[sic] The second number of words let Li Si: "Occupy the third public position, how to make thieves like this!" Li Si was afraid, and he did not know what to do, but it was ah ii who intended to write to him: "He who is a wise lord will be able to perform the art of supervision." Therefore, Shen Zi said: "There is a world without arbitrariness, and the fate of the world is "the shackles of the world", there is no other, can not supervise, but take care of the people of the world, ruo Yao, Yu Ran, so it is called the shackles." 'The husband cannot cultivate shen and Han Zhiming, practice the way of supervision, and devote himself to the self-adaptation of the world; and the servants who work hard to work hard and work with their bodies are the battle of Qianshou, and those who are not in the world are also the ones who are not in the world. Therefore, if the Lord can perform the art of supervision and responsibility to judge the superior, then the power is not under his subjects, and then he can destroy the tu of benevolence and righteousness, the argument of the admonition, and the recklessness of the heart and the dare not to rebel. In this way, the people and the people have not saved it, how dare they change! "The Second Said, "Therefore the Governor is strict, the taxpayers are the ming officials, the murderers are loyal subjects, the executioners are half of the Tao, and the dead are accumulated in the city; the Qin people are terrified and confused.
[Translation] II repeatedly condemned Li Si: "In the high position of the Three Princes, how to make thieves rampant to such a point!" Lis was quite frightened, but he also valued the covetous official Lilu, and did not know what to do, so he catered to the wishes of the second emperor, replying in the letter: "A wise monarch must be a person who can perform the art of ruling his subordinates to investigate the punishment of sins." Therefore, Shen Buxian said: "Owning the world but not indulging in indulgence, the reason for calling it "taking the world as one's own shackles" is not anything else, that is, it is that it is impossible to punish the subordinates for their sins, but to use their own strength to work for the common people of the world, that is, like Tang Yao and Dayu, so it is called 'shackles'. Instead of studying the clever spells of Shen Bu harm and Han Fei, practicing the means of detecting crimes and punishing them, and concentrating on using the world as a capital to make themselves happy, they prefer to work hard to serve the people, as if they became the slaves of the common people, and could not be regarded as the kings who ruled the world. What is there to be admired for! Therefore, the wise monarch can perform the art of detecting crimes and punishing, and act arbitrarily and arbitrarily, so that power will not fall into the hands of his subordinates, and then he can block the way to implement benevolence, put an end to the arguments of the exhortators, and do whatever he wants alone, and no one dares to resist. In this way, it is too late for the courtiers and the people to make amends for their mistakes, and where else dare they plot any change! "The second was very happy, so he imposed more severe punishment for crimes, with those who levied heavy taxes on the people as talented officials and officials who killed many people as loyal subjects, so that half of the pedestrians on the road were criminals who had been punished, and the corpses of the dead were piled up in the street market every day, so that the people of the Qin Dynasty became more and more frightened and fearful, thinking of the turmoil.
【Analysis】Is Li Si responsible for the peasant uprising at the end of Qin? According to the "Chronicle of Li Silie", it was the second who heeded Zhao Gao's advice, and the punishment became more and more severe, and the group of courtiers was at their own risk, and the people who wanted to be on the side were many. The endowment became heavier and heavier, so Chu Shu's pawns Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were in rebellion. Li Sishu wanted to ask for advice, but the second did not allow it. As a chancellor, Li Si failed to advise the SECOND, which was his dereliction of duty; as a believer in the Dharma, Li Si could not let the hundred officials loosen up at the level of execution. Aside from the death advice, if Li Si offered to resign, would the second person listen to Li Si's advice, and would the result be different? However, Li Si was unwilling to give up his power, but instead chose to meet the second emperor, describing Tang Yao and Dayu's diligence as a shackle, and promoting harsh punishment, arbitrary behavior, and enjoying life as the actions of the Ming Emperor, making the situation in the Qin state even more unstable. Therefore, a person like LiSi, whose selfish interests are more important than public interests, cannot be in a high position, otherwise he will be in great trouble.
[sic] Zhao Liliang has already fixed Changshan and also reported to King Zhao. King Fu of Zhao sent Liangluo Taiyuan; to Shiyi, qin soldiers saijingxing, failed to advance. Qin will deceive the second book to recruit Liang. If you do not believe in the book, you will return it to Handan and ask for soldiers. Before he arrived, when the sister of the King of Zhao came out to drink, He saw it and thought that he was the king, and he was beside the road. Sister Wang was drunk and did not know her general, so she rode Xie Liliang. Li Liangsugui, from the beginning, was ashamed of his subordinate official. One of the officials said: "The world is in qin, and those who can do it stand first." And King Zhao su went out of the general, and now the daughter is not for the general to get off, please hunt him down! "Li Liang had already obtained the Book of Qin, and he was determined to oppose Zhao, and was therefore angry, and sent his men to hunt down and kill Wang's sister, because he attacked Handan with his troops. Unbeknownst to Handan, he killed King Zhao and Shao Sao. Most of the Zhao people are the eyes and ears of Zhang Er and Chen Yu, so the two are unique.
