(The Woman Who Told History – No. 412) Thief, Thief also. Since ancient times, thieves have been hated. Thieves are divided into sizes, the small ones are called thieves, and the big ones are called big thieves. There are also many kinds of thieves, thieves who steal chickens, called chicken thieves, such as shi qian; those who specialize in stealing rich and noble families, called thieves or righteous thieves, such as Swallow Li San; those who steal state power are called thieves of the country, such as Yuan Shikai; those who steal graves, called tomb thieves; in addition to pirates, Jiangyang thieves, etc., in addition to thieves and righteous thieves, most of the others are hated, but the above is basically thieves in the material sense, and there are thieves in the spiritual sense, which is also very hateful, such as plagiarism. Plagiarizing other people's articles and the like, is called a literary thief, today Xiaobian will give you an inventory of the 5 major literary thieves in ancient China, of which the 3rd is the most shameful, the 2nd is the most hateful, and the 1st is simply the most deserving of killing! In the end, who are these five literary thieves, and what unseemly things they have, please listen to the editor slowly.
In fact, writing poetry and essays, plagiarism plagiarists have ancient times, such as the three poems of Huang Chao included in the "Quan Tang Poems", "Inscribed Chrysanthemum", "Not the First Fuju" and "Self-Titled Portrait", the third poem is suspected of plagiarism, Huang Chao's poem is like this: "Remember when the grass flew, the iron clothes were full of monk clothes." No one on the Tianjin Bridge knew, and he leaned on the railing to see the sunset. And the "Quan Tang Poems" also received two of Yuan Shu's "ZhiduShi", one of which is like this: "Three traps siming and three breakthroughs, the iron clothes throw away the Zen clothes." No one on the Tianjin Bridge knew, idly looking at the sunset. The last two sentences of Huang Chao are almost exactly the same as the last two sentences of Yuan Shu, and Lao Huang must have copied Yuan Shu without a doubt. However, in view of the fact that Huang Chao is a warrior, a big grin, and does not refer to writing poetry or eating mixed rice, it is not even if it is two poems, not a literary thief, yes, let's talk about a few genuine, genuine literary thieves.
NO.5 Guo Xiang Fame Index 7 Despicable Index 7
Guo Xiang, a native of the Western Jin Dynasty, should be said that Lao Guo was also a famous scholar and metaphysician, and he also served as a high official, an official to the Yellow Gate Waiter, the Taifu Master Book, and so on. History records that he is a good old man and good at talking. There are books such as "Zhuangzi's Notes" that have been handed down. However, Lao Guo is also an out-and-out plagiarism veteran. At that time, Xiang Xiu, one of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest, also liked to talk about the learning of Lao Zhuang, and he had long annotated "Zhuangzi" and wrote a book called "Hidden Solution of Zhuangzi", which was deeply rooted in the essence of "Zhuangzi" and was praised as "wonderful analysis and wonder, great Chang Xuanfeng". However, before he could publish two articles, "Autumn Water" and "Zhile", Xiang Xiu died. At the time of his death, his son was young and did not protect his father's work.
Later, Guo Xiang saw Xiang Xiu's two Zhuangzi notes, and thought that he was already dead anyway, so he took these two articles for himself, changed their names and published them in his monograph, and later Xiang Xiu's annotations on the whole book "Zhuangzi" came out before the truth came out. Liu Yiqing recorded this incident in detail in the "New Language of the World". As a consequence of this, later generations, whenever they talked about zhuangzi's commentaries, presented Guo Xiang to everyone, while ignoring Xiang Xiu's remarkable exploits. Guo Xiang this is obviously a kind of plagiarism and infringement!
NO.4 Yan Bi Fame Index 7 Despicable Index 7.5
Yan Bi was a native of the Ming Dynasty and served as a chashi in Shandong. Can write poetry, there are "Jinan Seventy-Two Springs" handed down. Guo Xiang is a person who plagiarizes his contemporaries, people he knows, but this brother is doing things across the ages. He plagiarized the works of Wu Cheng, a Member of the Yuan Dynasty.
Wu Cheng (3 February 1249 – 5 August 1333), courtesy name Youqing, was a native of Chongren, Fuzhou (present-day Le'an County, Jiangxi). Outstanding theoretician, scribe, and educator of the Yuan Dynasty. Wu Cheng was intelligent and studious since childhood, and he tried to pay tribute to the township at the end of the Song Dynasty. After the death of the Song Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in his hometown and devoted himself to writing, and scholars called him "Mr. Caolu". Wu Cheng was a master of Confucianism, a famous theoretician, who wrote a lot of works during his lifetime. He is the author of 100 volumes of Wu Wenzheng Collection, 10 volumes of Yi Lunyan, 36 volumes of Li Ji Usurpation, 8 volumes of Yi Wenzheng Outer Wing, 12 volumes of Spring and Autumn Usurpation, and 4 volumes of Commentary on the Tao Te Ching, and 4 volumes of Chong Fei Zhen Jing Xie.
