Three
Wei Yijie was a native of Baixiang Township, Zhao Prefecture (present-day Baixiang County, Xingtai City), who spent most of his life here; and even if he lived in Beijing as an official, he was closer to his hometown, and he was in the same yanzhao domain, and he rarely left this cultural circle. Therefore, his lifelong close friends are mainly Northlanders, who together receive the nourishment of the same cultural soil, have a very similar view of literature, and reflect distinct regional characteristics in their own literary works.
Baixiang belongs to the land of ancient Yan Zhao, which is "the throat of Heshuo, the key road of Qifu". The unique natural environmental factors of the Yanzhao area have created the personality of the people here to be both the rough and unrestrained nature of the nomadic culture and the peace and integrity of the farming culture; it is both simple and enthusiastic, honest and faithful, and brave and brave, and iron-boned. "Since the Han Dynasty, many historical legends have said: 'Accustomed to the legacy of Yan Dan Jingke, generous and sad songs, still renxia, and reserved courage', but the quality of his sexual resources is straight, he respects the law, and he cultivates and persuades him to weave, which is not easy for all generations to do." During the Ming and Qing dynasties, this area became a key place for Qifu, and compared with other regions, the influence of political factors was more direct and rapid, "more than those who bathed in sanctification, and advocated Xiu Ming with their own will, especially those who could not reach other provinces." To a certain extent, this has affected the local people who are more enthusiastic about making meritorious achievements and have a stronger sense of distress.
Wei Yijie has created a large number of poetic works depicting the natural and cultural landscapes of Yanzhao, which contain many geographical indications and cultural elements of Yanzhao, which clearly show the cultural characteristics of this region and the author's deep identification and love for it. In the Wei Lianke schoolbook "Jian Ji Tang Anthology", there are nine preambles written by Wei Yijie, namely, "Chronicles of Qifu Characters", "Reconstruction of Guangping Fu Zhi Order", "Reconstruction of Nanhe County Chronicles", "Reconstruction of Jinzhou Zhi Orders", "Xinxiang County Chronicles", "Reconstruction of Quyang County Chronicles", "Reconstruction of Baixiang County Zhi Orders", "Reconstruction of Ningchang County Xuegong Order", and "Ren Zijia Multiplication Sequence", all of which give detailed introductions to the historical origins and geographical situation of the counties recorded in many aspects. For example, the "Reconstruction of the Chronicle of Jinzhou" records, "Jinzhou, the ancient drum kingdom, Han and Wei are the lower Quyang, the Yuan Zhongtongjian is changed to the present name, and the important land of the Eastern Corner of Gai Zhending is also." Old Zhiyun, Drum Mountain from Cui, Huanshui Huanqing, leaning on Hengyue on the back, elbowing Lu Chuan, can also be seen in the shape of victory." The "Chronicle of the Restoration of Guangping Province" records: "Guangping, Mingjun also." Astronomically, it should be Pleiades, Chenxing Doushu; the terrain is north of Yanzhuo, south of Wei Zheng; mountains are cong, purple, red, lou, water is Zhang, Fu, Huan, sand. The wind is ringing, the grave is fertile, and the XunHe Shuo is a metropolis! ...... The country is vast and inclusive, and the root lies in kifu. In the suburbs of Qifu, more land was collected by the princes, and the tax was paid, and the root of the tax was Zhao and Wei. Guangping, Zhao Duye, two ears away from Handan, the throat belongs, seems to be flat and dangerous. When the Warring States were in power, the Qin people eagles looked at the tiger and devoured them day by day, but Zhao fought against them, and Qin could not add to Zhao in the end." In the Preface to the Chronicle of the Characters of Qifu, he said, "Yu tasted to read Sima Qian's "Records of History", went to Xishan to compose songs, Yanshi To build, Le Yi newspapers, Yu Qing abandoned the seal, and so on. It is known that Gu Yan Zhao Duo's sad and generous people are close to nature. The land lives in the northeast, for the yin and yang wind and rain meeting, the left vicissitudes of the sea and the right Taihang, the mountains and rivers are agitated, the yu is a character, and there are heroic spirits on behalf of the generation, which cannot be stopped. "As mentioned above, the natural environment and cultural landscape of yanzhao land are displayed in a three-dimensional way, which can greatly enhance the thickness and heat of the reader's perception."
