Wang Mang was both blindly reverent of the ancients and mean and miserly, he had once been knighted, but at the same time he was reluctant to land, and the recipient of the title only got a handful of thatched soil. The Zizhi Tongjian records: "Mang good empty words, Mu Gufa, many knights, stingy in nature, entrusted with undecided geography, so first give that soil, with comfort to those who seal." ”
The officials appointed by Wang Mang, at least until the eighteenth year of the Common Era, did not have any money for a long time, so these officials were corrupt and perverted the law. Some county chiefs (郡尹), county magistrates (county chiefs) and other officials have amassed a large amount of property through corruption.
Wang Mang also began to investigate the income of military generals and officials of the northern counties since the establishment of the new dynasty, and if they were considered to be corrupt and rich officials, confiscated four-fifths of their property and used it as border defense military expenses. Subordinates were allowed to denounce their chiefs, and slaves were allowed to denounce their masters, causing panic among the officials. The purpose is to prohibit corruption, but it encourages evil practices such as extortion. This is what the Zizhi Tongjian says: "If you want to forbid adultery, the more you commit adultery."
To sum up, whether it is the ban on "Wang Tian's private ownership", economic reforms such as the five equals and six pipes, or the numerous decrees, heavy servants and brutal law enforcement by officials, all of which have further intensified social contradictions. In this way, from the poor people at the bottom, small industrialists and merchants, and merchants, to the nobles, officials, and landlords at the bottom, they all became dissatisfied with the government, and Wang Mang's rule lost its foundation.
First, the Linhuai people, Gua Tianyi, gathered a crowd at Changzhou Garden (Southwest of Wu County, Jiangsu Province) in Hui (Kuai) County.
Lü Mu, a native of Langya (Zhucheng County, Shandong Province), led thousands of men to raise an army. Took a boat into the sea, and later the number of people reached more than 10,000 people. Lü Mu may have been the first female leader of a peasant uprising in Chinese history.
Later, there were Wang Kuang and Wang Feng, people from Xinshi. Langya people Fan Chong, Feng An.
Xu Xuan, Xie Lu, Yang Yin, and Diao Zidu of Donghai (Tancheng County, Shandong Province) gathered a crowd to raise an army.
Zhang Ba and Qin Feng from Nan Commandery (江陵县, Hubei Province);
Jiangxia (Yunmeng County, Hebei Province) Sheep Mu;
Julu (Pingxiang County, Hebei Province) Ma Shiqiu. ；
Pingyuan (Pingyuan County, Shandong Province) Chi Zhaoping, which is also a woman;
No salt (Dongping County, Shandong Province) Solu restoration.
Peasant rebel armies are spread throughout the country, and we highlight a few of the main rebel armies:
In the south, there are Xiajiang, Xinshi, and Pinglin Soldiers.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="16" > seventeen AD, a great famine occurred in Jingzhou (southern Henan, central Hubei, and western Hunan), and a large number of hungry people fled to the mountain swamps to dig wild vegetables and wild fruits to fill their hunger, mainly to excavate a plant called "凫茈", which is what we often call "water chestnut". </h1>
However, due to the limited number of wild vegetables, there are too many hungry people, and they often fight with each other. Wang Kuang and Wang Feng, people from Xinshi (Beijingshan County, Huhu), came forward to mediate and talk about peace, and because of their fair handling, they won everyone's trust. Everyone thinks about it, there is no food in this eye, the government not only does not provide disaster relief, but there are signs of increased levies, it is better to simply gather together. Therefore, they elected Wang Kuang and Wang Feng as leaders, and there were hundreds of people gathered.
Nanyang people Ma Wu, Yingchuan people (Yu County, Henan Province) Wang Chang, Cheng Dan and so on also came to join. They attacked nearby villages, robbed their homes, and then retreated in the Dongting Hubei Green Forest Mountain (Dahong Mountain in Dangyang County, Hubei Province), and their momentum grew. In a few months, seven or eight thousand people gathered.
In 21 AD, the new dynasty Jingzhou Mu (governor) led 20,000 troops to attack the Green Forest Army, and the Green Forest Army broke the New Mang Army, killing thousands of people and capturing all the weight. Subsequently, several counties were attacked, and the number of troops increased to more than 50,000.
