□ Liu Xiaolong Special correspondent Xiao Dinghuai
"My loquat tree has more flowers and flowers every year, and there are few fruits and fruits, so I don't know what kind of scientific management techniques and methods can make it produce high-quality fruits..." On December 5, in the golden village of Jizhou Street in Nanjiang County, villager He Haiping pointed to several loquat trees on his side. The author immediately interviewed Li Mingyong, a senior agronomist and fruit tree cultivation expert of the Nanjiang County Agricultural and Rural Bureau. Lao Li said that the flowering period of loquat is generally in October-December, and if it is not well managed, it may lead to a reduction in loquat production. Therefore, the flowering period of loquat trees must do a good job in the following four management.
Thin the flower spikes
The buds of each flower spike of loquat generally have 50-100 flowers, and as many as 200, so that it can bear natural fruit, and one ear can bear dozens of fruits. Therefore, the buds on each flower spike must be removed in order to make the remaining buds get more adequate nutrition and produce high-quality fruits. The budding method is to remove the middle and upper parts of the flower spikes and leave 2-4 branches at the base. The second is to remove the top and base support shafts, leaving 3-4 support shafts in the middle. The third is to remove the upper support shaft, leave 3-4 support shafts at the base, and remove the front end of the remaining branch shaft, leaving 30-40 flower buds per panicle.
Drought and cold protection
In winter, when there is drought and little rain, in order to improve the pollination rate of loquats, tree trunk spraying or inter-garden ditch irrigation can be carried out in the morning of sunny days. If there is frost in winter, before the frost arrives, measures such as soil cultivation, whitening of tree trunks, drying roots and bundles of leaves can be taken to prevent frost. Each tree can cover the root part of the tree with fire or garbage fertilizer, pond mud and field mud, covering the thickness of 10-15 cm, and then cover the soil with grass to increase soil temperature, protect the root group, increase fertilizer, and facilitate the safe overwintering of the tree. Loquat trees can also be sprayed with 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution before the arrival of frost, at least 3 times every 7 days.
Apply winter fertility
When the loquat flowers are drawn, each tree should be subjected to about 25 kg of decomposing manure and 3 kg of calcium perphosphate. Under the canopy, dig 6-8 radial ditches with a depth of about 15 cm, a length of 100 cm and a width of 20 cm, apply fertilizer into the ditch, and cover the soil, which can increase the nutrients of the tree, enhance the ability to resist cold, and promote more flowers to improve the fruit set rate. At the same time, it is necessary to do a good job of topdressing outside the root, promote the development of flower buds, keep the leaves thick green, and lay a good foundation for the harvest in the coming year.
Control of pests and diseases
Loquat flowering diseases and insect pests mainly include flower ear rot disease, leaf spot disease, nymph mites and other mites, pear small heartworm, yellow caterpillar and peach borer, etc., if these diseases are not prevented and controlled in time, will cause rotten flowers, flowers, fruits, leaves, affecting loquat production and quality, serious or even harvest.