Ground cover flowers refer to a plant with tight and low bushes to cover the ground, most of these ground cover plants grow low, expand strongly, control heights of 30 to 50 cm or slightly higher, have ground use value or ornamental value. They are more flexible than lawn applications and can replace lawn growth in poor soil, where shade is thick and loess is exposed.
At the same time, the ground cover has a wide variety of flowers that can be widely selected, including not only perennial low-rise herbaceous plants, but also some low-pitched, creeping shrubs and vines with strong adaptability. They can not only increase the plant level and enrich the garden scenery, but also have strong adaptability and stress resistance, and can be extensively managed. It can prevent soil erosion, reduce or inhibit the growth of weeds, and also has ecological effects such as purifying the air, reducing the temperature, and reducing ground radiation.
In the combination of trees, shrubs and herbaceous multi-layered plants, the seasonal rich plant layer changes can form attractive combinations. The ecological benefits of plant communities of trees, shrubs and herbaceous structures are better than those of trees, shrubs and single layers of trees.
Planted in a certain proportion of ground cover plants can form a stable, beautiful and clean plant community. In particular, many ground cover plants have bright flowers and fruits, colorful leaves, which can create a multi-level, multi-color, multi-season, multi-texture landscape, enrich the landscape configuration of garden plants, and significantly improve the greening effect.
Selection criteria and applied classification of ground cover plants
Ground cover plants are perennial low-rise plants with strong adaptability, including creeping shrubs and vines, with the functions of leaf or flower viewing, greening and beautification, and their selection criteria are as follows:
(1) Plants are low: often divided into 30cm, 50cm, 70cm or so, generally not more than 100cm.
(2) Long green leaf period: the plant can cover the ground and has a certain protective effect.
(3) Strong growth potential: easy to reproduce, strong expansion.
(4) Strong adaptability: drought resistance, disease and pest resistance, barrenness resistance, easy to extensive management.
There are many kinds of classifications according to different angles of garden land, and we classify them from the perspective of common landscape applications here for easy design reference.
1. Classified according to ornamental characteristics
(1) The flower viewing area is dominated by one or two annual flowers, root and bulb flowers. Often choose the long flowering period, flowering luxuriant, strong expansion, fast reproduction, simple cultivation, extensive management of the species. Such as February blue, black heart chrysanthemum, goldenrod chrysanthemum, purple flower diding, flower rhombus grass, stone garlic, tulips, sulfur chrysanthemum and other places of cover plants.
(2) The foliage is covered with special leaf color and leaf posture, which can be appreciated by people, and plants with rich leaf color and long foliage viewing period are often selected. Such as bee bucket vegetables, octagonal gold plate, Filipino white bamboo, red shin scatter, ferns, jade belt grass, Phnom Penh broad-leaved mountain wheat winter, purple leaf sorrel grass, Big Wu wind grass, pod fruit fern and other plants.
(3) Evergreen land cover plants that are evergreen in all seasons are called evergreen cover plants. This type of plant has a dormant period of the ming dynasty, and generally replaces the leaves in the spring. Evergreen coniferous ground cover plants and a small number of evergreen broad-leaved plants with strong cold resistance are often used in cold areas of the north, such as paved cypress, wheat winter, rich grass, ivy and so on. Most of the southern regions can be used in a lot of evergreen green areas, such as sprinkled with golden corals along the steps, vine periwinkles and so on.
(4) Deciduous ground refers to the ground cover plants that partially wither and fallen leaves in the autumn and winter, and can sprout and grow in the next year. Such as grass, jade hairpin, falling bride, iris, etc., suitable for building a large area of landscape. Most of the northern regions often use this type of plant, and its variety is rich, including plants that look at leaves, flowers, and fruits.
2. Classification according to the planting environment
(1) Photophilic ground cover plants This type of plant is suitable for planting in plots with sufficient light and open grounds. It grows well in full light, but the stem is thin, the nodes are elongated, and the flowers are few. Such as goldenrod chrysanthemum, a branch of yellow flowers, changxia caryophyllus, black heart chrysanthemum and so on.
(2) Semi-shade-tolerant ground cover plants This type of plant is suitable for planting at the edge of the forest, under the tree altar, and in the sparse bushes, which can withstand a certain light intensity and have different degrees of shade tolerance. Such as stone garlic, February orchid, lianqian grass, ivy phoenix and so on.
