Good evening, now that the jujube tree has entered the vegetative growth period, the management of jujube trees in this period is very important, including the spraying of foliar fertilizer of jujube trees, the prevention and control of diseases, and a series of management measures for fruit trees in the later stage. Jujube tree color change period is generally in the middle and late August to the beginning of September, the winter jujube color change period is slightly later, the golden jujube has now entered the white ripening period, and the winter jujube is now the secondary puffing fruit period, so its color change period is about 20 days late, we will talk about the winter jujube and the golden jujube separately.
Jujube tree color change period is an important period, because the early management is only the initial management, the management of the color transition period is particularly important, because the hormones can not be used, many places in the use of gibberellin in the expansion of the fruit, it is recommended that you stop the use of gibberellin, it is recommended that you can use some modifiers such as brassinoin, gibberellin after the quality will decline, the later stage will cause the wilting of small dates, sugar is not enough. In addition, it is necessary to control the use of nitrogen fertilizer and apply more trace elements such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and boron.
Jujube trees enter the color change period, which is also the most critical period for vegetative growth. As the saying goes, waterlogged pear dry dates, that is to say, less watering for dates is okay, but also to ensure that there is a certain amount of water, choose to water less in the evening or early in the morning, the water can be added to some phosphorus and high potassium water-soluble fertilizer, to irrigate the roots, promote the absorption of crops. Foliar spraying, potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus brassica or high potassium foliar fertilizer can be used.
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In addition, the jujube tree color transition period needs to pay attention to the problems:
● Jujube trees into the color transition period, to ensure adequate moisture, and adequate supply of nutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron and calcium supplements, can be irrigated roots or foliar spraying, now foliar spraying is the most obvious effect, because spraying on the leaves will slowly absorb, 3 to 5 days later will be converted into nutrients conducive to absorption and utilization, while adding amine fresh esters, conducive to color change
●Control of hormone use
● Timely cultivation and weeding, control the use of herbicides, use more will make the soil compacted, to ensure ventilation and light transmission. In the main winter jujube producing areas in northern China, there is little rainfall at this stage from the color change period to the mature harvesting stage, and the soil of the jujube garden is in a state of lack of moisture in most years.
Especially after the rains in late summer and early autumn, the soil compaction is serious, not only the moisture and mineral nutrients of the soil are difficult to meet the requirements of the rapid growth and development of winter dates, but also the ventilation of the soil is particularly poor. Therefore, timely cultivation of the jujube garden to loosen the soil, remove weeds, keep the jujube garden soil in good aeration condition, and enhance the ability of the root system to absorb water and mineral elements is one of the effective ways to improve the yield and quality of the later winter jujube.
●Remove the diseased fruit in time and organize secondary reproduction
●Ensure ventilation and light transmission, which is conducive to photosynthesis and color change
The main diseases and pests during the transcolorization period are:
Diseases: anthrax, rust, fruit shrinkage, rot disease,
Insect pests: peach small heartworm, date mealybug, red spider,
Physiological diseases: physiological iron deficiency, potassium deficiency.
Exterminating disease: Jujube madness.
Date anthrax
The pathogenic bacteria are subphylum Hemiknospermum, anthrax, and collagen anthrax. The pathogen overwinters as mycelium on residual jujube hangings, jujube heads, jujube fruits and diseased berries. The following year, the conidia spread through dew and wind and rain, and began to spread in late June, and the infested winter jujube tree began to develop disease in mid-July, and the disease was at its peak from late July to mid-August. Anthrax begins as a dark spot, which gradually expands outwards, forming a large dark spot, accompanied by a certain degree of depression, which seriously affects the quality of the jujube fruit and loses the value of the commercial fruit.
Date tree rust
Jujube rust belongs to the basidiomycete subphylum jujube layer rust fungus, life history is summer spores and winter spores, mainly harmful to leaves, serious harm to jujube fruit, summer spores are round or oval, yellowish, wind and rain spread, late June to early July infection, mid-to-late August onset. Generally on the leaves are infected, conventional fungicides are more slow to see the effect, once the jujube tree is infected with rust, it generally takes 2 to 3 times of medication to control it. There is a pile of summer spores on the back of the leaf in the picture, and as soon as it breaks, it will start to develop.