[Translation] Li Liang, a general of the State of Zhao, had pacified Changshan and returned the favor to King Wuchen of Zhao. King Zhao sent him to capture Taiyuan. When Li Liang led his troops to Shiyi, the Qin army was deployed at the mouth of Jingxing, and the Zhao army could not continue to advance. Qin would forge the letters of emperor II to summon Li Liang. Li Liang did not believe it after receiving the book, and led his army back to Handan to request reinforcements. Before arriving in Handan, he met King Zhao's sister returning from a drink and feast on the way. When Li Liang saw it, he thought that King Zhao was coming, and he hurriedly bowed down beside the road to pay his respects. King Zhao's sister was so drunk that she didn't know he was a general, so she ordered her cavalry to greet him. Li Liang had always been honorable, and when he got up, he looked back at his entourage of officials and felt extremely ashamed. One of the entourage said: "The world rebelled against the Qin Dynasty, and those who had the ability to do so were first established as kings. Moreover, the status of King Zhao has always been lower than yours, and now a female streamer will not return the salute for you to get off the car, so please hunt her down! Li Liang had already received the letter from the Second Emperor, and originally wanted to rebel against the Zhao State, but he had not yet made a final decision. Therefore, taking advantage of a moment of anger, he sent people to catch up and kill King Zhao's sister, and took advantage of the situation to lead an army to attack Handan. The Handan defenders were unaware, causing Li Liang to finally kill King Zhao and Zuo Cheng Xiang Shao. Many of the Zhao people were the eyes and ears of Zhang Er and Chen Yu, and they reported the news in a timely manner, so that the two were able to escape alone.
【Analysis】High-paid poaching is a common strategy for dividing and disintegrating opponents, and various dynasties in history have adopted zhao'an. As leaders and HR leaders, how to prevent key talents from being recruited by opponents is an important issue. From the perspective of specific measures, recruiting people and being poached are two sides of the same coin, the needs of different talents are not the same, some people like to meet the senses such as sound and color, dogs and horses, some people pursue good names, some people love power, some people attach importance to love, and some people try to achieve ideals. Li Liang belongs to people who love face and pursue good name, and because they feel that they are not respected, they rebel.
Warlords can accept advice, but they can't look at people and use people. After self-reliance, the personnel arrangements were not handled properly, and the people's hearts and minds were not really won over by the subordinates, and many people were only forced and forced by the situation. As a high-ranking general, Li Liang needed to give courtesy on the one hand, and on the other hand, he needed to send someone around him to balance him. In this way, you will not lose your life because of a small matter.
[sic] Chen Ren Qin Jia, Fu Liren Zhu Jishi and other troops raised an army and besieged the East China Sea to defend Yu Tan. When King Chen heard of this, he made Wu Pingjun a general and supervised tan's army. Qin Jia was not ordered to do so, and established himself as the Grand Sima (大司馬); the evil belonged to Wu Pingjun and told the military officials: "Wu Pingjun is young, he does not know military affairs, do not listen!" "Because of the king's order to kill Wu Ping Junpan."
[Translation] Chen Ren Qin Jia, Fu Liren Zhu Jishi and others gathered a crowd to besiege Donghai County's garrison in Tandi. When Chen Sheng heard the news, he sent Wu Pingjun, a general named Pan, to oversee the various armies surrounding Tancheng. Qin Jia did not accept this order, established himself as the Grand Sima and, out of disgust for being subordinate to Wu Pingjun, told his military officials: "Wu Pingjun is young and does not understand the use of soldiers, do not listen to him!" He then falsely passed on Chen Sheng's order and killed Wu Pingjunpan.
【Analysis】 Not knowing the military affairs and correcting the king's order to kill people is the consequence of Chen Sheng's improper handling of Wu Guang's murder. Even his own troops could not be controlled, and he also sent Wu Pingjun to collect the rebel army of Qin Jia and Zhu Jishi, which was where Chen Sheng's mistake was made. For example, the merger and expansion of enterprises needs to improve management capabilities synchronously, if management cannot keep up, blind expansion is only to increase the burden on themselves.
If you are Wu Pingjun, how can you avoid being killed? The first is to convince people with strength, to win trust, rather than to suppress people, and to tell Qin Jia the advantages of obeying Chen Sheng and the disadvantages of not submitting. Chen Sheng was the leader of the rebel army, and although he lost the attack on Qin, he had a base, had a strong economic foundation, and could receive financial support in terms of grain and grass military salaries. When attacked by others, you can ask Chen Sheng for help and have a backer. Moreover, although he submitted to Chen Sheng, the command was still in his own hands, and there was not much damage. If he did not submit, Chen Sheng might send troops to attack and suffer from the enemy on his stomach and back. The second is to lower the posture, delegate power, and eliminate the other party's wariness. When the military strength was not enough to suppress other rebel armies, he only took the nominal command and respected the opinions of other generals in case of trouble. We must not fake tiger power, be domineering, and make enemies for ourselves. Third, use interests to divide the rebel armies and gradually seize real power. By promising military salaries, grain, grass, positions, etc., they triggered competition among the generals of the rebel army and broke through each one.
[sic] The Second Emperor Sent Commander Shi Sima Xin and Dong Yi Zuo Zhang to fight against thieves. Zhang Handan had already broken through Wu Feng, attacked Chen Zhu Guofangjun, and killed him; he also attacked Chen Xi Zhang Hejun. King Chen went out to supervise the battle. Zhang He died.
[Translation] The second emperor sent the chief Shi Sima Xin and Dong Yi to assist Zhang Handan in attacking the thieves. Zhang Handan had defeated Wu Feng and attacked Cai Ci, the Chu Shangzhu state of ChenDi, and killed him. Then he attacked Zhang He's army on the west side of Chen Di. Chen Sheng personally went into battle to supervise the battle. Zhang He was still killed in battle.
【Analysis】 After chen sheng failed in attack, he did not strengthen his defenses in time and train his soldiers, resulting in defeat after defeat. If the Qin army could not be defeated in position warfare, it was necessary to withdraw from the base area and preserve its strength, even if it was to defect to other rebel armies.
