<h1>Basic information
</h1>
Chinese name: English Cocker Spaniel
English Cocker Spaniel
Aliases: English Cocker Spanridge, English Cockdaw, English Cocker Long-Haired Hound
Birthplace: United Kingdom
IQ: 18th
Body type: Small dog
Price: 1200-4000 yuan
Shoulder height: 38-41 cm
Weight: 13-15 kg
Long hair: Long hair
Function: Companion dog, hunting dog
<h1>Historical origins</h1>
The Coca family is one of the oldest land hounds. As early as 1386, there was a reference to "Spanyell", which was divided into two categories: landhounds and waterhounds. Depending on their size, cocasines and small or toy hounds are divided among landhounds. By the 19th century, the development path of the "Coca" began to diverge: first, the field dog or coca-divided Thessachus Hound, the Field Hound and the Cocker Spaniel, whose coat color was usually black, was still to hunt; second, by Malberau (the Hound was bred into a round-headed short-nosed English toy hound with an Oriental pedigree, which was already an authentic pet dog. This second division is entirely due to use.
The English Cocker Spaniel is bred from dogs of different sizes, types, coat colors and hunting abilities. Before the 17th century, cocker spaniels, regardless of height, length, fat, thin and running speed, were collectively known as Spanish hounds. Later, hunters gradually discovered their differences, the larger ones could hunt the larger animals, and the smaller ones could also hunt the sandpipers. As a result, various names appeared: Springer, also known as the Flying Hound, Coca (Sandpiper). It was not until 1892 that the English Cocker Spaniel and Springer were recognized as two separate breeds by the British Kennel Club (KC).
<h1>Morphological characteristics</h1>
External patterns
The English Cocker Spaniel is an active and joyful hound with a good standing posture and compact structure. Energetic and with a powerful and unrestrained gait, it can both search the ground effortlessly and burrow into dense bushes to startle and retrieve prey.
Size: Male dogs are 40.6-43.0 cm tall, female dogs are 38.1-40.6 cm tall. Those who deviate from this standard do not meet the standard. The ideal weight is 12.70-15.42 kg for male dogs and 11.79-14.52 kg for female dogs. Structure and bones should be considered more important than body weight.
Proportions: Compact and short waist, body height slightly greater than the distance from the upper edge of the shoulder blade to the caudal root.
Bones: The English Coca is a sturdy dog with well-developed bones without appearing stout and rough.
Gait: The English Cocker Spaniel is capable of hunting on land with dense vegetation. Its gait is thus characterized by great thrust and strength outweighs speed. It searches effortlessly, extending forward and backward at its joint angle. It holds its head high in the competition field and maintains the same dorsal line during movement and standing inspections. It comes and goes in a straight line, not skewed, not rocking, and the width between the front and back legs is suitable for its physique and gait.
Personality: The English Cocker Spaniel is happy and enthusiastic, with a stable personality, neither dull nor overly active, but a willing working dog and a loyal and cute companion dog.
Part description
Head: Robust appearance without roughness, soft silhouette without sharp angles. Overall, the combination of the various parts produces a unique expression of this variety. The expression is gentle, noble, alert and intelligent.
Eyes: The expression required by the eye pair is the most basic. The eyes are equal in size, plump and slightly oval, the eye distance is wide, the Achilleshobia is tight, the transient membrane is not obvious, may contain pigment or no pigment, the eyes are dark brown, but the liver color and liver variegated individual eyes are allowed to be light brown, but the darker the light brown, the better.
Ears: low, close to the head, large ear shell, extending to the nose, long, filamentous, straight or slightly corrugated.
Cranial: When viewed laterally and anteriorly, arched and slightly flat, the lateral view, the eyebrow is not significantly higher than the occipital part, the upper view, the sides of the skull are roughly parallel to the sides of the kiss. The frontal nasal order is clear and modest, with a slight groove.