Jujube fruit shrinkage disease
Jujube fruit shrinkage disease belongs to the bacterial Euclidean genus, the disease mainly depends on the fruit surface or after the cracking of the fruit infection, after the fruit is damaged, the waist appears yellowish water-stained spots, prevention and control methods: in early August began to use 20% thiazolocin or 20% mesophyticin spray, every 10-15 days once.
Jujube rotunda disease
Jujube rotunda disease belongs to ascomycetes, the pathogen in the mycelium in the conidia or ascomycete shell overwintering, the second year by wind and rain, the incubation period is uncertain, the rainy season is early or high temperature and high humidity hazards are serious.
Symptoms of harm; water-stained round dots on the fruit surface gradually expand, the spots are round, concentric circles appear, rot, and the diseased fruit cannot be eaten.
Peach small heartworm
Peach small heartworm, also known as date maggots, drill heartworms, etc., belongs to the Lepidoptera, borer moth family, 1-3 generations throughout the year, the second generation is mainly, the first generation is in late June, the second generation is in mid-July, the third generation is in mid-late August to early September, and the larvae in the soil in the soil for about 15 days in the fruit.
Prevention and control measures:
1. Use mulch film covering to inhibit the emergence of larvae. In early June, mulch film is covered on the ground within 100 cm of the trunk to inhibit larval hatching, pupae and feathering.
2. Pick up fallen fruit or fruitless larvae. Pick up the fallen dates, if in time, you can eliminate more than 80% of the larvae in the fruit. Fruitless larvae (most at the base of the trunk) can also be picked up under the jujube tree and destroyed. Especially after the rain, there are more fruitless larvae, which must be picked up in time to eliminate them.
3. Spray medicine on trees to control borers. Tree spraying is carried out during the incubation period of adult feathering and egg laying (usually from mid-July to early August), and can spray peach spirit 1 000 to 1500 times liquid or 25% urea 3 suspension 1 500 times liquid to kill adult worms and eggs and borer larvae.
4. Turn over the tree tray in late autumn and early winter. In the process of using the late autumn larvae to start preparing for wintering as a cocoon, shovel the soil layer of the root part of the jujube tree, about 10 cm deep, and shovel the cocoon of the jujube tree rhizome together, so that the cocoon will be exposed to the air and will die due to the cool weather.
Jujube trees are physiologically iron deficient and potassium deficient
Jujube trees often have iron deficiency and potassium deficiency during the growing season
Iron deficiency leaves yellow, green veins,
Potassium deficiency leaf tips dry, fruit wilting,
Excessive alkaline soil or calcium carbonate leads to iron deficiency, and bio-bacterial fertilizer or medium and trace element fertilizer is increased.
Exterminating disease - jujube madness
Jujube madness is one of the serious diseases in China's jujube area, once the disease occurs, the second year rarely occurs in 3 to 4 years to die of the whole plant, the jujube areas of the country generally occur, in recent years the southern part of our country has occurred more seriously, in recent years have broken out into disasters, and increasingly serious fruit, diseased trees are also called "bull tree" Jujube madness symptoms: jujube madness disease is also called clumps disease, jujube trees can be infected on the ground, performance is: the flower stalk lengthened to 3 to 6 times the normal flower, grafting can choose a strong disease-resistant mother, cultivate disease-free seedlings, graft, strengthen management, Increase the application of alkaline fertilizer or streptomycin biological fertilizer,
Rational formulation of medication
Formula one: with 43% pentrazole 4000 times plus 45% imidamine plus 2000 times 20% zinc thiazole 2000 times plus 5% lice mite urea 1500 times;
Formula 2: 40% phenylethoconazole 4000 times plus 70% aluminum triacephosphonate 1000 times plus 20% mesobixin 2000 times plus 20% urea 1000 times.
Summary: In the planting of jujube trees, there must be scientific management,
Based on water and fertilizer, rational use of drugs,
Reduce the use of pesticides, focus on prevention, and eliminate treatment in a timely manner
Author: Zhao Yong