Gastroscopy room of Spotted Dove Town Health Center
Screening tumors = "comprehensive" physical examination, sampling a blood test, doing a B ultrasound, taking a film, doing a CT scan, and performing some tumor marker examination. Are these checks enough? Is it really possible to screen for gastrointestinal tumors? (including esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, bowel cancer) The answer is of course no!
What tests can be used to screen for gastrointestinal tumors?
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >, the gold standard - gastrointestinal endoscopy</h1>
It is currently agreed that gastrointestinal endoscopy is the gold standard for finding early tumors of the digestive tract.
Through gastrointestinal microscopy can directly see the morphology of the gastrointestinal mucosa, once the lesion site can also be clipped to the pathological examination, in order to achieve the purpose of diagnosis, is to find gastrointestinal inflammation, ulcers, tumors and precancerous changes direct and more effective means of examination.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy is all about helping you detect early, diagnose early, treat early, and simply put, it can save lives.
We recommend that as various diseases become younger and older than 40 years old, even if they do not have the above symptoms, they need to undergo a (gastro) endoscopy.
Friends with a family history of gastrointestinal tumors need to be screened at least 10 years in advance.
In addition, please keep the following points in mind
(1) Screening for gastric, esophageal and colorectal cancer should be started at the age of 40, individualized screening should be required between the ages of 76 and 85, and screening is not recommended for over 85 years of age. (2) Gastric cancer, colorectal cancer screening is not the best strategy, the most effective strategy is to carry out scientific screening, listen to the advice of professional doctors is certainly the most sensible choice. (3) Screening methods include stool occult blood test once a year, colonoscopy every 2-3 years (once a year for high-risk groups). (4) Different screenings have different hazards, and overall screening-related complications are mainly caused by colonoscopy and polypotomy, but the risk is very low and there is no need to panic excessively.
Who > <h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" needs screening? </h1>
From the perspective of the pathogenesis characteristics and economic status of gastrointestinal tumors, it is recommended that groups over the age of 40, with the following risk factors, belong to high-risk groups, and should be examined as soon as possible with gastroscopy or colonoscopy, mainly including:
1. In the past, there were chronic atrophic gastritis, gastrointestinal polyps, pernicious anemia and other precancerous diseases, and there were precancerous lesions such as moderate intestinal metaplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia of the gastric mucosa. 2. Have a family history of gastrointestinal tumors such as stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, etc., including parents or siblings. 3. There are symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, melena, bloody stools, heartburn, and nausea. 4. There is Helicobacter pylori infection, and Helicobacter pylori is also a carcinogenic factor. 5, high salt diet, the average salt intake should be greater than 20 grams per day. 6, like to eat smoked, fried, pickled food. 7. Smoke, with an average of more than 200 cigarettes per year. 8. Heavy drinking, the average daily alcohol consumption is greater than 50 grams.
< H1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > stool test</h1>
The method of stool testing is mainly used for screening for colon cancer
Stool testing can be divided into two broad categories:
First, the fecal occult blood test, this method is relatively simple, the hospital can basically check. A fecal occult blood test is recommended annually or every 2 years, and if a positive result is positive, colonoscopy is required to confirm colorectal cancer.
The other type is DNA testing, which is more specific for the diagnosis of colon cancer, but the sensitivity is slightly worse, especially if you want to find some very early colon cancer or precancerous lesions through fecal testing, it may be a little difficult.
Clinically, these two items are generally done together, and the positive rate is relatively high.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, tumor marker examination</h1>
Now there will be blood tests for "tumor markers" in the physical examination, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9, glycoant antigen 72-4 and so on.
Generally recommended marker combinations:
There are six gastrointestinal tumors: AFP, CEA, CA199, CA242, CA724, CA50
Is it that an increase in the indicator means that you have cancer, and if you are not high, you will be finished? The value of tumor markers is very limited. Because there is no 100% sensitive marker, high is not necessarily cancer, not high is not necessarily no cancer.
Elevated laboratory tumor markers can be managed according to the following principles:
In patients with mild elevation of individual markers, if no tumor is found in the image, the value remains at the critical level of the upper limit of normal value after review, and malignancy is not considered.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, gastric function test</h1>
Pepsinogen PGI, PGII, gastrin G17 and other indicators were detected. These indicators do not directly reflect whether there is stomach cancer, but reflect whether the secretory function of the stomach is normal, and then speculate on the risk of gastric cancer.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > IV. Helicobacter pylori detection</h1>
Helicobacter pylori infection is a major culprit in intestinal gastric cancer, with about 3-5% of infected people ending up with stomach cancer. Found and eradicated, the risk of stomach cancer can be greatly reduced;
A common test is the carbon 13/14 breath test.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > five, fecal testing</h1>