Kiss: The kiss is equally long as the skull, the upper lip is thick and plump, much narrower than the skull, consistent with the position of the two eyes, and clearly chiseled under the eyes. The jaw is strong and can engage prey. The nostrils are wide to accommodate developed olfactory abilities; black, except for liver-colored and liver-variegation individuals are brown, and red and red variegated individuals may be brown, but preferably black, square, but not sagging or showing pronounced upper lip drooping.
Occlusion: Scissor bite. Pincer bites are not welcome. Both the upper super-bite (i.e., "earth-wrapped") or the lower-super-bite ("heaven-covered") will be considered defective.
Neck: graceful and muscular, arched towards the head and cleanly blended with the shoulders, no sagging skin under the neck; moderate length commensurate with the length and height of the dog.
Backline: The neck dorsal line blends into the shoulder and backline to form a smooth curve. The dorsal line is slightly inclined towards the soft, rounded hips without a slump or hunchback.
Torso: Strong and compact, giving a strong feel without a sense of heaviness. The chest is wide and deep, but does not interfere with the movement of the front legs, nor is it narrow enough to make the front legs narrow or tight. The forebreast is well developed, and the posterior sternum moderately exceeds the shoulder height. The thoracic cage reaches the elbow and gradually diagonally towards the moderately retracted abdomen. The ribs are well propped open and gradually transition to the midriff, narrowing toward the dorsal ribs. The back is short and strong. The waist is short, wide and slightly arched, too inconspicuous to affect the dorsal line. The buttocks are soft and round, with no tendency to protrude.
Tail: Short tail. The caudal root coordinates with the hips. Ideally, the tail is horizontal, and the tail is constantly swinging when moving. Under conditions of excitement, the tail is slightly elevated but not erect.
Forebody: The Joint angle of the English Cocker Spaniel is moderate. The shoulder blades are obliquely positioned and flattened. The shoulder blades are about the same length as the upper arm. The upper arm is extended backwards, forming a sufficient angle with the shoulder blade so that the dog stands naturally, the elbow is located below the highest point of the shoulder blade. The front legs are straight; the elbows are close to the torso, and the wrist joints are close to straight, and there is a certain flexibility.
Feet: size proportional to the legs, strong, round, cat-shaped feet, toe arched and constricted; foot pads are thick.
Posterior body: the angle is moderate, and the most important thing is to match the front body. The hips are relatively wide and rounded. The thighs are wide, thick and muscular to provide ample thrust. The calves are muscular and about the same length as the thighs. The knees are strong and well bent. Fly the knots to the foot pads short. The back foot is the same as the front foot.
Inductum: The head coat is short and thin, the torso hair is medium-long; straight or slightly corrugated; the texture is filamentous. Allow trimming, cutting off too much rich hair to show the true lines of the dog. Trimming should be as natural as possible. Coat color: Diverse. Variegated or clear patches or variegated, white combined with black, liver color, or different shades of red. Monochromatic plaques are preferably more or less evenly distributed in variegated types, allowing plaque-free. Monochromatic types are black, liver-colored, or different shades of red. Monochromatic individuals with white feet are not welcome; having a small amount of white in the throat is allowed, but this white color should not make the dog a variegated dog in any case. Brown spots, well-defined and brightly colored, may appear with a mixture of black, liver, and combined with those coat colors. Black tinged brown spots and liver tinged brown spots are considered monochromatic.
<h1>Habits of life</h1>
The English Cocker Spaniel is an active and joyful hound with a good standing posture and compact structure. Energetic and with a powerful and unrestrained gait, it can both search the ground effortlessly and burrow into dense bushes to startle and retrieve prey. Its enthusiasm in the wild and its constant swinging tail as it work shows how much it loves hunting. Its head is particularly distinctive. The dog is very well proportioned in standing and moving, and no part is exaggerated.
The English Cocker Spaniel is a cheerful and beloved dog, calm, neither slow nor overly excited, a willing to work, reliable and charming companion. The Cocker Spaniel has a stable, joyful and enthusiastic personality, neither dull nor overactive, it is docile and cute, and extremely loyal to its owner.
<h1>Personality traits</h1>
Good nature, sweet and gentle, high obedience, very emotional, energetic, agile, alert, intelligent, optimistic.