(3) Understory ground cover Plants Such plants are suitable for planting in the lower layer of trees and shrubs with high depression and closure, and grow poorly under full light. Such as jade hairpin, tiger ear grass, white mustard, snakeberry and so on.
(4) Tolerant plants This type of plant is suitable for planting in a well-drained, relatively dry environment or sloped ground. Most of them are plant species with developed roots, strong stress resistance and good light. Such as sedum, wild chrysanthemum, small crown flower, white three-leaf root Fluke and so on.
(5) Wetland-tolerant plants Such plants are suitable for planting in humid environments, streams, swamps, and wetlands; such as brook sun, yellow calamus, houttuynia cordata, shoot dry, etc.
(6) Saline-tolerant ground cover plants Such plants can grow normally in barren or mildly saline land. Such as iris, multi-flowered bone grass and so on
Monthly calendar of landcover plant conservation and management work
January
(1) In January, The eastern region of China was in the lowest temperature period of the year, and most of the roots were in a dormant or semi-dormant state. Semi-evergreen species such as chrysanthemum brains with a long green leaf stage are cut off in early January after the seeds are matured and harvested in December.
(2) For land ready to be planted, use this time to apply organic fertilizers, such as river mud, on the basis of autumn ploughing.
(3) Woody dwarf shrub ground can be fertilized in winter.
(4) In the case of excessive dryness in January, the land that blooms in spring and germinates in early spring is easily frozen, and it should be properly watered at noon on sunny days.
(5) Combined with winter leisure, soil addition or ditching can be carried out on the ground cover planting land with poor drainage.
February
(1) If the roots and bulbs need to be renewed and rehabilitated, the plants or underground parts can be dug up and divided from February to early March, and the base fertilizer is applied to the planting ground and replanted. Excess can be expanded for planting.
(2) Fertilize the ground cover such as February blue, spotted plum, daffodil, etc. that bloom in early spring.
(3) If spring comes early, pay attention to watering to promote the ground to be sprouted.
(4) There are many tourists in public green space before and after the Spring Festival, and it is necessary to do a good job in the protection and management of the land cover to reduce losses.
March
(1) Thinning, transplanting, expanding planting and filling of missing plants.
(2) March is the time when the earth is rejuvenated and the ground is revived, so it is necessary to check the spring recovery of the ground cover in time and water it appropriately. Control the entry of tourists. In particular, the spring flower land is forbidden to be stepped on by tourists.
(3) As the temperature rises, some pests begin to move, such as aphids, ground tigers, etc., and attention should be paid to prevention and control.
(4) The foliage is gradually germinated or restored to growth, and spring fertilizer can be applied to promote its growth, and the formation and development of buds are promoted for the ground cover that blooms in April and May.
(5) Bulbs, such as allium orchid, leek, iron flattener, etc., can be planted separately at the beginning of the month. The missing plants of the ground cover should be replanted in time in the middle and late parts of the year to facilitate the consistency of plant growth.
(6) Grass and other grasses are cultivated in the holes after leaf germination, and the seedlings are fertilized and promoted.
(7) Chrysanthemum brains and other places are sown before and after the sting.
April
(1) Before and after the Qingming Dynasty, the peak of the ground cover plants returning to green, we must pay attention to prevent tourists from entering and trampling.
(2) Cultivate and weed the ground cover planting field to make the soil loose, accept more spring rainwater, and improve soil temperature and air permeability.
(3) Check the defectiveness of the plant, and appropriately replant or dilute.
(4) Pansy and daisies planted in green areas are subject to thin fertilization to extend the flowering period.
(5) Spring sowing of purple jasmine and others can be carried out in April.
(6) The soil is fertile and loose for the largest growing polygonal grass and hypericum multi-leaf, so thin fertilizer is applied once or twice a month during the growing season from April onwards.
(7) Since this month, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and alum fertilizer water have been applied alternately every 2 weeks to prevent yellowing and change the pH value of the soil. All the way to August.
May
(1) In the spring, the flowering ground is sorted out by the plant after flowering, and the wilted flower peduncle should be cut off and fertilized to prolong the green leaf period.
(2) Ground cover plants that bloom in autumn should be watered and fertilized to make the buds full and open.
(3) Chrysanthemum brain cuttings can begin, including midsummer and August, all growing seasons can be carried out, and the growth vitality is very high.
