving as the deputy commander of the three theaters, and I went to him to negotiate, anyway, sooner or later I would come out, not worse than this day or two. ”
Xia Zhixu offered to exchange it with Xiong Tianjing, because she was a sick number, and if she did not take it away, she would die of illness in the reflection hospital.
Xiong Tianjing pseudonym Tian Geng, a native of Songjiang, Jiangsu Province. In 1927, he was sent to the Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, the Soviet Union; at the end of 1929, he was sent to Vladivostok, and after returning to China in October 1932, he participated in the work of the "National Imperial Insult Self-Rescue Association" led by Soong Ching-ling, and served as the secretary of the party group. Arrested for betrayal by traitors, she was imprisoned in the Central Model Prison in Nanjing, and in 1937 she moved to the "Capital Reflection Hospital" in Nanjing, at which time she fell seriously ill and coughed up blood.
Liao Jianan finally agreed to the exchange. Xiong Tianjing, who was critically ill, was moved to tears when he learned that he had been rescued.
At this time, the chief of the management section who was on the side took out the "Discharge Warrant from the Reflection Hospital" and said: "If you want to leave, you must also have a guarantor fill in the certificate of guarantee." Zhou Enlai took the certificate of guarantee, only to see that it read: "Since the date of discharge from the hospital, zhou Enlai has been responsible for monitoring at any time, and if the insured person has a reactionary situation, he will not report it in advance or if he is summoned but does not come, he is willing to be punished by sitting together." ”
Zhou Enlai humorously said to Liao Jianan: "You see, I guarantee Ye Jianying, can I?" ”
Liao Jianan nodded and said, "Okay! Can Mr. Zhou still be able to guarantee it? Zhou Enlai then filled out the insurance policy and continued to ask, "Can I meet with all the reflectors?" ”
Liao Jianan immediately sent someone to summon all the reflectors to the auditorium to assemble. Zhou Enlai and Ye Jianying gave a report on the situation to everyone, explaining that the Kuomintang and the Communist Party would stop the civil war, cooperate again, and resist Japan together; they also said that the Red Army would be reorganized into the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and that the Eighth Route Army offices would be established in Nanjing, Chongqing, Xi'an, Wuhan, and other places. Soon you will be on your way to the anti-Japanese front. Their reports encouraged the anti-Japanese enthusiasm of all political prisoners and were warmly welcomed. After the report meeting, Wang Genying and the other three went to pack up their things. Zhou Enlai sent a car over and took them to Nanjing Fuhougang No. 1, a small building that was originally the residence of Zhang Boling, the president of Nankai University in Tianjin, and temporarily lent it to the Eighth Route Army's nanjing office. As soon as they arrived at the Eighth Route Army office, they were busy rescuing political prisoners who were still imprisoned in various prisons. Xia Zhixu, Xiong Tianjing, and several male comrades from the Central Military Prison in Nanjing came forward, and later went through the formalities for the release of the rest of the comrades together. A few days later, the "political prisoners" of the "Capital Reflection Institute" and the "Tiger Bridge Prison" were released one after another.
(The quotations are from the archives of the Second Historical Archive of China.)
(Responsible Editor Liu Zengwen)