Cover news reporter Song Xiao Li Fengchun
Erxian Bridge, Sima Bridge, Nine Eyes Bridge... In Chengdu, the place usually named after the bridge has many intriguing stories, and among the many "bridges", the twelve bridges stand alone. Qualified Chengdu people or people familiar with the history of it, as long as they mention it, they all look solemn. It is a place that condenses red memories and interprets the vicissitudes of the times.
On December 21, 2020, the winter solstice, Chengdu ushered in the "upgraded" winter. In the Chengdu Cultural Park in Qingyang District, an old man with gray hair is slowly walking with his little granddaughter in his hand. Under the shade of green pines and ginkgo biloba, the park is not empty and deserted because of the cold weather.
The famous Tomb of the Twelve Bridges Martyrs, including the coffins of Yu Yuan, Yang Bokai, Wang Bogao, Mao Yingcai and many other martyrs, is located here. On the night of December 7, 1949, they collectively performed their righteous deeds at the Twelve Bridges. Mao Yingcai, on the other hand, was the youngest and only female martyr among these martyrs. After her arrest, she showed the "tough guy" side of a young girl. She was unyielding, did not reveal any clues to communists and progressives, and showed the firm faith of progressive youth in pursuing the communist road.
Mao Yingcai
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From the girl next door to the patriotic progressive youth
In the Tomb of the Twelve Bridges Martyrs in Chengdu, there are 36 martyrs, including Communist Party members and soldiers, as well as students, teachers, and brothers.
At that time, Mao Yingcai was in full swing and was also a female student in the Department of Philosophy and History of West China Union University.
Born in Jiajiang County, Leshan, Sichuan, she has been diligent and studious since she was a child. At the age of 14, she went to Chengdu Daqiang West Street Practical Tuition School to study, and two years later entered the Chengdu HuameiNunu Middle and High School.
In 1945, she was admitted to the Department of Philosophy and History of West China Union University in Chengdu with excellent results. During this time, she came into contact with Xu Yuliang, an underground party member, and read books such as "Where China Is Going". In her heart, some progressive ideas have been initially produced, but how to implement them still needs to be carefully considered.
Mao Yingcai was intelligent and studious, and she used the resources in her hands to actively win the support of higher-level organizations to carry out underground party work. She organized the members of the "Democratic Association" (Democratic Youth Association) to spread the truth of the revolution in some secret places, and constantly maintained the momentum of studying The works of Marxism-Leninism.
Gradually, Mao Yingcai's fame became louder and louder in the southwest region. Many of her classmates, although they knew that her thinking was very progressive, did not understand what she had done. In other words, Mao Yingcai's "secrecy" work has always been done well.
It was not until July 1, 2016, at the "Remembering for New China - Commemorating the 95th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China Archives Exhibition" jointly organized by the Organization Department of the Chengdu Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Party History Research Office of the Chengdu Municipal Party Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the Chengdu Municipal Archives Bureau, that the archives of the youngest and only female martyrs of the Twelve Bridges martyrs who were arrested and rescued were disclosed for the first time.
Chengdu Twelve Bridges Martyrs Cemetery
At this time, people discovered that, in fact, the martyr Mao Yingcai was only 24 years old when he was righteous, and at the age when she still belonged to a "girl next door", she chose a different path that was diametrically opposite to that of girls of the same age.
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The "pen holder" refused to write anti-communist text
Today, at the West China Campus of Sichuan University, the statue of Mao Yingcai stands quietly, and on the occasion of the Qingming Dynasty and important anniversaries, the statue will be full of people who pay respects and mourn.
People have learned some of the life deeds of this female martyr from some books and materials, but the details are somewhat vague.
On June 14, 1949, the day after Mao Yingcai attended the graduation ceremony, he was suddenly arrested. At that time, Mao Yingcai lost his handbag, was picked up by the owner of a garment shop in Xiaotianzhu Street, found Communist Party propaganda materials in it, and reported it to the police station. When Mao Yingcai went to the garment store to retrieve his handbag, he was arrested by the police and locked up in the general's gate.
Before her arrest, Mao Yingcai insisted on learning Russian, and in addition to reading books such as "Seeking Wu Shuo", "A Fang Gong Fu", and "TheOry of Liu Hou", she would excerpt important contents to inspire the will of the revolution.
