89 years of change, 89 years of memory is not old. In August 1932, under the leadership of the Hebei Provincial Cpc Committee and the Special Committee for The Protection of Subordinates, peasants in Gaoyang and Lixian county launched a large-scale peasant armed struggle against the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, known in history as the Gaoli Rebellion.
GaoLi Riot Memorial Tower
In late July 1932, the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting of the provincial party committee and a joint meeting of the county party committee at the Xiheyan Hotel in Beiping, and decided to organize the Gaoli Rebellion. After the meeting, Li Zhidao (Li Yake), secretary of the Special Committee for Safeguarding Subordinate Affairs, went to Lixian County to make an inspection, and on August 21, he wrote the "Report of the Special Committee for Safeguarding Subordinate Affairs to the Provincial Party Committee on Arranging guerrilla warfare in Lixian and Gaoyang", believing that the conditions for riots were ripe. The Hebei Provincial CPC Committee immediately sent Xiang Nong, secretary of the Provincial Military Commission, to Baoding to guide the rebellion.
On August 23, Xiangnong presided over a joint meeting of the Standing Committee of the Special Committee of the Party League, and studied and decided: "The two counties of Gaoli and Li are on the eve of the uprising, and they should step up preparations, launch the daily struggle of the peasants, organize the masses in all struggles, improve the party's leadership, wait for the conditions for the riot to be ripe, and then launch a guerrilla war." After the meeting, the Special Committee for the Protection of The People's Procuratorate reported the meeting to the Provincial Party Committee, and the Provincial Committee approved the action plan of the Special Committee for the Protection of the People's Republic of China on the arrangement of guerrilla warfare in Gaoli: the establishment of a Revolutionary Committee for the Preservation of the Dependents, composed of 7 members, including Li Zhidao, secretary of the Special Committee of the Special Committee. Arming the peasants, organizing guerrilla detachments, named the Hebei Red Army Guerrilla Brigade, the name is the First Division of the Twenty-seventh Army, adopting the "three-three system" organization, with brigades (regiments), squadrons, and squads, and the southeast area of Gaoyang is organized into the first brigade, the northeast district of Lixian County is the second brigade, and the western district of Lixian County is the third brigade. With the eastern and western districts of Lixian County and the southeastern district of Gaoyang as the base area, a Soviet government was established. The guerrilla zone was designated as 7 counties: Gaoyang, Lixian, Boye, Suning, Renqiu, Anping, and Shenze. If the guerrillas are unable to gain a foothold in the original area, they may retreat to the mountainous areas around Guanxian County if they are unable to gain a foothold in the original area. A transport brigade was set up to be responsible for logistics, the main task of which was to transport personnel, weapons and materials from the field to support the riots to the riot areas.
After the action plan was determined, the members of the special committee rushed to the front line of the struggle separately, while Bai Jian, secretary of the provincial committee of the Youth League, Li Yake, secretary of the special committee, and Yao Chunrong stayed in Baoding to preside over the overall work. On August 25, Xiang Nong, secretary of the Military Commission of the Special Committee, and Jia Chen of the Baoding Special Committee went to Songjiazhuang in Lixian County to hold an emergency meeting and decided to divide the three districts into three districts early on the morning of the 28th. On the 26th, Song Luoshu collected his gun in advance, and his early action exposed the plan of the rebellion, and Xiangnong decided to hold an armed rebellion in advance.
On August 27, the Gaoli rebellion was launched from Songjiazhuang in Lixian County. On the same day, the Red Army guerrillas posted everywhere the First Bulletin of the Revolutionary Committee for the Preservation of The People's Republic of China, and the Ten Programs of the Guerrillas were made public, which greatly encouraged the vast number of oppressed peasants in the Gaoli area. Song Luoshu led more than a dozen guerrillas to collect 12 long and short guns at Songjiazhuang, and after the guerrillas from Lixian Linbao Village came here to converge, the soldiers were divided into two routes, capturing 5 rifles at Wuwangzhuang in Boye County and 1 rifle at Lijiazhuang in Qingyuan County.
At noon, the two teams assembled at Wuwangzhuang and rushed to The Village of Limbau via YangMazhuang and Sunzhuang, where they seized 6 guns from the landlord. By the evening, a total of about 50 people had gathered from all over the place, and 23 long guns, 2 box guns, and 1 Browning gun were captured in one day, plus the guerrillas' original two box guns, for a total of 28 long and short guns. At this point, the riot team was officially organized into the third brigade of the first detachment of the Hebei Red Army guerrilla team.