[sic] La Yue, The Ruyin of King Chen, also, to the father of xiacheng, his imperial zhuang Jia killed King Chen to surrender. In the beginning, Chen Shi was a king, and his deceased people all followed him. His wife's father also went to Yan, and King Chen treated him with all the guests, and did not worship for a long time. The wife's father was furious: "The arrogant and arrogant elder cannot be long- "Don't quit. King Chen knelt down and thanked him, so he did not care. The guests came and went more and more comfortably, and the words of the king were old. Or Chen Wangyue: "The guest is stupid and ignorant, arrogant, and contemptuous." "King Chen beheaded him." All the people of the past have led themselves to the king, and they are not pro-king Chen. King Chen made Zhu Fang the Zhongzheng and Hu Wu the Chief Minister. The generals will come to the earth, so that they will not be, and they will be guilty of sin. He who is not good is loyal to him, and he who is not good is an official, and he is self-governing. The generals will not be attached to him for this reason, and this is why he will be defeated.
[Translation] In the month of La, Chen Sheng went to Ruyin, and when he returned, he arrived at Xiacheng Father, and his coachman Zhuang Jia assassinated him and surrendered to the Qin army. At the beginning, Chen Sheng had already become the king of Chu, and his former friends had gone to surrender. Chen Sheng's wife's father also went, but Chen Sheng treated him as an ordinary guest, but only held a meeting ceremony with his hands high and did not worship. Chen Sheng's father-in-law therefore said angrily: "Relying on rebellion, surpassing the title of self-proclaimed emperor, and being arrogant and rude to the elders, it cannot last long!" "That is, to leave without quitting. Chen Sheng hurriedly knelt down to apologize, and the old man finally ignored it. One of Chen Sheng's guests came in and out more and more indulgently, talking about Chen Sheng's past. Therefore, someone advised Chen Sheng: "The guests are ignorant and ignorant, and they are talking nonsense, which is detrimental to your majesty." Chen Sheng killed the guest. In this way, Chen Sheng's former friends all left automatically, and there was no one close to him anymore. Chen Sheng also appointed Zhu Fang as Zhongzheng and Hu Wu as Si Guo, in charge of supervising the negligence of his subjects. The generals attacked the city and plundered the land to reach their destination, and those who disobeyed Chen Sheng's orders were arrested and punished. By taking the negligence of harsh picketers as an act of loyalty, those who do not like it are not sent to judicial officials for trial, that is, they are disposed of without authorization. As a result, all the generals were no longer close to And Chen Sheng. This is the reason why Chen Sheng failed.
【Analysis】 The generals will not be attached to it for this reason, so they will be defeated. Both Sima Qian and Sima Guang believed that Chen Sheng's defeat was due to the lack of unity in the team. The first thing, Chen Sheng's father-in-law surrendered, Chen Sheng just performed the bow salute, wrong? Wrong indeed. As a leader, he should be more exemplary, respecting the elderly and respecting the sages, and when Xu You surrendered to Cao Cao, Cao Cao did not have time to wear Xie and came out to greet him. My father-in-law is still disrespectful, can you count on him to be true to his friends? Chen Sheng knelt down to apologize, the old man ignored it, and did not give Chen Sheng the opportunity to change, was it because of insufficient gas or did he foresee that Chen Sheng would fail? I am afraid that I know that Chen Sheng arbitrarily cannot listen to opinions, and the apology is not out of his heart but to maintain his own image. The second thing, Chen Sheng killed his old friend. The old friends who cultivated together came to the rescue, the doorman did not help to inform, it was Chen Sheng who shouted Chen Sheng's name on the street after going out, so Chen Sheng took it back to the palace. The old friend talked about Chen Sheng's past in a chaotic way, which damaged Chen Sheng's majesty, and Chen Sheng listened to people's suggestions and killed him directly, which was also where Chen Sheng went wrong. Cao Cao was dissatisfied with Xu You, and also acquiesced to the killing of his subordinates, and he also wanted to bury Xu You thickly. Chen Sheng either borrowed a knife to kill people, or sent people out to minimize the impact of his nonsense. The third thing is that Chen Sheng reused Zhu Fang and Hu Wu, and disrespecting military orders should indeed be killed, but the autonomy of the Fu officials could easily lead to subordinates forming a party without authorization, fabricating facts, and causing people's hearts to be scattered.
Is Sima Guang's judgment correct? The author believes that the disunity of the team is one of the reasons for Chen Sheng's failure, and if the generals of various places can work together to help Chen Sheng resist Qin, Chen Sheng's strength will be even stronger. However, the fundamental reason for Chen Sheng's failure was that he could not recognize and employ people, especially the lack of military talents. Even if Chen Sheng was united internally, the Qin army could create opportunities to mobilize the rebel army to break through.
[sic] King Chen's general Lü Chen (劉臣) was the Cangtou army, who raised Xinyang, attacked Chen, and xiazhi, killed Zhuang Jia, and restored Chen as Chu; buried King Chen Yu Yan and The Hidden King.
[Translation] In the past, Lü Chen, a close attendant and general who served as a sweeper around Chen Sheng, established a cangtou army with green scarves and heads, raised an army in Xinyang, attacked Chen Di, killed Zhuang Jia after Kefu, and again took Chen Di as the capital of Chu, and buried Chen Sheng in Yan County, with the title of "Hidden King".
【Analysis】 Although Chen Sheng failed, the anti-Qin spark had already burned, and Lü Chen recaptured Chen Di, indicating that the rebel army had a mass base and would not collapse with one blow.
At the beginning, King Chen sent Song Liu to set up troops in Nanyang and enter Wuguan. Liu had already wandered to Nanyang, Wen Chen died, and Nanyang was restored to Qin; Song liu surrendered with an army, and the second car was split to stay in Yi.