Although he did not officially become a member of the Communist Party, Mao Yingcai always used the knowledge he learned to continuously move closer to the Party organization. According to the plan, if Mao Yingcai successfully graduated, she would become an important communist progressive ideology propagandist in chengdu, but unexpectedly, her path to progress was suddenly blocked.
In order to rescue the students, Fang Shuxuan, the principal of West China, also wrote a special letter to the police station to prove that Mao Yingcai had never violated the law in the school, and Mao Yingcai's father also rushed from Jiajiang to Chengdu to bail his daughter. Later, Mao's father found a Sichuan army general to dredge up the enemy's special leader, and the other party demanded that as long as Mao Yingcai published anti-communist writings, she could be released to go home with her father. However, mao Yingcai, who was only 24 years old, ostensibly agreed to his father's request, but in fact did not think of opposing communism, but used roundabout tactics and constantly negotiated with secret agents. On December 7, 1949, on the eve of the liberation of Chengdu, Mao Renfeng, the head of the military command's special agents, issued an "order to wash the prison", and Mao Yingcai and others were secretly shot and killed in the wild grass of the old air defense trench of the Twelve Bridges in Chengdu.
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Indomitable in Prison Take the "four elders" as an example
Among the martyrs of the Twelve Bridges in Chengdu, in addition to Mao Yingcai, there were also some well-known figures in the military and political circles at that time, among which Yu Yuan, Yang Bokai, Wang Ganqing, and Wang Bogao were the most famous. The identities of the four are also different. Yu Yuan was one of the famous patriotic generals in the Sichuan Army, Yang Bokai was the head of the Chengdu Democratic League, Wang Ganqing was an old revolutionary, and Wang Bogao was the chief helmsman of the "Xinyi Society" in Qionglai. In Mao Yingcai's view, these four were the oldest refugee friends in prison at that time, and were revered as the "four elders".
As a result of the arrest of a large number of progressive-minded people, all young and old, harbored the conviction of victory in carrying the revolution through to the end. Therefore, even in prison days, they will communicate and communicate.
In a handwritten manuscript of more than 10,000 words, "The Testament of female martyrs and heroes", Mao Yingcai's experience in prison is revealed in detail. The handwritten manuscript records that after Mao Yingcai was arrested, he was imprisoned in Cell No. 6, which specializes in female prisoners, which is a black cell.
The cell was airtight, and the only small window was only available for breathing. When he first entered prison, Mao Yingcai had the idea of escaping from prison. She used the method of standing bare-armed and barefoot, with her back against the corner, pressing her palms and toes against the wall and climbing up hard. But his elbows and toes were worn out, and he didn't climb up. Later, during a wind release, Mao Yingcai picked up an old nail clipper in the grass, returned to the cell and climbed under the bed to dig a hole, and was found after digging for 7 consecutive nights.
Once, the agent asked her to write a "letter of repentance", saying that as long as she wrote it, she could go home with her father, but she sternly refused: "What have I regretted?" I have nothing to regret! At the same time, relatives also spared no expense in carrying out rescue activities. The prison guards once asked Mao's father to persuade his daughter, but the soft and hard bubbles were useless. Seeing that she did not give in, the agent said hysterically: "In the future, you are not allowed to meet with your father again, nor are you allowed to send things to the family!" Mao Yingcai said unswervingly, "What does it matter!" ”
Late on the night of December 7, 1949, on the eve of the liberation of Chengdu, agents first burned all the archives piled up in the General's Gate. After that, Mao Yingcai and more than 30 victims of the General Yamen Detention Center were taken to the execution car, drove to the Twelve Bridges, were killed by the enemy with bayonets and pistols, and buried on the spot, known in history as the "Chengdu Twelve Bridges Massacre".
When Mao Yingcai was generous and righteous, he was only 24 years old, the youngest among the Twelve Bridge martyrs, and the only female martyr.
Resources
"Mao Yingcai Martyr in Prison", Sichuan University Archives
"The Legacy of Female Martyrs", Zheng Chang
Comprehensive historical records of Chengdu Twelve Bridges Martyrs Cemetery
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