Yesterday, a peanut planting friend consulted through the Fuda flower network how to control the peanut vole infestation, reflecting that there are no other crops around the peanut field, and the rat infestation is serious during the pod. After being sent out through QQ and WeChat, many enthusiastic friends gave a lot of suggestions, and some friends chatted privately through WeChat, thank you here.
At the same time, the "National Agricultural Technology Extension Center" in January 2016 "Agricultural Area Rat Pest Prevention and Control Technology Program" was issued for everyone's reference.
More specific and practical anti-rat infestation measures, you are also welcome to leave a message behind the article to discuss, improve together!
In 2016, the overall incidence of rat infestation in agricultural areas across the country showed a moderate to heavy incidence trend, and most of northeast China, most of south China, northern North China and parts of Xinjiang showed a recurrence trend, with an estimated area of about 430 million mu and 128 million rural households in the whole year. In order to do a good job in the prevention and control of rat infestation in agricultural areas, ensure the safety of agricultural production and the safety of agricultural ecological environment, this plan is specially formulated.
1. Prevention and control objectives
The prevention and control rate of rat infestation in agricultural areas is more than 60%, the control effect is more than 80%, and the loss of rat infestation damage is controlled below 5%, the density of field rats is controlled below 3%, and the density of farmer rats is controlled below 2%. Fully achieve the goal of "disaster prevention, disease prevention, grain preservation, safety and ecology" in agricultural areas.
II. Prevention and control priorities and strategies
For the key areas of farmland, seize the key period and key technologies, implement a unified rat eradication model, and strengthen the demonstration and promotion of the "five unified" rat extermination technology and the "poison bait station" rat extermination technology and the TBS rat extermination technology. We should do a good job in the prevention and control of rat infestation in the melon and vegetable fields in the southern winter and spring, and the treatment of the habitat of pest rats in the reservoir areas of rivers and lakes, grasslands, and mountainous areas, and focus on ensuring the sowing of rats in spring and the return of rats in autumn to ensure the realization of the annual prevention and control goals.
3. Technical measures for prevention and control
(1) Key targets of prevention and control and the period of prevention and control
Northeast China: Brown rat, haddock hamster, haddock hamster and large hamster are the main dominant rat species, and the spring control period is from late April to mid-May before spring sowing. The autumn control period is from late September to late October.
North China: Brown rat, haddock hamster, Chinese shrew, long-clawed gerbil, Daur weasel as the main dominant rat species, spring control period from early April to early May. The autumn control period is from late September to late October.
Northwest China: Chinese mole rat, brown rat, small house mouse, gray hamster as the main dominant rat species, spring control period is from mid-April to mid-May. The autumn control period is from mid-October to early November.
East China: The main dominant rat species are haddock rats, yellow-breasted rats and yellow-haired rats, and the spring control period is from mid-March to mid-April. The autumn control period is from early October to late October.
Central China: Yellow rat, yellow-breasted rat, brown rat, haddock rat and brown vole as the main dominant rat species, and the spring control period is from early March to mid-April. The autumn control period is from early November to mid-December.
South China: Yellow rat, plate-toothed rat, yellow-breasted rat and brown rat are the main dominant rat species, and the spring control period is from late February to early April. The autumn control period is from mid-November to late December.
Southwest Region: Short-tailed shrew, alpine squirrel, haddock rat, yellow-breasted rat, big-footed rat, etc. are the main dominant rat species, and the spring control period is from late March to late April. The autumn control period is from mid-October to mid-November.
(2) Main technical measures
Mouse monitoring techniques
First, the rat clamping method is monitored: the linear cloth clamping method is adopted according to 5×0 meters (or 10×20 meters) of the cloth, each time the cloth is 100-150 clamps; the farmhouse is sandwiched 2 per household, each survey is 50 households, and each cloth is 100 clamps; raw peanut rice or sunflower seeds are used as bait, and the capture rate is calculated by late release and morning harvest.