<h1>Identify the pick</h1>
First, first-time breeders, it is best to refer to some information about the introduction of this kind of dog before purchasing, and have an understanding of the shape and temperament of this dog, so as to have a standard when selecting.
Second, the English Cocker Spaniel has a relatively wide face, a flat forehead, an obvious frontal segment, a large and wide nose, large and bright eyes, a large distance between the two eyes, and a dark color.
Third, the root part is very low, the ear miscellaneous is long and large, hanging on both sides of the cheek, and there are medium-length ornaments on it.
In addition to the shorter coats on the head, face and back, others such as ears, neck, limbs and feet, and abdomen have longer ornamental hairs, and slightly wavy downwards.
Fifth, the chest is deep and broad, the body including the back is strong and strong, the pace is brisk when walking, the steps are very large, and the running is extremely fast. You can't buy for those who are weak, slow to act, and unresponsive.
Sixth, the coat is dense and soft, smooth as silk, with wavy slight curvature, is one of the important characteristics of this dog. When purchasing, it is necessary to distinguish the hair, the hair is coarse and hard and not soft, which does not meet the standards of this variety and cannot be selected.
Seventh, this dog is a medium-sized dog, height and weight can not be too different from the standard, otherwise it may not be purebred. Puppies may not be fully developed, so as long as other aspects meet the criteria, smaller individuals may also be considered for inclusion.
Eighth, this dog is a good temperament, friendly to people, very friendly to strangers, when choosing, you should carefully observe whether the dog has the above qualities, if you are not kind to people or do not want to interact with people, do not want to answer, no sense of intimacy, it is not appropriate to buy.
Nine, the coat color of the dog breed, generally black, brown, golden yellow more, there are also variegated and markings, in the purchase do not have to be too careful.
Whether it is the purchase of english cocker spaniels or other dogs, when going through the purchase procedures, you should not forget to ask the seller for the pedigree certificate, technical information, and transfer certificate of the breed of dog, so as to prevent disputes afterwards.
<h1>Conservation common sense</h1>
The feeding method of cocker spaniel is similar to that of ordinary dog breeds, and it should be fed an appropriate amount of dog food and a small amount of low-sugar biscuits every day, and then drink water, and it should also be fed an appropriate amount of fresh meat every day to ensure balanced nutrition. Cocker Spaniels are lively and active, and should be ensured to do proper exercise, allowing it to be outdoors twice a day. It should be noted that it should be fed regularly and quantitatively every day, and cannot be allowed to be gluttonous to prevent overweight and affect the beauty of the cocaine.
Recommended daily nutritional ratio for adult dogs: lean meat (generally recommended beef, pork or chicken) 291 grams; cereal (generally recommended rice, steamed buns) 442 grams; vegetables (generally recommended green leafy vegetables and carrots, etc.) 150 grams; vitamin and mineral additives (market dog-specific nutritional additives) 56 grams; fed once a day.
<h1>Beauty knowledge</h1>
The coat of the Cocker Spaniel is difficult to manage. In daily care, feeders pay more attention to the legs, abdomen and other areas with long hair.
carding
1. Make the Cocker Spaniel stand on the grooming table with an accurate posture, and slowly comb from the back to the front to the front with a needle brush to smooth the hair mark;
2. Comb the head;
3. Brush the tail at the end.
cleaning
Clean the ears and nails before washing, and shave the soles of the feet (knife head: no. 40) and the hair on the abdomen (tip: no. 10). Due to the large gross volume, coca bathing in water is better than showering results. Here's how to shower:
1. Squeeze out the pet bath liquid with a little dilution with water, and the water temperature control is 35 °-38 °;
2. Gently squeeze the glands with your thumb and index finger to cleanse the glands;
3. When showering, wash the front body first, from front to back. Then apply the head and body with diluted bath liquid, and quietly rub along the head to the back, abdomen and limbs, do not let the bath liquid flow into the eyes;
4. After rubbing, wash the whole body with water and do some hair protection, and then rinse it completely.
Hair
Note: Pregnant dogs are not allowed to use a hair dryer.