On August 28, the Red Army guerrillas, under the leadership of Xiangnong and Song Luoshu, continued to mobilize the masses in the Songjiazhuang area, collect guns, and strengthen the ranks. At the same time, Wang Yishun of the regiment's special committee also organized a guerrilla group of more than 60 people in Nanyutian Village, and with 6 large guns, 1 short gun, and 1 submachine gun transported by the special committee from Baoding, the second brigade of the Red Army guerrilla group was established. At this time, the influence of the riot gradually expanded, the nearby masses joined the Red Army guerrillas, and the second and third large groups of Red Army guerrillas quickly grew to more than 150 people and more than 50 guns.
On August 30, the second and third brigades crossed the Longhe River in the east and marched to the southeastern area of Gaoyang County, joined the first brigade of Gaoyang, and attacked the Kuomintang public security sub-bureau and the defense regiment's stronghold of Beixinzhuang. In this area, the work of our Party is also relatively active, and more than 20 villages have established party organizations, and they have made various preparations in advance to hold the riot. On this day, the procession passed through Wangjiaying in Lixian County, Daxingzhuang in Gaoyang, Beifu, and Pang Jiazuo, and along the way beat up local tycoons and landlords, distributed grain and clothing to the local people, and shot and killed the landlords and bullies who committed the most heinous crimes. A powerful revolutionary storm swept across the land of Gaoli. When the team arrived at Pangjiazuo Village, Cai Shulin, secretary of the Gaoyang Southeast District Party Committee, who was hiding here to teach, braved the rain to greet the second and third brigades, reported on the situation, and proposed to attack the enemy immediately without the enemy noticing. In the afternoon, with Cai Shulin as the guide and 16 guerrillas as the forward, the riot team braved the rain to attack the enemy in Beixinzhuang. Under the cooperation of my underground party members, I occupied the public security substation in a few minutes, and then solved the village east defense regiment, and a total of 40 guns were captured.
That evening, Xiangnong presided over an emergency meeting at which it was announced that a local Soviet government would be established, with Xiangnong as chairman and Song Luoshu as vice chairman. At the same time, the first detachment of the Hebei Red Army guerrilla group was formally established, with three brigades, a total of more than 300 people, more than 120 long and short guns, and the detachment headquarters and the Soviet government were set up in the high courtyard of Beixinzhuang. A large red flag with a sickle and axe was hung in front of the door, and the words "The proletariat and the oppressed nations of the whole world unite" and "the headquarters of the first detachment of the partisans of the Hebei Red Army" were written on the red flag. Red flags were also hung in all brigades, and the guerrillas, in order to show their determination to fight the enemy to the end, wore a red belt as a symbol around their necks, called sacrifice belts.
On August 31, the third brigade stayed in Beixinzhuang, and the first and second brigades went to Xiyan, Beiliuzhuang, Anzhuang and other villages to mobilize and organize the masses, fight local tyrants and bullies, and distribute grain, clothing, and salt to poor peasants. To the cheers of the masses, revolutionary committees, land distribution committees, red guards, labor boy groups, and young pioneers were formed.
At 2 p.m., a cavalry company of the enemy Bai Fengxiang suddenly surrounded the guerrilla garrison of Beixinzhuang and blocked the gate with machine guns. The guerrillas rose up to fight back and organized a breakout. When the enemy rushed into the courtyard, Song Luoshu led his team to shoot at the enemy until he died heroically; Cai Shulin held his position until he finished the last bullet and died in honor. The angry enemy brutally took his head off with a knife and hung it high in a tree... After two hours of fighting, the guerrillas lost 17 dead and 9 were captured. The team members who broke out withdrew to Gaojiazhuang in Gaoyang County, and fought fiercely with the enemy's pursuing troops, and finally the Red Army guerrillas were scattered. After 5 days of fierce fighting, a total of 47 people were killed. By September 4, the Gaoli rebellion had failed.
After the failure of the uprising, the reactionary authorities launched a large-scale search and massacre in Gaoyang, Lixian, Boye, Qingyuan, Anxin, Baoding City and other places, and white terror enveloped the land of Baoding. The brutal enemy took the heads of Cai Shulin, Song Luoshu, and four other comrades who died in the battle with a knife and brought them to Xinqiao and other places to hang their heads in public, and Li Yake, secretary of the Baoding Special Committee, Zhai Shugong, secretary of the Gaoyang County CPC Committee, Zhao Zhiyuan of the special committee, and Ma Yongling, a special commissioner of the Regiment, were arrested and killed.
Because the enemy was strong and we were weak, the vigorous Gaoli rebellion failed under the armed suppression of the reactionary ruling class. Although the Gaoli rebellion failed, its great historical significance was very far-reaching: This armed uprising with the peasants as the main body broke out at a time when the crisis of the Chinese nation was deepening, and it was a vigorous red storm set off in the heart of the enemy -- the triangle of Ping, Tianjin, and Bao in the hinterland of north China. In the face of the powerful Kuomintang reactionary forces, the martyrs heroically raised the red flag high. Revolutionary heroes, immortal! (Wang Xingcai)