At first, Chen Sheng ordered Song Liu to lead an army to pacify Nanyang and enter Wuguan. Song Liu had captured Nanyang, and after hearing the news of Chen Sheng's death, Nanyang was once again occupied by the Qin army, and Song Liu led his troops to surrender, and the second party split his car and showed it to the public.
【Analysis】According to the "History of Chen Shijia", Song Liu attacked Wuguan after capturing Nanyang, Chen Sheng was killed and caused a rebellion in Nanyang, Song Liu could neither attack Wuguan nor return to Nanyang, so he had to turn to Xincai and encounter the qin regular army, and Song Liu could not defeat the army and surrendered.
The Second Killing Will Be Really Dumb! There are still so many generals in the rebel army, which is to block the road to Zhao'an, so that the rebel army has to fight to the death against Qin. I think that the second is too arrogant, and with the victory of the Qin army, he feels that the rebel army is vulnerable. But even so, it still does not fit the law of war.
[sic] Wei Zhou's generals were slightly abundant and powerful, making people attract yong teeth. Yongya ya did not want to belong to Pei Gong, that is, to surrender Wei with abundance. Pei Gong attacked, not to resist.
[Translation] Wei Guozhou led an army to capture Feng and Pei, and sent people to surrender Yongya. Yongya Pingsu did not want to belong to Liu Bang, so he immediately raised Fengyi to surrender to Wei. Liu Bang attacked Fengyi and failed to recover.
【Analysis】 The problem of unity within the rebel army was not only encountered by Chen Shengyou, but also by Liu Bang. It will take time to conquer people's hearts.
[sic] Zhao Zhang'er and Chen Yu collected their scattered troops, tens of thousands of people, and attacked Li Liang; they were defeated and returned to Zhang Handan. The guest has said: "The two kings are in charge of the brigade, and if they want to attach themselves to Zhao, they can be independent; after establishing Zhao, supplemented by friendship, they can do their work." "It is to ask Zhao Xie." Spring, the first month, Er, Yu Li xie as the King of Zhao, Ju Xindu.
Zhao Guo Zhang Er and Chen Yu collected the fleeing soldiers, tens of thousands of soldiers, and immediately attacked Li Liang. Li Liangbing was defeated and fled, surrendering to Zhang Handan. Some of the guests persuaded Zhang Er and Chen Yu to say, "The two guests are foreigners, and it is difficult for them to succeed independently if they want to make the Zhao people subordinate." If you support the descendants of the former King of Zhao and assist him with benevolence and righteousness, you can accomplish your deeds. The two then sought out Zhao Xie. In the spring, in the first month, Zhang Er and Chen Yu established Zhao Xie as the King of Zhao and resided in Xindu.
【Analysis】Zhang Er and Chen Yu were from Chen County, and after defeating Li Liang, they encountered a problem, who controlled the leadership of the Zhao rebel army? Zhang Er and Chen Yu held equal positions, and no agreement was reached. The grasp of the right to distribute benefits by outsiders will inevitably impact the original interest pattern of the Zhao State, and the local nobles may not fully support it. Therefore, some guests suggested the establishment of descendants of the Zhao state monarch, and the interests of the Zhao state monarch and the local nobles of the Zhao state were the most consistent, and they could win the support of the local nobles of the Zhao state.
[sic] Dongyang Ningjun and Qin Jiawen Chen Wang's army was defeated, and Nai Li Jingju was the king of Chu, and the fang who led the army wanted to attack the Qin army; so that Gongsun Qing made Qi want to advance with it. King Qi said: "King Chen was defeated, and he did not know whether he was dead or alive, and Chu An had to establish a king uninvited!" Gongsun Qingyue: "Qi did not invite Chu to establish a king, why did Chu ask Qi to establish a king!" And chu is the first thing to do, and it should be ordered by the world. "Tian Dan killed Gongsun Qing."
[Translation] When the Dongyang people Ning Jun and Qin Jia heard that Chen Sheng's army was defeated, they embraced Jingju as the king of Chu and led the troops to Fanghe, intending to attack the Qin army at Dingtao, that is, to send Gongsun Qing to send an envoy to the state of Qi, hoping to join forces with Qi to attack Qin. The King of Qi said, "Chen Sheng was defeated in battle, and his life and death are still unknown, so how can the State of Chu establish itself without asking the State of Qi to establish itself!" Gongsun Qing said, "The State of Qi did not ask the State of Chu to establish a king, so why should the State of Chu ask the State of Qi to establish a king only after it has been instructed?" Moreover, the Chu state was the first to rise up, and it should order the world. Tian Dan, the King of Qi, then killed Gongsun Qing.
【Analysis】As a diplomat, you must have a big pattern, you can see the general trend of the world, Gongsun Qingzhen is not a qualified emissary! When it was, the strength of the State of Chu was greatly damaged, so the King of Qi dared to say that the King of Chu was going to ask the State of Qi for instructions. Gongsun Qing, however, said that the State of Chu should order the whole world to start a matter of first, and regard the King of Qi as a vassal of the King of Chu. The correct response should be to be humble and unobtrusive: a country must not be without a monarch for a day, and it is too late to consult with the princes of various countries. At the beginning, the Qin state single-handedly destroyed the six kingdoms of Shandong because of the internal disunity of the six countries. At present, the Qin army has already defeated the Chu army, and I am afraid that it will attack the State of Qi in the near future, and if Qi Chu cannot join forces, I am afraid that it will repeat the mistakes of Qin destroying the Six Kingdoms.
[sic] Qin Left and Right Colonels re-attacked Chen, and the next. General Lü left, the soldiers reunited, and met with the Fan thief Tuobu, attacking Qin's left and right colonels, breaking the Qingbo, and restoring Chen as Chu.