1. Wrap your body with a bath towel and move to NTU to dry the water;
2. The remaining lack of water is blown dry with a hair dryer, starting from the head, using a brush on one side, to comb each part bit by bit, and completely blow dry to the root of the hair;
3. After blowing the wind, use a curved comb to comb the hair of the whole body to see if there is no knot or no blowing hair.
Shearing patches
1. The electric shear shaves the hair for the purpose of smoothing the hair standard, from the shoulder blade to the hip bone, according to the difference in body shape can be adjusted. Keep shaving to the anus, shave off all the hairs on the tail. (Head: 7F)
2. Ears, ears shaved to the position parallel to the lips, after determining the position, first smooth the hair and then reverse the hair, the inside of the ear is the same as the outside. Pay attention to the cocaine without retractable ears, and be out of line when culling. The skull, which is raised and coca-card, is removed at the base of the two ears in the position between the occipital bones, and the hair is shorter than the body, and the width is the width of the ear root.
3. Head: Shave off the hair from the root of the ear to the outer corner of the eye, jaw and nose bridge with electric scissors. The forethia is shaved to the upper end of the sternal fossa. If it is a dog with a long tone, it is not difficult to bend into it. The shaved parts of the electric shear should be removed and cleaned. The upper lip is not shaved, in order to raise the cocker anti-square breath.
4. Bottom of the foot, with curly hair than bear dogs.
5. Foot line: The proportion of foot line of the card is not difficult. First, catch all the hairs on the legs by hand, and then pick them up, and the longest hair on the outside and the shortest hair on the inside are cut into a square shape. When there is a lot of hair, first pull up the outer hair, and then repair the hair on the inside.
6. Trimming of body side hair, with tooth clippers to do polishing, is under the shoulder blade to the front elbow, waist with tooth clippers to polish, from the inside into the cut, each time the reaming only cut 1-2 times, the number of times can not be too much, cut to seem to see to get it seems to be invisible as a line. After polishing, there should be no result of a clear body layout, that is, there should be no incomparable contours. Then use the tooth scissors to trim the contiguous parts of the body to avoid the lines after the polishing without electric scissors.
7. Forethia, the carpal bone is taken from the sternum from both sides of the concave place, and the two sides are thinly repaired with tooth clippings to achieve the ability to separate the forelimbs.
8. Waist and abdomen: The waist line of the card is not compared, and it is not necessary to do sharp repair, just simply see the body layout.
9. Head trimming: the top of the head, repaired into a square shape, hair between the eyes, with tooth scissors to thin the hair of the face, the width of the upper lip to take the sides of the head is the same (with tooth scissors to patch up). The hairs above the eyes should not be too forward. The top of the head is repaired to a degree, the sides are flat, and then the corners are fixed and cut to a square shape. To raise its eyes even more, coca's lashes should be cut extra short.
10. Use special spray water to slightly polish the entire hair on the body.
<h1>Domestication methods</h1>
Training for INCA must begin at an early age, usually in about 60 days. At this time, the learning ability of the Cocker Spaniel is relatively strong, and some habits have not been formed, so it is relatively simple to train. In order to let the Cocker Spaniel develop good living habits and working ability, the training of the Cocker Spaniel should mainly start from the following aspects:
(1) In training, whenever you find that the Cocker Spaniel strives to do what you want it to do, it should be praised with kind words and deeds, and sometimes encouraged by feeding some food; and the use of intimidation or stick beating education will only get the opposite result.
(3) When training a cocker spaniel, it cannot be required to obey everything, just as it cannot be asked of such a child. But in the process of breeding, it must be pointed out what is taboo for it. In this way, as the Cocker Spaniel grows older, it learns to obey. If a dog is found to have done something that is not allowed to do so, punish him. It should be noted that the punishment here is not to hit the dog, but to shake the collar on the dog's neck, harshly reprimand or gently pat it. But punishment can only be imposed if it catches on the spot what it is not allowed to do. The punishment after the fact is wrong, otherwise the Cocker Spaniel will understand that everything it does is wrong.