In the year 22 AD, the Green Forest Rebel Army suffered a major epidemic, and half of the people died. The remaining rebel army dispersed. The unit led by Wang Chang and Cheng Dan traveled west to Nan Commandery in the west, which is now Jiangling County, Jiangling County, Hubei Province, and moved to "Xiajiang Bing"; while Wang Feng, Wang Kuang, Ma Wu, Zhu Kun, Zhang Jie, and others traveled north and north into Nanyang, and this part of the rebel army was called "Xinshi Bing" (Xinshi was located in the northeast of Jingshan County, Hubei Province), and the leader of Xinshi Bing was called a general.
Later, The new city soldier Wang Kuang and others attacked Housui County in Hubei Province, and at this time, in pinglin guanpinglin in the northeast of sui county, Chen Mu, Liao Zhan, and other troops responded, known as Pinglin soldiers.
The rebel armies in the east were mainly the Red Brow Army.
In 18 AD, Fan Chong, a native of Zhucheng County, Shandong Province, revolted at Jucheng (Ju County, Shandong Province) and led more than a hundred people into Mount Tai. The hungry people in the vicinity, who respected Fan Chong's bravery, came to their aid. Feng'an, a native of the same county, and Xu Xuan, Xie Lu, and Yang Yin from Donghai (Tancheng County, Shandong Province) also gathered a crowd to raise an army, reaching tens of thousands of people. They joined Fan Chong's army and looted and plundered in the area of Qingzhou (central Shandong Province) and Xuzhou (northern Jiangsu Province).
In 21 AD, Wang Mang sent the general Jing Shang and others to requisition the rebel army around Qingzhou and Xuzhou, but the new Mang army failed and Jing Shang was killed.
In 22 CE, Wang Mang also sent the Taishi Wang Kuang and the general Lian Dan to lead more than 100,000 elite troops to fight against the rebel army led by Fan Chong. Fan Chong, preparing for a big battle, faced with 100,000 government troops, Fan Chong, fearing that the people would not be able to distinguish between the enemy and us in the melee, ordered the rebel army to paint their eyebrows with red cinnabar as a sign of the rebel army. Since then, Fan Chong's rebel army has been known as the "Red Eyebrow" Army.
100,000 government troops were mighty, going east, passing through the places, burning and looting, and the people said: I would rather touch the red eyebrows than touch the Taishi.
The two armies fought a major battle in Chengchang, which is now Dongping County, Shandong Province. The Chimei army broke the government army, Wang Kuang fled, and Lian Dan and more than twenty generals below were killed. After the victory of the Chimei Army, the number of people suddenly increased to hundreds of thousands, and its power expanded to the two major plains of the north and south of the Yellow River.
The northern rebel army mainly included copper horses and other rebel armies.
On the great plains around Jizhou and Yanzhou on both sides of the Yellow River, there were large and small rebel armies
Dozens of parts, small parts generally have tens of thousands of people, and most parts have hundreds of thousands of people.
Among them, diao zi have a crowd of 60,000 or 70,000, and the head of the city is the road (the leader Of Dongping Ren Ye Zeng)
There are more than 200,000 people.
The rest are such as Tongma, Datong, Youlai, Wuxue, Tanxiang, Wulou, Fuping, Yusuo, Gaohu, Chonglian, Tie shin, Big Gun, Shangjiang, Qingyi, Gowata and so on
Ministry, according to historical records, these rebel armies, a total of millions of people.
Most of the above rebel armies were peasants who were forced by tyranny and had no way out. For example, when the Jingzhou government army recruited the Green Forest Army, it was defeated by the Green Forest Army, when the Green Forest Army caught up with the governor's car, but only killed the governor's escort, and did not dare to offend the governor. It can be seen that these peasant rebels are still afraid of the government. Fan Chong's Chimei Army, which was also the largest rebel army, used only the names of the leaders of the villages, such as the Three Elders, the Engaged Officers, and the Pawns, instead of the titles of "King", "Hou", and "General". It can be seen that these rebels came from the civilian population, and what they saw and heard were only these township or county officials.
All this shows that these peasant rebel armies were only forced by hunger and forced by the government to take risks. There was no political will to stand on its own court, and it lacked organization and discipline. Some of their practices at that time were only those that could sustain a basic life.
At this moment, an important historical figure appeared, and his appearance rewrote history.
Uncle Talked about the Fourth of the Eastern Han Dynasty: Rebelling against Xin mang, unveiling the pole