Wei Yijie's poems describing the natural and cultural landscape of Yanzhao have many group poems, such as "And Sima Liang Yuli Zhao County's Miscellaneous Poems" (eight poems), "Ten Views of the Garden", "Yantai Qiuxing" (eight poems), etc., and there are also single poems, such as "Zhao Zhou", "Luancheng Post House", "Zhendingfu" and so on. Some are written about mountains and rivers, such as "Taihang Return", "Taihang Evening Cui", "Crossing the Well", "Tuotuo River", and some are writing about characters and monuments, and even customs and habits, such as "Zhuozhou Gongshuo Ancient Locust Yong", "Jizhou Huaigu", "Heshi Bixing", "Guangwu Traces", "Removal of Age" and so on. No matter what kind of subject matter it is described or sung, Wei Yijie's poetry pen appears to be full of charm and vigor, such as the four poems in "And Sima Liang Yu Li Zhao Jun's Miscellaneous Songs":
Look at the tombs of the kings
Qi Cheng did not dare to return to the truth, and it was no longer the case to replace the people. Only the newspapers and books are historical, and the ancient wood weeps and flies every year.
Han Guang Wu Temple
The revival of Hanye came from the north, and the plain suddenly saw the high platform. I don't know where Zhong Yu returned, but there were stone people with grass lai.
Xinling Junci Temple
The five masters of the gonggao broke through the Qin, so the vast grass was new. Tang Mu is still famous, and I don't know who is a Tugu person.
Wulang Pavilion
Don't forget the Hebei incident, Mai Drink Junchen Chetone. The lonely and desolate pavilion is broken, and pedestrians point out the old isolated village.
Constantly giving spiritual nourishment to The Wei people, and entering the title of his poems, not only were specific geographical landscapes and distant Xinling Jun, Han Guangwu Emperor, but also the recently deceased Northern Ming Dynasty famous ministers Yang Jisheng and Zhao Nanxing. Yang Jisheng (1516~1555), also known as Zhongfang, was a Chinese poet. A native of Rongcheng County, Baoding Province (present-day Beihezhao Village, Rongcheng County, Hebei), he was a famous courtier in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. First, he was relegated to di Daodian history because of Shangshu's impeachment of Qiu Luan's proposal to open the horse market, and then he was framed and imprisoned for impeaching Yan Song for "five adulterous and ten major crimes". He was tortured in prison without yielding, and was eventually killed in Jiajing in the thirty-fourth year (1555), at the age of forty. Emperor Muzong of Ming posthumously honored him as "Zhongzong" (忠愍), known as "Yang Zhongzong". In the "Anthology of Jianjitang", there are three poems written by Yang Jisheng, especially the second poem:
He Shi wulong, the mourning king Zuozi. Lonely graves leave easy water, and green blood is desolate.
Righteousness is not ancient, and the soul is old. White ditch old fortress, wood path wild wind blowing.
It can be seen that Wei Yijie and Yang Jisheng are closely connected, and in Yang Jisheng's body, Wei Yijie has absorbed great spiritual strength.
