The Great Mongol State, that is, the Mongol regime established in the 13th century by the Mongol Beggars Temujin, who was also known as the "Genghis Khan" in later generations. Since the establishment of the Mongol State, it has been expanding abroad, and the countries conquered by it include the Western Xia, the Western Liao, the Jin Dynasty, the Hua lazimo, the Southern Song Dynasty, and so on. After the destruction of these countries, Genghis Khan's generation completed the great cause of unifying China and established the Yuan Dynasty, the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in history.
Due to Mongol custom, the annihilation of the state in the process was bloody, at least relative to the demise of other dynasties. Countless ancient texts record that in the expansion of the Mongol Empire, countless ancient civilizations were completely destroyed. Countless cities and pools were razed to the ground, and terror and mass extinction opponents were tried and tested tactics by the Mongols. Western Xia was one of the more miserable countries, and when it was destroyed, only 106 households were killed in a city, and the writing was lost.
The history of the Western Xia Kingdom dates back to the end of the Tang Dynasty, when Huang Chao entered Chang'an City in the first year of Zhonghe (881), and Li Sigong, the leader of the Pingxia clan of the Dangxiang clan, rebelled with Li Xiaochang. When the Huangchao Rebellion subsided, because Li Sigong had meritorious service, the Tang Dynasty made it the land of the Five Continents that was given to the Dingnan Army. After submitting to the Tang Dynasty, the five dynasties of the regimes, and the Northern Song Dynasty, li jiqian, who had no choice but to go to the northern song dynasty where the land of the five continents was annexed, Li Jiqian, a descendant of Li Sigong, had to run away to start a business.
He was brave and decisive, maneuvering between the Song and Liao, and in 990 he was crowned by the Liao Dynasty as the King of Xia and continued to occupy the hexi corridor states. Not to be left behind, the Song Dynasty gave Li Ji the title of King of Xiping on the one hand, and gave him the name Zhao Baoji on the other hand. Favored by others, the more honest Li Jiqian and his son Li Deming are still more obedient, but they can go to his grandson Li Yuanhao. Probably after two generations of business prosperity, began to have ambitions, the Heavenly Gift Law Yan Zuo first year (1038) directly independent of the Liao song outside the emperor.
This is the origin of the Western Xia, from Li Yuanhao's claim to the throne until it was destroyed by the Mongol Empire in 1227, and the Western Xia existed for 189 years in history. After experiencing ten emperors, the territory was 830,000 square kilometers at its peak, and the early period was equal to the Liao and Song dynasties, and the late Song and Jin dynasties stood on their feet. The so-called three divisions of the world are one of them, dominating the northwest for two hundred years, or a relatively tenacious dynasty. It is generally believed that The Western Xia is a country that has no sense of existence, such as walking on thin ice and continuing to be a vassal of the country that surrounds itself.
But in fact, for the Western Xia itself, they still existed vigorously. It can be seen from the previous three divisions of the world that in order to protect these three divisions of the world, Western Xia did more than just be a vassal. There were also endless battles, especially in the early stages, from time to time to fight with Song Liao. In the later period, he could also stand side by side with Jin, ostensibly declaring himself a vassal of the Liao and Song dynasties, but in fact still independently claiming the title of emperor internally. Its decline is similar to that of many dynasties in history, with the degeneration of the ruling class and the internal ups and downs leading to the decline of national strength.
With bad luck, he met the powerful Mongols, and at the beginning of Genghis Khan's establishment of the Mongol State, he attacked the Western Xia in order to destroy the Jinxia Alliance. Western Xia had no power to fight back, and asked the Jin Emperor for help from Yan Yongji but was refused, and Xia Xiangzong had no choice but to ask for peace. He donated a large amount of materials and agreed to rely on the Mongols to assist the Mongols in sending troops to cut gold. Genghis Khan agreed to his request, and as a result, Western Xia and the Jin Dynasty fought for more than ten years, with huge losses on both sides.
This move was really high, mongolia did not exert much effort to consume the strength of the two countries, and over time, Li Dewang, the Emperor Xianzong of Xia, also recognized the fact that Mongolia would destroy the Xia Dynasty. So they united with Jin to resist Mongolia and took advantage of Genghis Khan's western expedition to sneak attack, and the two sides completely collapsed. In the first year of Baoyi (1226), Genghis Khan launched a war to destroy Western Xia on the grounds that Xia Xianzong did not fulfill his promise, and Western Xia was naturally powerless to resist. In the second year of Baoyi, Li Xi surrendered to the Mongols, thinking that this move would at least save the remaining Western Xia people, but the catastrophe was still unavoidable.
It is said that Genghis Khan's death was related to the princess of Western Xia, and it is not known whether it is because of this that Genghis Khan issued a will to exterminate Tangut (the Mongolian name of Western Xia) before his death. According to Genghis Khan's will and testament, Li Hao was killed, and the Mongol soldiers dug three feet into the western Xia king's mausoleum and destroyed it all. Even since the Ming Dynasty, no dynasty has ever received valuable items near the Western Xia Tombs, and the excavation of the Royal Tombs is not the most tragic.
Genghis Khan's demand was extinction, which naturally included people, and li yi began a massive slaughter of the city after his death. All the Western Xia people, including the imperial family, even 106 households were left in a city, and Yinchuan was barely saved by the efforts of the Mongol general Chahan. It is precisely because of the large-scale extinction that the Western Xia, which has had its own script for more than a hundred years, has lost even the text.