Wu Cheng once wrote a book called "Notes on the Examination of the Three Rites", which was stored in the home of his friend Kang Zhen, and after Yan Bi got this book from Kang Zhen's grandson, he took it for himself, and he not only signed his own name, but also revised the annotations and comments in the book. For example, in the book, "Cheng Yue" he changed it to "Xianjun Yue" and so on. The Ming Dynasty poet and scholar Zhao Yi described it in detail in the "Examination of the Yu Cong": "Painted with powder and written, its traces are still faintly visible." Lao Yan's play is also amazing enough, huh.
NO.3 Zhuo Mingqing Fame Index 8 Despicable Index 8
Zhuo Mingqing, Horn Yuebo, a native of Tangqi Town, Hangzhou, Ming Dynasty. In Wanli, he served as the head of the Guanglu Temple. Shi Zaiqi was a good poet and a good friend of Hai Nei Haojie, and was an important member of the "Later Seven Sons Sect" in the literary circles of the Ming Dynasty. In the eleventh year of the Wanli Calendar (1583), together with Wang Daokun and Qi Jiguang, he established the West Lake Autumn Society, and later became the host of the Nanping Society. He is the author of "Zhuo Guanglu Collection", "Anthology", "Three Mountains Travel Draft", "North Travel Draft" and other books, and the inscriptions of the ancient temples in the town are more than his handwriting. Zhuo Mingqing's family was rich, and he was also familiar with Wen Mo, and the Zhuo family was a Ming Dynasty noble family, and his family had successively befriended Wang Shizhen, Huang Fuyi, Wang Daokun, Wen Zhengming, Qian Qianyi and other famous confucians. Relying on the rich assets of the Zhuo family, Zhuo Mingqing worked as a publisher, and during the Wanli dynasty, he engraved a variety of books in Songzhai and other places, such as the eight volumes of the "Xu Taichang Guitian Manuscript", and the 100 volumes of the "Tang Poetry Garden" engraved in wooden movable characters in the fourteenth year of the Wanli Calendar (1586).
To say that Zhuo Mingqing was also a celebrity at that time, the family had both money and status and identity, and should not engage in this kind of plagiarism, but he was also a veritable plagiarism king. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a scholar Zhang Zhixiang (1496~1577), also known as Yuelu, also known as Xuanchao, alias Bishan Waishi, a native of Longhuali (now Longhua Township), Shanghai. History records that he was "less talented, erudite and elegant", but his fate was not good, the field struggled for 30 years, repeatedly failed to succeed, had to give up his meritorious name, and went home to write a book. Zhang Zhixiang was talented, and he was friends with the famous scholars Wen Zhengming and Dong Yiyang at that time. Throughout his life, he was upright and opposed to inflammatory attachment, and he wrote the article "Kowtow Worm Endowment", which was widely praised. He wrote a lot of works in his lifetime, and later generations commented that his poems were "diluted by Erya" and had the demeanor of Wei and Jin; his text was "Hong Shen Esoteric, in and out of Zhang Hengdong and Xijingfu". His works and compilations include no less than a thousand volumes, including "Four Rhyme Supplements", "Poetic Guide", "Poetry Chronicles", "Chu Saoqi Language", "Tong Guan New Compilation", "Ancient Poetry Garden", "Tang Poetry Garden", "Tang Ya", "Historical Commentary", etc.
Among them, "Tang Poetry Garden" is the most famous. This book, which has more than 200 volumes, is a magnificent collection of Tang poems, and Zhang Zhixiang has paid great efforts to it. I didn't want to write a book and was plagiarized by Zhuo Mingqing. Zhuo Mingqing engaged in publishing, and it is probably more convenient to engage in such a thing. Lao Zhuo dug out the parts of the Chu Tang and Sheng Tang and engraved them, and signed his own daimyo for publication. That's all, he actually asked the famous Wang Shizhen to give a preface. At that time, the information was not developed, Zhang Zhixiang's book did not spread, and Wang Shizhen did not see it, at this time, when he saw Zhuo Mingqing's works, he not only saw a bright eye, but also greatly appreciated, this book was well compiled! So Lao Wang waved a large pen and made a preface: "Poetry has a similar book, from the beginning of the engraving..." to give high praise.
It was later discovered. If you don't know, you can't do it unless you don't do it yourself. The Qing Dynasty scholar Ji Xiaolan recorded this plagiarism incident in the Outline of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries. In addition to plagiarizing Zhang Zhixiang, Zhuo Mingqing also plagiarized Wang Liangshu's "Algae Forest", which is more convenient, and directly changed the title of the book to "Zhuo's Algae Forest" and it was finished. You say this old Zhuo is shameful and shameful?
NO.2 Ho Fa Sheng Fame Index 8 Despicable Index 8.5
He Fasheng was a Song dynasty song man of the Southern Dynasty, and he was also an official, and the official was not small, and the history recorded his official to Xiangdong Taishou. This brother is more fierce, the above masters at least to carry out the "cutting" of other people's works, that is, dig out a part, take it for themselves, or even if it is a full cut, at least have to change the name of other people's works, so as to change the title, this is good, simply come to a nest end, not change a word! That is, except for the author's signature, it is all mine. K, this business is worth it.