[Translation] The left and right lieutenants of the Qin Dynasty led the army to attack Chen again, Lü Chen's troops fled in defeat, and after collecting scattered troops to regroup, they met with the thieves Tuobu of Fanyang County, and jointly attacked the left and right lieutenants of the Qin Dynasty, defeated the Qin army at Qingbo, and retook Chen as the capital of Chu.
[sic] The cloth bearers, six people also, surnamed Yingshi, sit on the Fa And, and lose Lishan with the theory of prisoners. Hundreds of thousands of disciples of Lishan, Budu and his apprentice Haojie, who led his Cao Couple to the river of death as a group of thieves. Fanyang ordered Wu Rui to win the hearts and minds of the people in the rivers and lakes, and was called Fan jun. The crowd has been seen by thousands. Fan Jun took his wife as a daughter and sent him to attack Qin.
[Translation] Tuobu is a native of Liudi, surnamed Ying, who was sentenced to be appeased for breaking the law, and was sent to Lishan to do hard labor after being convicted as a prisoner. At that time, there were hundreds of thousands of prisoners serving in Lishan, and Tuobu had contacts with the leaders and powerful people, so he led his group to flee to the Yangtze River and gathered as bandits. Wu Rui of Fanyang County, who was very loved by the people in the rivers and lakes, was given the title of "Fan Jun". Tuobu went to see him, and by this time Tuobu's men had reached thousands. Fan Jun married his daughter to Tuobu and ordered him to lead his men to attack the Qin army.
【Analysis】 It is impossible to fight alone, even if it is difficult to fall, it is necessary to make a wide range of good friends and accumulate strength. Fanyang County Ling gives people the feeling of Song Jiang, and the good reputation makes Hao jie voluntarily defect, so it is said to cherish his reputation.
[sic] King Jingju of Chu was staying, and Pei Gong was subordinate to him. Zhang Liang also gathered more than a hundred young people to go to Congjingju, and when he met Pei Gong, he belonged to Yan, and Pei Gong worshiped Liang as a stable general. The good number is said to be Pei Gong by the Taigong Martial Law; Pei Gong is good and often uses its strategy; and the good is spoken by others, and none of them are introspective. Liang Yue: "Pei Gong is dead!" "So I couldn't stay."
【Translation】 King Jingju of Chu was stationed in his residence, and Liu Bang went to guifu. Zhang Liang also gathered more than a hundred young people, planning to go to Jingju, but when he met Liu Bang on the way, he belonged to him, and Liu Bang gave Zhang Liang the post of general of the stables. Zhang Liang repeatedly used the principles of the Taigong Art of War to offer advice to Liu Bang, and Liu Bang appreciated him very much and often adopted his strategies. Zhang Liang told others about the Taigong Art of War, and those people could not understand it. Zhang Liang therefore said, "Pei Gong is probably a talented person!" So he stayed and stopped going.
【Analysis】Zhang Liang was a famous scholar in the late Qin and early Han dynasties. Liu Bang was able to get Zhang Liang by accident and necessity. The coincidence is that Zhang Liang met Liu Bang because both of them defected to Jingju and met on the way, in fact, Zhang Liang did not want to defect to Liu Bang. The inevitable thing is that Liu Bang has military talent and can analyze and listen to Zhang Liang's suggestions.
[sic] Pei Gong and Liang Ju saw Jingju and wanted to invite soldiers to attack Fengfeng. Shi Zhang, sima corpse, the second general of the army, the northern Ding Chudi, Tu Xiang, and Zhi Yan. Dongyang Ningjun and Pei Gong led troops to the west, and Zhan Xiaoxi, unfavorable, also, collected troops and stayed. In February, he attacked the bricks, and on three days, he pulled them out; he received 6,000 soldiers, and 9,000 men from his homeland. In March, he attacked Yi and pulled it out; he returned the attack on Feng, not down.
Liu Bang and Zhang Liang went to see Jingju together, wanting to request additional troops to counterattack Fengyi. At this time, Sima Er, a subordinate of Zhang Handan, went north to occupy the land of Chu, looted and slaughtered Xiang, and arrived at Yan. The Dongyang people Ning Jun and Liu Bang immediately led their troops westward and engaged the Qin army in the west of Xiao County, but retreated due to the defeat in the battle, and gathered their troops to stay. In February, Liu Bang and others attacked Yan, which lasted three days, conquered the city, and collected the troops of Yan, with 6,000 men, and merged with the previous troops, reaching 9,000 people. In March, Liu Bang and others led an army to attack Xiayi, and after regaining, they counterattacked Feng, but still failed to capture it.
[sic] The Guangling people summoned Ping to the Chen King's Guangling Tomb and did not go down. After king Chen was defeated, Zhang Handan arrived, Nai crossed the river, Corrected Chen Wang Ling, and worshiped Xiang Liang as the pillar state of Chu, saying: "Jiangdong has been decided, and the army is urgently led to attack Qin in the west!" "Liang Nai crossed the river with eight thousand people to the west. Wen Chen Infant had gone down to Dongyang and sent an envoy to Lianhe and Juxi. Chen Infant, so Dongyang Lingshi, JuXian Zhong, Su Xinjin, known as the elder. The young man of Dongyang killed him and gathered 20,000 people to make the baby king. The mother of the baby said: "I am a ru housewife, and I have not heard of the nobles of the ru ancestors." Now it is ominous to have a big name; it is better to belong. When things are accomplished, Judah is crowned marquis; if things fail, they are easy to die, and they are not named by the world. The infant did not dare to be the king, and said to his military official: "The family of the Xiang clan is famous in Chu, and if you want to do something big now, you will have to be his own." I rely on the famous clan, and the death of Qin will be finished! "His multitudes are subordinate to the liang of the soldiers.