Zhao Nanxing (1550~1627), also spelled Mengbai, was a native of Gaoyi County,Zhending Province (now Gaoyi County, Shijiazhuang City) in the Ming Dynasty. A famous politician and writer, one of the leaders of the Donglin Party. In the second year of the Wanli Calendar (1574), jinshi. "When he was writing with honesty", he once neglected the four major harms of the world, "what he attacked was sheltered by the times", Zeng Zuo Wanli twenty-one years (1593) Jingcha, "supporting the right and suppressing evil, and deposing the private people of the road", because he caused the envy of the powerful, he was denounced as a citizen, and the upright people took him and Gu Xiancheng. Zou Yuanbiao also called "Three Juns". In the early years of Taichang and Tianqi, he was promoted to the posts of Zuo Du Yushi (左都御史) and Shangshu (吏部尚書), and because of conflicts with the eunuch Wei Zhongxian, he was put in charge of the prefecture and finally died in Shushou. Gaoyi and Baixiang counties are close together, and Wei and Zhao are still related, and Wei and Zhao also saw this Gongxiangxian when he was a child. In the article "Preface to Mr. Zhao Yihe's Idle Residence and Choice of Words", Wei Yijie recalled: "Mr. Zhao Yihe, born at a young age at the age of a big star, wrote as a text, Zhang Miaotianxia. At the height of its time, the prosperity of Ming Fortune, together with Nanle Wei Maozhong, Changyuan Li Yutian, Tongzhou Li Xiuwu, and Jiangyou Zou Nangao, the dukes of Jiangyou, forged ahead with the righteousness of Daode, and for a time the sea looked forward to xianglin wei, and those who passed out of Zhao County, did not taste it, but listened to his cough, divided his pieces, and thought that he was more than honored. In his early years, he was appointed as the general xian, Jinzuka Zai, dissected his conscience, and even Ru Zhongzheng. ...... The rest of his life is also twilight, and the remaining mother, Mrs. Zhang, is also the nephew of Mr. Zhang. When he was a child, he lifted to the top of the temple, and saw Mr. Qi fluttering, like a god among the gods. Whoops, sir, the man of integrity is also a man of honor! The text mentions that Wei Yijie's mother, Lady Zhang, is the niece of Zhao Nanxing, and the author has a lot of reverence for Zhao Nanxing's talent and fame.
In the Yanzhao region, Wei Yijie also had several close friends who had been known all their lives. They not only have similar moral conduct and life ideals, but also have common literary propositions and pursuits, and they look good and forge the context and character of Yan Zhao's domain. In the first month of the twenty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Wei Yijie, who was already sixty-nine years old, received the news of the death of several friends and was very sad. Here, Wei Litong's "Annals of Mr. Wei Zhen'an" states: "There are few friends of the public, Sun Zhengjun, Sun Beihai, Wei Huanxi, Shen Jiaomeng, Yang Youlong, Wei Lianlu, Hao Xuehai, and so on. These seven close friends are all well-known figures in the history of the development of Yan Zhao's literary vein: Sun Zhengjun, that is, Sun Qifeng (1584-1675), was a scholar of science in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty in the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the Qing court repeatedly summoned Sun Zhengjun. Along with Li Yong and Huang Zongxi, it is collectively known as the three confucians of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. During his lifetime, he wrote a lot of works, representative works such as: "Lixue Zongchuan", "Shengxue Record", "Beixue Compilation", "Luo XueBian", "Four Books Near Finger", "Reading Yi Dazhi", "Shujing Near Finger", etc.; Sun Beihai, that is, Sun Chengze (1593~1676), he was a famous politician and collector in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. In the fourth year of Ming Chongzhen (1631), he was a jinshi and an official to the criminal department. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he served as the secretary of the Dali Temple, the soldier's attendant, and the official's right attendant. Rich collection, fine identification of calligraphy and paintings. He is the author of more than forty kinds of books, such as "Yulu of Dreams of Chunming", "Records of Tianfu Guangji", "Records of Gengzi's Elimination of Summer", "Kyushu Landscape Examination", "Collection of Traceability", "Collection of Yanshan Zhai", etc.; Wei Huanxi is Wei Xiangshu (1617-1687), Zihuanji (一作环溪), Yongzhai (号庸斋), also known as Hansong, Xuanhua Prefecture Wei Prefecture (present-day Wei County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, before the 32nd year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty, under the rule of Datong Prefecture, Shanxi Province). Born as a jinshi, he was a former official zuo du yushi and a shangshu of the punishment department. As an official, he dared to tell the truth; as a capable courtier, he made great contributions to quelling the rebellion in San Francisco; as a clean official, he "swore an oath of money" and was willing to be poor; as a scholar, he paid attention to true talent and practical learning. At present, the twelve volumes of the Hansongtang Collection have survived; Shen Kaimeng is Shen Hanguang (1618~1677), the character Fu Meng, Yi Zi he Meng, the number Of Ji Meng, etc., the eldest son of The Ming Tai Servant Temple. A native of Yongnian County, Guangping Province (present-day Yongnian County, Handan City, Hebei Province), he was jointly known as the Three Talents of Qinan along with Yin Yue and Zhang Gai. During the Shunzhi period, Engongsheng was born, and he was tired of recommending it. His poems are based on Du Fu, who wrote books such as "Congshan Collection" and "Jingyuan Whispers"; Yang Youlong,or Yang Sisheng (1621~1664), also known as Youlong (斴龙), was a native of Julu County, Shunde Province (present-day Julu County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province), and entered Hanlin for three years in Shunzhi. He was appointed as an envoy to Shanxi and a political envoy to Sichuan. Gong poems, such as the "And Pavilion Poems", were handed down; Wei Lianlu was Wei Yi'ao (1613~1692), the character Lotus Lu. A native of Xin'an County, Baoding Province (present-day Anxin County, Xiong'an New District, Hebei Province). During the reign of Ming Chongzhen, he was appointed as the governor of Xinzhou, Shanxi. In the second year of Qing Shunzhi (1645), sun Qifeng studied from the early Qing Dynasty, which lasted for 32 years, and recorded the most answers to Sun Qifeng's questions. He is the author of "Four Books and Even Records", "Poetry Classics", "Beixue Compilation", "Xia Feng Annals", "Xueting Dream Language", "Xueting Poetry Grass"; Hao Xuehai is Hao Yu (1623~1683) directly subordinate to Dingzhou (Dingzhou City, Hebei Province), the number Xuehai and so on. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, he was the head of the Punishment Department, and later changed to the imperial history of Huguang Province, and patrolled Sichuan. He moved to Fengtian (Shenyang, Liaoning) because of the impeachment of Wu Sangui, and later moved to Tieling. Reading and lecturing in the Yingang residence, Yi immersed himself in the study of righteousness and reasoning, and paying attention to zhou yi and understanding the ancients. Later, he was reinstated as the Imperial History of Huguang Province, and was transferred to the posts of Imperial History of Zuo Youdu, Imperial History of Zuo Vice Capital, and Inspector of Guangxi. He is the author of "Meridian Collection", "Treatise on the History of Zhongshan", "Discussion on Hao Zhongcheng", "Zhongshan Collection" and so on.
Wei Yijie had written contacts with many contemporary literati, and there were many of the seven listed above, such as Sun Qifeng, Sun Chengze, and Wei Xiangshu. According to the statistics of the "Jian jitang Anthology" published by Wei Lianke Dian School and Hebei People's Publishing House in 2017, a total of 6 prefaces, 10 books, 8 rulers, 2 biographies, 1 epitaph, 4 sacrifice texts, and 15 poems were written to seven of them, a total of 46 articles. In particular, Wei Yijie also wrote the "Five Sons Yin" group of poems, in which except for one "Cao Hou'an", the other four capitals are the seven friends listed in the song, namely:
Yang Yulong
Yang Zi was as open-minded as he was, and Ai Xian was as short as he could. Fu poetry enemy Shaoling, when he sighs, he wants to cry.
Saga Wan Gang, Zhen Yi is independent. Everywhere you see Bi Yi Yan, the breeze mu ke ru.
Wei Huanji
Wuzong Xuezhaizi, standing in the style of the ancients. The buds did not dare to arrive, and the doorway was empty.