(4) In mid-May, East China enters the rainy season. Diseases and insect pests are common, and the control of rat women in ivy, aphids in chrysanthemum brains, red spiders, and military insects in rhododendrons should be strengthened.
(5) For fast-growing polymeric grasses, they can be cut once every 1 to 2 months from this month to maintain the appropriate height of the plant, and the cut part can also be used as feed.
(6) Spring-flowered ground cover plant seeds begin to mature and should be harvested in time, such as February blue. After the seeds are harvested, some of the aboveground plants are pulled out.
(7) May is the peak of spring garden visits, and it is necessary to prevent damage to the plants that are artificially ground-bound.
June
(1) Pay attention to ground drainage during the rainy season.
(2) Pay attention to the occurrence of diseases, you can spray the same amount or 200 times Bordeaux liquid once every 10 to 15 days.
(3) Herbaceous vines such as Lianqian grass can be transplanted in June and lush after one month.
(4) Native spring flowers such as rhododendrons are subject to "post-flower fertilization" to prepare for the buds of next year.
(5) In May, aphids and red spiders are seriously harmed, and prevention and control should be strengthened.
(6) Continue to collect spring flower seeds, remove flowers, and maintain the ornamental effect of the ground cover community.
(7) A small amount of flower buds can be picked for consumption without affecting the ornamentation.
(8) For plants with higher ground cover species such as chrysanthemum brain, in order to control the height, they can be pruned regularly once a month from this month.
July
(1) Medium tillage, weeding, fertilization. For the leaf cover of the vines with dense branches such as ivy and lianqian grass, the ammonium sulfate solution can be applied to promote timely growth.
(2) According to the weather conditions, it is necessary to regularly and properly water, or spray under the forest to improve the air humidity, especially the stone rock rhododendron, eight immortals, etc. spray twice a day on a sunny day. Reduces leaf wilting.
(3) In hot weather, apply as little thick fertilizer as possible, combined with watering and thin fertilizer.
(4) The first seeds of leek are ripe and harvested, and they can also be allowed to germinate naturally. The buds continue to be picked.
(5) Thinning of branches and thinning of thick shrubs such as hypericum multi-leaf hypericum and pruning of useless branches inside to improve ventilation and light transmission and reduce the yellowing of internal branches.
(6) Continue to control aphids, red spiders and plant diseases.
August
(1) Strengthen the management of soil and air humidity, watering and spraying frequently.
(2) August in East China is the season of concentrated rain and monsoon, and it is necessary to prevent soil water accumulation after heavy rain.
(3) Autumn sowing of two years of raw land can be carried out.
(4) Clean up the flowers and flowers for summer flowers and collect seeds.
(5) Soil improvement of ground cover planting areas after autumn.
September
(1) Do a good job in the maintenance of autumn sown land at the seedling stage.
(2) Partial bulbous ground cover.
(3) Fertilize the autumn flower field.
(4) Continue to control aphids and other diseases and insect pests.
(5) Chrysanthemum brain shears for the last time of the year.
(6) Plant arrangements are carried out for peacock grass, beauty cherry blossoms, and other flowers that have a long flowering period, and remove excessively long and tall branches that destroy the overall effect to welcome the National Day.
(7) The seeds of the second stage of leek are matured and harvested.
October
(1) After the frost falls, the roots such as grass, aggregate grass, iron flatten, jade hairpin, and fern begin to die by the aboveground part, and the dead branches and yellow leaves should be cleaned up.
(2) Grass propagates roots and waters the roots.
(3) After November, most of the ground cover plants begin to enter dormancy or semi-dormancy, and winter fertilizer and autumn flower "post-flower fertilizer" are applied.
(4) Autumn flowers are harvested by plant seeds to clean up dead plant communities.
(5) The aboveground part of purple jasmine gradually withered and eradicated, revealing the Intergranated February Blue Dead Plant to cover the ground.
(6) Cut off the aboveground part of the hydrangea flower.
December
(1) Before the arrival of severe cold, for some evergreen, open-ground wintering but vulnerable to frost damage is done in advance to prevent frost, generally sprinkled on the ground with wood chips, or covered with a layer of rice or proper watering on low dead plants to prevent frost.
(2) Fertilize the root-neck soil with decomposed organic fertilizer on the root-neck soil for the root-and-leaf flowers that have been removed to promote the stout tillers in the following year.
(3) Apply thick fertilizer to the low-density wood local cover plants.
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