[Translation] The Guangling people summoned Ping to attack Guangling for Chen Sheng, but failed to capture it. At this time, he heard that Chen Sheng's army was defeated and fled, and Zhang Handan's army was about to arrive, so he crossed the Yangtze River, falsely passed on Chen Sheng's order, and conferred on Xiang Liang Chu the official position of Shangzhu Guo, saying: "The east of the Yangtze River has been pacified, and the army should attack the Qin army to the west!" Xiang Liang then led 8,000 people across the Yangtze River to the west. Hearing the news that Chen Infant had conquered Dongyang, Xiang Liang immediately sent emissaries to join forces with Chen Infant to march westward. Chen Bao, a former Lingshi of Dongyang County, lived in the county seat and was always honest and prudent, and was called an elder. The young people of Dongyang County killed the county order and gathered 20,000 people to support Chen Bao as king. Infant Chen's mother therefore said to Baby Chen, "Since I became your daughter-in-law, I have never heard that there were people of great status among your ancestors. Today's sudden rise to fame does not bode well. It is better to cling to others, so that things succeed, you can still be enfeoffed, things fail, and it is easy to flee, because you are not a person in the world who is named. Chen Infant then did not dare to claim the title of king, and said to his officers: "Xiang surname has been a general for generations, and enjoys a high reputation in the Chu kingdom, and now if you want to do great things, the general must be such a person." We rely on famous families, and the destruction of the Qin Dynasty is inevitable! His men obeyed him, that is, to put the troops under the command of Xiang Liang.
【Analysis】1. Why did Xiang Liang obey Chen Sheng's orders and march west? Xiang Liang already had the need to expand his territory, and Chen Sheng's order to move west was in line with his plan, which could be used in the name of anti-Qin in a justifiable manner, but also unconstrained. 2. Establish an anti-Qin united front and unite other rebel armies instead of fighting alone, which is also the fastest way to expand strength. 3. Ambition should be matched with ability. Chen Bao can be called king, but unlike the Xiang family, who is a hereditary nobleman, the mass base is relatively weak, the risk is very high, and the dependence on others is relatively stable. The children of the famous and prestigious clan can receive military and political training, and the success rate is relatively high, which is the advantage of the Xiang Yu family.
[sic] Yingbu broke the Qin army and led the troops to the east; Wenxiang Liang crossed the Huaihuai in the west, and the generals Bu and Pu were all subordinate to their soldiers. Xiang Liang had 60,000 or 70,000 people, and the army was under pi.
[Translation] Tuobu had already defeated the Qin army, so he led his army to the east. Hearing that Xiang Liang was going to cross the Huai River in the west, both Tuobu and General Pu put their troops under Xiang Liang's command. At this time, Xiang Liang's troops totaled 60,000 or 70,000 people, stationed in Xia Pi.
[sic] Jing Ju and Qin Jiajun Peng Chengdong wanted to distance themselves from Liang. Liang Zhijun said: "King Chen took the lead first, the battle was unfavorable, and he did not hear where it was." Now Qin Jiabei Chen Wang and Li Jingju, the great rebellion is no way! "Nai attacked Qin Jia, and Qin Jia's army was defeated. Chased, to Huling, Jia fought for a day, Jia died, the army surrendered; Jingju walked to Liangdi.
[Translation] King Jingju of Chu and the general Qin Jia garrisoned east of Pengcheng and wanted to resist Xiangliang. Xiang Liang said to the officers: "Chen Sheng started the incident first, the battle was unfavorable, and he did not know where he was going. Now Qin Jia betrayed Chen Sheng, the King of Chu, and embraced Jingju, which was really a great rebellion! He marched to attack Qin Jia, and Qin Jia's army was defeated and fled. Xiang Liang led his troops to Huling, and Qin Jia returned to the division to fight for a day, Qin Jia was killed in battle, and his army surrendered. Jingju escaped and died in Liangdi.
【Analysis】 Qin Jia's betrayal of Chen Sheng, the king of Chu, was just an excuse, Xiang Liang was not Chen Sheng's concubine, and expanding his territory to enhance his own strength was the real intention.
[sic] Liang has merged with Qin Jiajun, Jun Huling, and will lead the army to the west. Zhang Handan's army reached Li, and Xiang Liang sent Bei to fight Zhu Jishi and Yu Fanjun. Yu Fanjun died; Zhu Jishi's army was defeated and Hu Ling was killed. Liang Nai led the troops into Xue and cursed Zhu Jishi.
Xiang Liang had already annexed Qin Jia's army, and was stationed at Huling, where he was about to lead his army westward. Zhang Handan's army arrived in Li at this time, and Xiang Liang ordered the generals of the other unified army, Zhu Jishi and Yu Fanjun, to engage the Zhang army. Yu Fanjun was killed in battle, and Zhu Jishi's team suffered defeat and fled to Huling. Xiang Liang then led an army into Xue and killed Zhu Jishi.
【Analysis】Zhu Jishi was a general who rebelled with Qin Jia, and after Qin Jia's death, he surrendered to Xiangliang. Xiang Liang, in order to avoid trouble, sent other rebel generals to fight the Qin army, taking the opportunity to consume them and take the opportunity to eliminate hidden dangers.
Pei Gong rode from more than a hundred to Liang; Liang and Pei Gong died five thousand, and the Five Masters would have ten. Pei Gong also led the army to attack Feng and pulled it out. Yong-tooth ben wei.
[Translation] Liu Bang led more than a hundred retinues to meet Xiang Liang. Xiang Liang allocated Liu Bang five thousand additional soldiers and ten officers of the fifth rank. After Liu Bang returned, he led an army to attack Fengyi and captured the city. Yongya defected to the State of Wei.
