Flying has always been a romantic dream. From ancient times to the present, they have been clinging to the dream of flying.
The first person in the world to have a dream of spaceflight is our Chinese, called Wanhu.
WanHu, there was a reader in the Ming Dynasty, whose real name was Tao Chengdao, who liked to delve into science very much.
During an alchemy, he accidentally discovered the "firearm" and developed it, and Zhu Yuanzhang named him a founding hero and gave him a "ten thousand households".
In his later years, Wanhu was bent on ascending to the heavens and wanted to see what was on the sky at a height of 10,000 meters.
He was well prepared, each with a kite in his hand, 47 rockets strapped under his seat, and ordered his servants to light a fire for him. The servants, fearful of the safety of the ten thousand households, did not dare to light the fire.
However, at this time, the ten thousand households, on the grounds of "breaking out a flying path for future generations", resolutely decided to order the servants to light a fire.
The result is predictable, and the ten thousand households eventually exploded into a ball of fire in the air, so they died.
Wanhu's sacrifice was recognized by the whole world, because on the far side of the moon, there is a mountain named after him, called "Wan Hoo".
Throughout the ages Chinese love for the aerospace industry is engraved in the bones and flowing in the blood, today's Chinese aerospace is no longer "ten thousand households", and manned aviation is no longer a dream.
So you know, who is qualified to fly? How many levels does it take to become a true astronaut?
So far, there are 556 astronauts on Earth, from 37 countries and regions around the world.
Although so many countries have their own astronauts, the only countries that really have their own selection systems are China, Russia and the United States.
Here to insert a little knowledge, as we all know that astronauts are also called astronauts, it sounds similar, but there are many articles in it.
The Americans traveled to space earlier than we all did, and at the beginning, the United States named astronauts astronaut, which means star, and naut refers to crew, translated, as the crew of interstellar travel. The Soviet Union was fighting with the United States at that time, you take this name, then I will take a more powerful than you.
The Soviet astronauts were called cosmonaut, which means universe in Greek, literally translated as astronaut of space travel.
Although the names of these two countries have different meanings, in China, they are translated as astronauts, and later called astronauts. The name of "astronaut" is generally Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.
What qualifications do astronauts need to have?
Selecting astronauts is a very complicated and lengthy process.
First, there are two types of work: drivers and tech professionals.
Pilots are generally selected directly from pilots with flight experience, while scientific and technical personnel, as the name suggests, have expertise in a certain field.
Secondly, from the selection, it is necessary to go through from ordinary to qualified, qualified to reserve astronauts, and the reserve personnel have undergone long training and screening to become official flying astronauts.
Generally speaking, the whole process should last at least 4 years, because training takes 4 years.
The whole process of selection is mainly divided into four aspects: general selection, medical selection, psychological selection, and special environment selection.
From age gender, height and weight, to academic background, professional skills, to pass 43 aspects of assessment and assessment.
In addition to the acquired conditions that people can change, astronauts should do a strict physical examination, and whether they are qualified or not must be selected through professional "medical selection criteria".
It is worth mentioning that the selection of astronauts is different from the selection of height and weight in other fields.
Although there is a serious imbalance between men and women, in principle, both men and women can be used;
In terms of body type, it is more inclined to be short and lean. Height 1.6-1.72 m, weight 55-70 kg;
As for the age, it is set at 25-35 years old, and after 4 years of training, this age is more mature.
It has experienced hard indicators in terms of physiology, psychology, politics, knowledge, etc., and must also withstand the test of endurance and adaptability of the space environment such as sitting in a swivel chair and vomiting, and completing fine operations in a weightless environment.
Most people's first reaction to the selection of astronauts is not to be afraid of fainting. This is also the most distinctive item in the selection of astronauts.
The tests for this project include 17 items such as overweight endurance and vestibular function. The selection item in which astronauts sit in a swivel chair and spin at a high speed is called the "vestibular function".
The living conditions in the universe are different from the earth, human beings have continuously evolved their bodies for thousands of years in order to adapt to survival, and once they go to space, human beings are not only adaptable, but also break through their own potential.
The first three days of astronauts entering space are the high incidence of space movement disease, which is the physiological response of the human body in a weightless environment, which will be accompanied by symptoms such as dizziness and vomiting, similar to motion sickness on the ground.
In this selection process, many subjects will be brushed off, and the individual differences of each person are very different, which has become a necessary condition for astronauts to successfully pass the customs.
If you're lucky enough to be a reserve astronaut, what follows is a long training session.
It takes four years from the beginning of training to the ability to perform tasks, which is not an easy four years, as long as you do not retire, then your training will continue.
The astronauts who actually landed in space are extremely rare, and the astronauts who do not have the opportunity to fly in space account for the majority.
They don't slack off on this, they take it more seriously. Behind a good astronaut is a group of people all soaring in space.
Even if you really become an astronaut, successfully go to the sky, and successfully return to the ground, you will face many problems.
Most astronauts landed on the ground and were carried out by the staff, because they had just returned to the ground, and their bodies could not withstand the gravity of the earth, and forced standing could range from fainting and vomiting, to fractures and heart problems.
When astronauts successfully land on the ground, their bodies will also undergo microgravity and high radiation changes.
It will get taller, it will get thinner. Height increases by 2 to 5 centimeters due to weightlessness, and problems such as muscle atrophy, decreased bone density, and increased cranial pressure follow.
With 22 astronauts in the history of spaceflight who have given their lives, spaceflight remains a high-risk profession today.
Some astronauts, before they got out of the Carmen line, lost their lives due to the failure of the launch, and some, in the process of returning, would die because of the pressure lost in the cabin and it was too late to wear protective clothing.
At last
More and more space companies have created projects such as space tourism, and from the current scientific and technological situation, space travel is not as simple as flying abroad.
The first female teacher to attend as a civilian died as a result of the space shuttle crash.
As long as one step is deviated, everyone will go to an irreparable situation.
Still, this doesn't stop human exploration.
Human beings are only a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but human beings are small and great, paying tribute to those pioneers who dared to run into the unknown.