The second is TBS monitoring: select a field block with an area of 300-500 mu, and set up 4 linear TBS fences along the edge of the field at a distance of 600 meters. Each fence adopts a metal mesh fence with a length of 60 meters and aperture of ≤ 1 cm, which is fixed in a straight line at the edge of the field (field) according to the characteristics of the selected plot. The above-ground part of the fence is 45 cm high, the depth buried in the ground is 15 cm, and a hole of about 5 cm in length and width is cut along the edge of the fence every 5 meters, and each hole is provided with a rat trap (or continuous rat cage) (a total of 12). The rat trap or (continuous rat trap) opening is set to 2 types, one is all facing the outside of the block, and the other is spaced in reverse. Set up rat traps (or continuous mouse cages) for numbering. Every morning, we patrol the fence and the rat trap (or continuous rat trap) and remove the catcher rats from the bucket in time. Record the number of the cage/barrel where the captured rats are located, as well as the indicators of rat species, male and female, weight, body length, number of female embryos and decline of male testicles, etc., and freeze in a freezer at -20 °C if conditions permit, leaving specimens for preparation. TBS monitoring equipment is placed from 10 days before sowing to 1 month after harvest. The total number of rat catches is counted every month.
2. Comprehensive and unified rat extermination technology
For plots and farmhouses with a farmland capture rate of 3% and a peasant household capture rate of 2%, unified rat extermination is carried out in accordance with the principle of "unified organization and leadership, unified fund-raising, unified publicity and training, unified supply of rat poison, and unified distribution of poison bait", and when the poison bait is released, it is necessary to achieve "the county does not leak the township, the township does not leak the village, the village does not leak the community, the community does not leak the household, and the household does not leak the field".
Ground rats can use chemical rodenticide to prepare poisonous bait to kill, choose the first generation (sodium salt of the enemy rat) and the second generation (bromodiron, bromo rat) anticoagulant, select fresh wheat, rice (rice), corn as the base bait, and combine it with poisonous bait, and use disposable saturated bait to put 100-200 grams per mu according to the density range of the rat; the biological rodenticide triptolide poison bait can also be used to put 100-200 grams per mu For areas with high rat density, the sterile agent curcumin alcohol can be used in conjunction with chemical rodenticide, and disposable saturated bait is used per mu, and 100 grams of chemical rodenticide bait and 100 grams of sterile agent bait are released at the same time, so as to reduce the density of rats before sowing with chemical rodenticide, reduce the impact on crop sowing and emergence, control rat breeding through sterile agents, reduce the birth rate, and achieve the purpose of sustainable control.
3. Rat extermination technology at bait stations
Choose local convenient bamboo, PVC pipes, tiles, cola bottles and other materials to make a poison bait station, focus on the edge of the field or ditch, place one per acre, and put 30-50 grams of poison bait in the bait station; 2 per farmhouse, focusing on the back eaves and warehouse or livestock pen, placed for 2-3 months.
4. TBS rodent extermination technology
TBS is also known as fence + mousetrap rat extermination technology, select farmland with high rat density, set up a linear TBS (L-TBS) with a length of 60m along the edge of the field (or field) before spring sowing or planting: a metal mesh fence with a pore diameter of ≤ 1cm, fixed in a straight line, the above ground part of the fence is 45cm high, the depth of burial in the ground is 15cm, every 5m set up a mousetrap (continuous rat trap or rat trap bucket) (a total of 12), close to the fence and the rattrap flat ground cut a hole of about 5 cm in length and width. Continuous rat traps or rat traps open in the opposite direction. It is also possible to form a rectangular TBS (R-TBS) 20×10-meter fence in the field, and set up 12 barrel-shaped mousetraps around the perimeter to catch and kill rats using the behavior habits of rats. Each area is about 300 acres of fields, and 4 can be set. The fence is set for the growing period of the entire crop.
4. Safeguard Measures
(1) Establish organizational structures
The prevention and control of rat infestation in agricultural areas is a routine work of a purely public welfare nature, and all localities should attach great importance to the establishment of relevant organizational structures and do a good job in organizing and launching work. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of rat situations, grasp the dynamics of the occurrence of pest rats, formulate prevention and control plans, and timely mobilize and mobilize the masses to carry out rat eradication work.