【Analysis】 Liu Bang chose to defect to Xiangliang after the defeat of Jingju, and after receiving reinforcements, he captured Fengyi, which shows that the combat effectiveness of Xiangliang's army is far stronger than that of other rebel armies.
[sic] Xiang Liang asked Xiang Yu to attack Xiangcheng, and Xiangcheng could not hold on; it had been pulled out, and all of them were pitted, and they were reported back.
Xiang Liang sent Xiang Yu to attack Xiangcheng from another road, and Xiangcheng held firm and could not be attacked for a while. After the fall, Xiang Yu was about to bury all the soldiers and civilians defending the city alive, and then return to Xiang Liang.
【Analysis】 Xiang Yu pit killed the military and civilians in order to warn other Qin troops and the consequences of not surrendering.
[sic] Liang Wen Chen Wang Ding died, summoned the general Xue Jishi, and Pei Gong also went to Yan. Resident Fan Zeng, seventy years old, Su Home, curious, said Xiang Liang: "Chen Sheng defeated, Gu Dang." Fu Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms, and Chu was the most innocent. Since the king of Huai entered Qin, the Chu people have taken pity on him so far. Therefore, Chu Nan Gong said: "Although Chu has three households, qin will die in Chu." 'Now Chen Sheng's first thing, not standing up for himself, is not long.' Now that the emperor rises in Jiangdong, the Generals of Chu will all compete for the vassals, and the Chu generals of the Junshi Dynasty will be able to restore Chu after that. Therefore, Xiang Liangran said that he would ask the king of Chuhuai to have the heart of the people and shepherd the sheep for others; Xia, in June, he immediately thought that he was the king of Chuhuai, and the people looked forward to it. Chen Bao was the Shangzhu Kingdom, sealed the five counties, and the Huai Wang du Xuyi. Xiang Liang called himself Wu Xinjun.
Xiang Liang heard that Chen Sheng was indeed dead, so he summoned the generals of various departments to Xue to discuss the matter, and Liu Bang also went to participate. Fan Zeng, who was seventy years old, had always lived at home, and had a strange plan, so he went to persuade Xiang Liang: "Chen Sheng's defeat was in the first place. The Qin Dynasty destroyed the Six Kingdoms, and the Chu State was the most innocent. And since King Huai arrived in the Qin Kingdom, he has never returned, and the people of the Chu State have missed him to this day. Therefore, Chu Nangong said: "Even if there are only three families left in the Chu State, it must be the Chu State that destroys the Qin State." Now Chen Sheng first rebelled against Qin, and established himself as king without supporting the descendants of king Chu, and his power could not last long. Now that you have raised an army in Jiangdong, the generals who have swarked up in Chu are all vying to join you, precisely because your family has been a general of the Chu state for generations, so you can re-establish the descendants of the King of Chu! Xiang Liang thought that what he said was very correct, so he found from the people the grandson of King Huai of Chu, Qi Xin, who was herding sheep for others at this time; in the summer, in June, Xiang Liang proclaimed him the King of Chu Huai, in order to obey the wishes of the people. Chen Infant served as the Shangzhu State of the Chu State, granted the title of Five Counties, and followed king Huai to build the capital Xuyi. Xiang Liang called himself Wu Xinjun.
【Analysis】The struggle for leadership. Xiang Liang was originally in the name of Chen Sheng, but now everyone knows that Chen Sheng is dead, and he can no longer use it, which involves the issue of leadership. If Xiang Liang himself was on, could the other rebel generals be convinced? If you change a descendant of the Chu king, on the one hand, the legal system can be recognized, on the other hand, the generals have a greater degree of freedom and are more acceptable. The so-called failure of Chen Sheng and the failure to support the descendants of the Chu king were just excuses, and the purpose was to use the banner of the Chu king to win people's hearts. Otherwise, he would not have attacked Jingju, a descendant of the true Chu king.
But there are pros and cons to anything. Under the banner of the King of Chu, on the one hand, it is necessary to prevent others from joining forces with the King of Chu to seize power, and on the other hand, it is necessary to consider how the King of Chu will be placed after the victory.
Zhang Liang said of Xiang Liang: "The emperor has established chu, and the han princes Hengyang Juncheng is the most virtuous, and can be established as a king, Yishu Dang." Xiang Liang made Liang ask For Han Cheng, and immediately thought that he was the king of Han. With Liang as the Situ, he and the King of Han sent more than a thousand people to the west of Han, and several cities were obtained, and Qin Yuan regained them; the exchange was for the rangers Yingchuan.
Zhang Liang persuaded Xiang Liang: "You have established the descendants of the King of Chu, and among the princes of Korea, Hengyang Jun Han Cheng is the most capable, and can be made king to increase his henchmen." Xiang Liang then sent Zhang Liang to find Han Cheng and make him the King of Han. Zhang Liang served as the Situ of Korea, and with King Han led more than a thousand people to the west to attack the territory of former Korea and capture several cities, but the Qin army immediately recaptured it. In this way, the Korean army swam back in the Yingchuan River.
【Analysis】Zhang Liang, as a Korean nobleman, hopes to help Korea restore the country; Xiang Liang, as the actual controller of the Chu state, hopes that other rebel armies can help disperse the Qin army and gain time for development.