(4) During the training of Cocker Spaniel, it is best for parents to personally raise and manage the dog. When feeding and every contact with the dog, be flexible, speak gently, and behave generously. In addition to daily grooming and cleaning, playing with it, gradually eliminating the Cocker Spaniel's defensive response and inquiry response to itself, familiar with the owner's smell, voice, and action characteristics. When the dog shows a kind and excited response to the owner, the dog can be trained.
(5) The basis of various training is the unconditional obedience of dogs, which is what people often say to control and control their own dogs. The dog's obedience is most obvious in practicing the action of "walking in" or "coming". In any case, including while playing, the dog must return to its owner immediately upon hearing a summons or whistle. This requires training when the dog is young. If, at the beginning of training, the puppy hears a summons or whistle and does not return immediately, the owner should not punish it, and should not immediately tie it or stop training immediately, lest the dog may associate the action of "approaching" with its unpleasant mood; but should reward it more when it returns in time.
In order for the Cocker Spaniel to understand the owner's words and deeds as soon as possible, it must be done until the dog has done what it should do according to the owner's "instructions", it will feel very happy, otherwise it will feel unhappy. In addition, there must be great differences between different passwords, and the same password should use the same intonation. When training dogs, you can issue an exit order to your dog according to the following methods:
Praise (shouted out loud): for example, "really good", "really obedient", etc.;
Warnings (elongated shouting): e.g. "Stand", "Stop", "Quiet";
Incitement (irritatingly): e.g. "forward", "rush", "up";
Requests (lengthened voices and a gentle tone): e.g. "look for", "search";
Commands (short and arbitrary): for example "Fast", "Come over", "Stand Up";
Penalties (short but strong): e.g. "wrong", "punch you", etc.
(6) According to the needs of work and life and the receptivity of the Cocker Spaniel, there are many items for training it. Such as rope guidance, free to follow, sit down, come, take position, stop to practice. There are also throwing items at designated places, entering, grabbing, jumping, crossing obstacles and climbing edges, swooping, tracking and searching, guarding and guard training, and so on. Trainers and dog owners can choose specific training programs according to their needs, hobbies and the characteristics of their dogs. Specific training methods can also be explored in practice.
(7) When training, you must be patient, meticulous and follow scientific laws. From the very beginning, it is necessary to develop the habit of talking to the dog as softly as possible, rather than shouting at the dog frequently. Shouting loudly only makes the dog numb and dull. Dogs must be given enough free time before each training session so that they do not move until formal training. Guard dogs and guard dogs should learn actions that have practical significance; all unnecessary exercises, such as climbing ladders, crawling, drilling fire rings and other fun-seeking actions, do not need to be trained, so as not to add unnecessary burdens to the dog. From the very beginning, it is necessary to prevent the bite of the dog with the dog and the unnecessary barking of the dog.
Dogs learn the fastest when they are willing to learn in the puppy stage, and they will not get into bad habits. Play from the first day your puppy arrives at your house, which is the day the training begins, don't wait until you're six months old to start basic training.
Start by putting a suitable collar on your dog so that it has a comfortable, own nest and the right toys and bones: Wait a minute. The initial training program was to match the feeding time, and at first only a few simple commands were taught, and only the food of the meal was used as a reward. Don't start by bribing your puppy with snacks, it will be self-defeating.
After a few days, most of the dogs will walk up to you and sit down as soon as it is time for each day to eat. To make your dog able to get along well with other people and animals during the puppy period, the prerequisite is that you must be able to grasp the situation. You are its master, and it is not your master. In the early stages of training, familiarize your puppy with future life patterns.
<h1>Breed common sense</h1>
Sexual maturity is reached in 6 to 8 months, body maturity is reached at 12 months, and can be mated and reproduced when it reaches maturity, estrus twice a year in spring and autumn, and the gestation period is 58 to 65 days, and each fetus is 4 to 6.
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2. Glaucoma