1 Selection of the location of the beehive and placement of the hive
The venue is best taken from the north facing south, the terrain is slightly higher, and the sun is sheltered from the wind. The foot of the beehive should be placed under the wooden stake, brick or stool frame, so that the beehive is placed 20 to 30 cm above the ground. In order to avoid the inside of the hive being soaked by rainwater, the four sides of the large cover waterproof oil felt on the hive should protrude by 2 to 3 cm, and the bottom foot of the hive should be shrunk by 2 to 3 cm. In addition, because the wet and cold environment is more likely to breed germs, it is necessary to ensure sufficient sunlight at the door of the hive. Moreover, beehives and hives should be equipped with equipment to protect against moisture, strong winds and cold, and maintain good ventilation.
2 Cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of the environment inside and outside the hive
2.1 Handling of the environment inside the hive
Beehives, nest spleens and related bee gear are thoroughly disinfected regularly with formalin and potassium permanganate, especially in spring and autumn. The specific method is: put an empty box at the bottom, continue to place 8 to 10 on it, and put 10 spleens or other beehives in the box. Using plastic film to cover the entire stacked box from above, place a small iron drum inside the beehive, first add 20 g of potassium permanganate, and then pour in 100 mL of formalin. The bottom of the cylindrical plastic film is then quickly sealed with soil or thin mud, and the seal is opened after 48 h. It is determined that the drug is completely volatile before being put into use.
The acetate steam method is also a good disinfection method. Place the nest spleen to be sterilized in the hive and place a degreased cotton lined with acetic acid solution at the frame beam of the nest spleen. The application amount is 8 mL of 98% glacial acetic acid or 10 mL of 80% acetic acid/AQUI. After application, paste the hive and seal for 1 to 2 days. After disinfection is completed, unseal and can be used after the smell of medicine in the hive is gone.
The formaldehyde fumigation method is to mix 38% of formaldehyde: potassium permynic acid: hot water = 1:1:0.5 ratio to produce steam and fumigate. In general, a beehive uses 10 mL of formaldehyde and seals it with a rubber strip for more than 24 h to kill the micro-broopter's broopter.
In addition, sometimes for daily convenience, the nest frame, nest spleen and beehive can be disinfected separately. For example, the nest frame and nest spleen to be disinfected are soaked in saturated salt water for 48 to 60h, and then rinsed with water, dried and put into use. The hive can be disinfected with a 2% NaOH scrub or burned with a flame blowtorch.
Studies have reported that UV radiation for 5 min kills nearly 50% of cannons. Therefore, after cleaning the beehives, they can be exposed to the sun to achieve the purpose of killing most of the huggers. At the same time, regularly turning over the insulation in the hive, reducing the cold humidity in the hive, and maintaining a dry environment inside the hive is also an important way to prevent microsporidium outbreaks.
2.2 Treatment of the beehive surroundings
Always pay attention to cleaning the surrounding environment of the bee farm, such as nearby weeds, fallen leaves, other animal feces and other garbage should pay attention to cleaning. For the sick bees and dead bees around the hive, they should be diligent in cleaning and processing, and it is best to bury them deeply after high temperature sterilization to avoid repeated infection of the disease. At the same time, some lime should be sprinkled regularly around the bee farm for disinfection and sterilization.
3. Feeding management
Strictly test the wintering feed of bees, can not use manna honey, crystalline honey and fermented honey as wintering feed, especially pay attention to contaminated pollen, honey can not be used as feed to feed bees without disinfection treatment. Also, avoid feeding bees with feed that can cause bees to diarrhea. The bee farm can also be equipped with its own water feeder to avoid bees from going out to eat contaminated water sources and get sick.
4. Cultivate strong groups
It is extremely likely to satisfy the source of honey powder, ensuring the normal food supply of bees to raise strong flocks for a long time. At the beginning of winter, weak groups below 5 boxes can all be merged, thereby enhancing the disease resistance of the bee colony.
5. Strengthen the excretion of bee colonies in early spring
In order to avoid the infection of the bee colony with micro-broodstock in the bee feces, in the early spring, choose a sunny and windless weather with an outdoor temperature higher than 12 ° C, and let the bees fly outside the box and excrete in a timely manner. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid the production of pirate bees and labyrinth bees, and reduce the chance of micro-brachiolar infection. (Wang Yan)