[sic] Zhang Handan had already broken the King of Chen, and was marching into the army to attack the King of Wei at Linji. The King of Wei sent Zhou Yi out to rescue Qi and Chu, and the King of Qi and the Chu general Xiang Ita both accompanied the army to save Wei. Zhang Handan attacked at night, and the Qi and Chu armies were killed by the King of Qi and Zhou Under Linji. The king of Wei blamed his people for surrendering; it was agreed that he would burn himself to death. His brother Leopard died in Chu, and King Huai of Chu gave Wei Leopard thousands of people and restored Wei land. Qi Tian Rong took his brother Dan Yu Bing and went east to Dong'a, and Zhang Handan pursued him. When the Qi people heard of Tian Dan's death, the brother of Wang Jian of Qi was falsely crowned king, Tian Jiao was the xiang, and the brother of the horn was the general, so as to distance the princes.
Zhang Handan had already defeated Chen Sheng, that is, he marched into Linji to attack the King of Wei. The King of Wei sent Zhou Out of Linji City to ask for help from Qi and Chu. Both the Qi general Tian Dan and the Chu general Xiang Ta led an army with Zhou to rescue the State of Wei. Zhang Handan then ordered his soldiers to carry out a surprise attack at night, defeating the qi and Chu armies under Linji City, killing the King of Qi and Zhou. The King of Wei made a pact to surrender for his people, and after the surrender was confirmed, he set himself on fire and died. Wei Bao's younger brother Wei Bao fled to the Chu state, and King Huai of Chu gave Wei Bao thousands of people and recaptured the territory of the State of Wei. Qi Guotian Rong collected the remnants of his brother Tian Dan and retreated east to Dong'a. Zhang Handan then pursued the army that surrounded Tian Rong. At this time, the Qi people heard that Tian Dan was dead, so they installed the late Qi Wang Tian Jian's younger brother Tian Fei as the King of Qi, Tian Jiao as Xiang Guo, and Tian Jiao's younger brother Tian Jian as a general to oppose the princely states.
【Analysis】Although the Qin army continues to win, the descendants of the Six Kingdoms can still win the support of the local nobles and people and seize the homeland again, the fundamental reason is that the Qin State has lost the hearts of the people. However, there were also contradictions within the rebel army, and the State of Qi embraced Litian as king, triggering an internal struggle for power.
Autumn, July, rain. Wu Xinjun led an army to attack His father, and wen Tian Rong's urgency, he led his troops to break Zhang Handan's army in the east, and Zhang Handan went west. Tian Rong led his troops back to Qi. Wu Xinjun pursued the north alone, causing Xiang Yu and Pei Gong to attack Chengyang and slaughter them. The Chu army in puyang east, resumed the battle with Zhang Handan, and broke it again. Zhang Handan Fuzhen, Shou Puyang, Huanshui. Pei Gong and Xiang Yu went and attacked Tao.
[Translation] Autumn, July, heavy rains continue. Wuxin Junxiang Liang led an army to attack Father Kang, and upon hearing of Tian Rong's danger, he led his troops to Dong'a City to defeat Zhang Handan's army. Zhang Handan fled westward. Tian Rong then led his army east back to the State of Qi. Xiang Liang alone led his troops to pursue and defeat the fleeing Qin army, and sent Xiang Yu and Liu Bang to attack Chengyang from another road, slaughtering the whole city. The Chu army was stationed east of Puyang, and again engaged Zhang Handan's army, defeating the Qin army again. Zhang Handan regained his strength, held puyang, and dug ditches to divert water around the city to consolidate itself. Xiang Liang and Liu Bang therefore withdrew their troops and went to attack Dingtao.
[sic] In August, Tian Rong attacked and expelled the Qi king, and the fake died and left Chu. Tian Jianqian rescued Zhao, but did not dare to return because he stayed. Tian Rong was made the King of Qi, and Rong Xiangzhi was honored. Tian Heng is a general, flat and flat. Zhang Handan Bing Yisheng. Xiang Liang made the envoys Qi qi and Zhao Fabing attack Zhang Handan together. Tian Rongyue: "Chu killed Tian Fei, and Zhao killed the horns and the intervals, but sent troops." "Chu and Zhao are not allowed. Tian Rong was furious and finally refused to send troops.
In August, Tian Rong pursued Tian Fei, the King of Qi, and Tian Fei fled to the Chu State. Between these, Tian Ma went to Zhao Guo to ask for help, so he stayed there and did not dare to return to China. Tian Rong then made Tian Dan's son Tian the King of Qi, Tian Rong made himself Qi Xiang, and Tian Heng was made a general to pacify the territory of the State of Qi. At this time, Zhang Handan's strength increased, and Xiang Liang sent emissaries several times to inform the State of Qi and the State of Zhao to send troops to jointly attack Zhang Handan. Tian Rong said, "If the Chu state kills Tian Fei and Zhao Guo kills Tian Jiao and Tian Jian, I will send troops." Chu and Zhao did not agree, so Tian Rong was furious and refused to send troops.
【Analysis】 In July, Xiang Liang had just led an army to save Tian Rong, and Xiang Liang was not in the Chu State. Just as the Chu Huai king Wei Leopard recaptured the Wei territory, it was the Chu Huai king who took tian fei instead of Xiang Liang. Because the descendants of the Six Kingdoms were actually supported by the rebel army and did not have enough strength themselves, the descendants of the six royal families actually reached a tacit understanding of mutual support at the end of the Qin Dynasty to deter the rebel generals who had real power. The monarchs of Chu and Zhao may also face a similar situation in Tian Fei and are unlikely to accede to Tian Rong's request.
Is Tian Rong's refusal to send troops right? The Qin army was the common enemy of the rebel army, and it was not in line with the country's righteousness to refuse to send troops; Xiang Liang had just saved himself, and it was ungrateful not to help. Everything in the world has a cause and effect, and the cause planted this time finally made Tian Rong not crowned king, bringing tian Rong the disaster of killing himself.