Gossip is less, books are relegated. It is said that there was a scholar in the Song Dynasty of the Southern and Northern Dynasties called Xi Shao, who was a native of Gaoping, Shanxi, who was very talented, and he wrote a book called "Book of Jin Zhongxing", which was 80 volumes, and was later praised by liu Zhiji, a famous historian of the Tang Dynasty, as "the best person in the history books of the Eastern Jin Dynasty". It took Mr. Xi Shao many years of effort to complete this book. He had a good relationship with He Fasheng, and he was usually able to talk about it, and when he had not finished writing, he had let He Fasheng look at it several times and asked him to make some suggestions or something, and He Fasheng saw the manuscript and admired it. At that time, Xi Shao had already become famous, and He Fasheng was still a poor student, and his family was poor, so he had ideas about Xi Shao's works. This time, after reading Xi Shao's manuscript, Lao He said, "Brother Xi, you want to have a reputation, you want to have status, you are also a high-ranking official and nobleman, and there is no shortage of money to spend, your brother is still a poor egg, not a single article has been published, simply you give me this book." Hey. ”
You say this man wants a face? Of course, Xi Shao did not agree, friends returned to friends, and his years of hard work could not be sent like this! So I put it in the bookcase after I finished writing, and I didn't take it too seriously, maybe I was just joking. However, since that day, He Fasheng has been in a state of misery. Finally, one day, He Fasheng went to Xi Shao's house to play, and found that Xi Shao was not at home, so he went in and stole the Book of Jin Zhongxing. At that time, the book Xi Shao had not yet been read by others, of course, it had not yet been published, and after Lao He stole the book, he directly signed his own name and published it. As a result, this "Book of Jin Zhongxing" soon became popular in society. After Xi Shao knew, he was angry to death, but there was no way, there was no computer at that time, or he did not copy a copy in advance, even if Lao He stole a copy, he was not afraid. He Fasheng's behavior is really hateful!
But it was exposed. Because xi shao certainly had a lot of drafts when he wrote the book, as soon as he took out the preserved drafts, the truth came out. This major plagiarism case was later recorded in the "History of the South". The above few plagiarism masters and plagiarism masters are fierce enough, right? However, compared with the following master, it is simply drizzling, the following one, on fame or on means, are the four masters above can not be expected to back.
NO.1 Song Zhiqing Fame Index 10 Despicable Index 10
Regardless of what the above few people say, the fame is not big enough, and the plagiarists are basically not as famous as the plagiarists, but Song Zhiqing is an exception. Old Song was a well-known poet at that time. Song Zhiwen (656 – 712), courtesy name Yanqing, was a native of Fenzhou (汾州, in modern Fenyang, Shanxi), who was known as the "Ten Friends of Xianzong" along with Chen Ziang, Li Bai, Meng Haoran, Wang Wei, and He Zhizhang during the Tang Dynasty, and served as a high-ranking official in the imperial courts of Emperor Suzong of Tang and Wu Zetian. At that time, he was already well-known in the poetry world, and he should not have engaged in these plagiarism and plagiarism, but he still could not be exempt from vulgarity, and made a big vote, so that he could stay famous for hundreds of years.
At that time, there was a young poet named Liu Xiyi, who was talented, did not seek fame, specialized in writing, and had a high talent for poetry. However, due to the very harsh requirements for themselves, there are not many works. However, at that time, the Luoyang area was also very famous. Liu Xiyi is also the nephew of Song Zhiqing, because his fame is not as big as his uncle, so he always let Song Zhiqing see the works and let his uncle point out. Later, he wrote a poem called "Generation of Sorrowful WhiteHeads" for Song Zhi to ask. Old Song was immediately shocked when he saw it, this poem is written too well, especially two of the sentences "The flowers are similar every year, and the years are different" is simply too cattle! Therefore, Song Zhi's question was immediately evil, and he wanted his nephew to send him this poem, but Xiao Liu did not agree; Old Song gave in and said that it was okay to only give him those two sentences, but Xiao Liu still did not agree.
So Song Zhiqing gritted his teeth, fiercely, and found an opportunity for his servant to crush Liu Xiyi to death with a bag full of soil. After that, Song Zhiqing took the song "Generation of Sorrowful WhiteHeads" as his own and changed it to his own name and published it. In the later Quan Tang Poems, the poem "Dai Sad bai tou Ong" was included twice, once under the name of Liu Xiyi and once under the name of Song Zhiqing. The two poems are almost identical, with 26 sentences and 184 words, only two words are different. Song Zhiqing was really black enough and fierce enough. His plagiarism has never been done before or since, and his despicable behavior is simply undeniable, and he should be killed!
The above five plagiarism masters are some shameful, some hateful, and some should be killed, which is simply the five great thief kings! Originally writing an article is not a big deal, you can't write well, there is nothing written by the master under imitation, and good articles have always been imitated. If you really think that imitation is not addictive, it does not matter if you transcribe two sentences, the author generally does not care, but you can not play too much, the whole article is copied, or even the whole copy, this is not authentic. Plagiarism and plagiarism, not to mention, have risen to the level of stealing or even murder, which is a crime to the letter and must be punished under the law of the land! I don't know what you think of the official opinion? (Text/Icelandic Ice)