(2) Truly implement the territorial responsibility system
The prevention and control of rat infestation in agricultural areas is a major event related to agricultural harvest and farmers' health. Governments at all levels should implement the localization management of rat pest prevention and control in accordance with the requirements of the state-run documents, and governments and industry departments at all levels must earnestly perform their duties and carry out the prevention and control of rat infestation in agricultural areas in accordance with the principle of "government organizations and extensive participation of farmers".
(3) Strengthen scientific and safe guidance on rodent eradication
Rat extermination work is a key measure to ensure agricultural production and the health of the peasant masses, it is necessary to strengthen the guidance of scientific and safe rat extermination technology, carry out propaganda and training, establish a unified rat extermination demonstration area, display scientific rat extermination technology, prevent the use of highly toxic acute rodenticides such as poisonous rats in rat extermination, and reduce the occurrence of safety accidents such as human and animal poisoning or death caused by the process of rat extermination.
Annex 2
List of rat monitoring counties in 2016 in ministerial agricultural areas
province
quantity
Monitoring counties
Beijing
2
Shunyi District, Daxing District
Hubei
5
Tianmen City, Tongcheng County, Caidian District, Laohekou City, Jingzhou City
Tianjin
Wuqing District, Jinghai County
Hunan
Chenxi County, Changning City, Heshan District, Shaoyang County, Datong Lake District
Hebei
Kangbao County, Fengning County, Lulong County, Yutian County, Raoyang County
Guangdong
Yangchun City, Leizhou City, Nanxiong City, Xinhui District, Mei County
Shanxi
4
Liulin County, Yaodu District, Wuxiang County, Xinfu District
Guangxi
Lingshan County, Liujiang County, Lingchuan County, Beiliu City, Bama County
Inner Mongolia
Arong Banner, Zhenglan Banner, Qingshuihe County, Shangdu County, Dengkou County
Hainan
Sanya City, Danzhou City, Lingao County, Chengmai County, Qiongshan District
Liaoning
Shenbei New District, Pulandian City, Fengcheng City, Linghai City, Tieling County
Chongqing
Fengdu County, Yunyang County, Fengjie County, Jiangjin District
Jilin
6
Liuhe County, Gongzhuling City, Shuangyang District, Jiaohe City, Changling County, Dunhua City
Sichuan
Pengshan County, Zizhong County, Tongjiang County, Jiang'an County, Zitong County
Heilongjiang
Wuchang City, Shuangcheng City, Anda City, Dumeng County, Fujin City, Luobei County
Guizhou
Yuqing County, Xifeng County, Sandu County, Dafang County, Guanling County
Shanghai
Pudong New Area, Baoshan District
Yunnan
Dali Prefecture, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Lijiang City, Yuxi City, Zhaotong City
Jiangsu
Jiangning District, Pizhou City, Rudong County, Taixing City
Tibet
Linzhou County, Gongga County
chekiang
Zhuji City, Wenling City, Tonglu County, Tongxiang City
Shaanxi
Dali County, Hanbin District, Zhouzhi County, Dingbian County
Anhui
Huoqiu County, Lixin County, Xiao County, Ningguo City, Guichi District
Gansu
Tongwei County, Jingning County, Jingyuan County, Minle County
Fujian
Jianyang City, Shunchang County, Fuqing City, Xianyou County, Yunxiao County
Qinghai
Mutual Aid County of Haidong City, Wulan County of Haixi Prefecture, Menyuan County of Haibei Prefecture, and Gonghe County of Hainan Prefecture
Jiangxi
Xingzi County, Guixi City, Tonggu County, Taihe County, Xinfeng County
Ningxia
Tongxin County, Xiji County, Pengyang County, Huinong District
Shandong
Wenden District, Cao County, Lijin County, Fei County, Boxing County
Xinjiang
Gaochang District, Yining City, Shufu County, Kuqa County, Bortala Prefecture of Turpan City
Henan
Yucheng District, Minquan County, Mengjin County, Neixiang County
Xinjiang Corps
181st Regiment of the 10th Division, 121st Regiment of the 8th Division
2016 Peanut High Yield Planting Management Program