Years of food and state rice, dredging the earthquake in east China. Zheng Gongyu was still visible and looked forward to returning to Hong.
Shin-ying-ying
The elegant way sleeps down, and the hundred families are brilliant. He knows the hearts of the ancients, and meditates on his own.
The flat dry has a strange posture, and the qi height body also changes. Gao Zhai counted the papers, and did not feel the gap light feast.
Hao Xuehai
Hao Sheng is unruly, and Ice and Snow are smart. The strategy is full of enemies, and it is light to resist death and life.
Zhi Dacai is quite angry, floating in Zhongshan City. I want to go from it to it, and I want to do a thousand days together.
These four poems sing yang Sisheng, Wei Xiangshu, Shen Hanguang, and Hao Yu respectively, and the author writes about himself as a confidant, and in just a few strokes, he writes the personality and temperament of his friends in the north on the paper and into the wood, which makes the reader unforgettable.
Wei Yijie and the above friends have very consistent poetic ideas and life pursuits, and they often pity each other, reward each other, and do not forget each other. They were all dissatisfied with the pompous atmosphere of the poetry world at that time and advocated zongshang Du fu's poetry. For example, Yang Sisheng greatly appreciated the "majestic and vast" atmosphere in Wei Yijie's poems, he said: "Every time you read the poems of Yufang, Hao sings and sighs, and several mountains resound, and the sea waters fly in groups, and they are traced back to a continuous release. The clock shifts my temperament, and I don't have to do it. Wei Yijie commented in the "Brother Of the Sacrifice of Fang Bo Yang Yulong Nian": "Between Fang Bingshu and Ding Hai, the vicissitudes are flowing, the hearts of the people are rotten, and the world no longer knows what the famous sect is doing inspections." My friend hates the obscure and dangerous people, and every time he sees it in the text, he sits and talks like a green spirit and a young man, and it is not mixed. ...... Alone with my friends and Yu, pushing the Shaoling, saving the east of the storm and the pillar. Shen Hanguang, who was also one of the seven friends of the Wei Dynasty, commented on the relationship between the two of them in the Biography of Yang Fangbo, saying, "Gong and Imazuka Zai Wei Gongsuke were kind to each other in the same year, and they were morally cut together in articles, such as left and right hands." ...... Whoever is conceited enough to come down will take the scroll and the two dukes with them, and be proud of their words. The two dukes are also diligent and diligent, one art is long, and the reputation is feared, so that gai has become famous. ”。 This passage further proves the closeness of the intersection of Wei and Yang and their great influence in the poetry world at that time. Wei Yijie wrote in an altarpiece mourning the death of his friend Shen Hanguang: "Woohoo, YuLong died and Yu did not speak poetry, Beihai died and Yu did not speak of learning, and Yu Shangyanwenye died of The Dragon Alliance!" In just one sentence, it truly expressed the incomparably deep emotional and ideological consensus between Wei Yijie and Yang Sisheng, Sun Chengze, Shen Hanguang and other close friends.
In addition to the seven friends listed above, there was also a Yan Zhao soldier who was also closely related to Wei Yijie and had outstanding literary achievements, that is, Liang Qingbiao. Liang Qingbiao (1620-1691), also known as Yuli ( ) , also known as Tangcun ( Tangcun ) , cangyan ( ) , was a native of Zhengding Province ( present-day Zhengding District , Shijiazhuang , Hebei ) . In the sixteenth year of ming dynasty (1643), he was a jinshi in the first year of the reign of Qing Shunzhi, and successively served as a Shangshu of the Bingbu, shangshu of the Rebbe, Shangshu of the Punishment Department, and Shangshu of the Hubu. He likes to collect classic calligraphy and paintings, and has the reputation of "collecting the world". During his lifetime, he wrote a lot of works, including "Banana Forest Poetry Collection", "Banana Forest Manuscript", "Tangcun Words", "Tangcun Essay" and so on. Wei Yijie and Liang Qingbiao are "friends of The Dragons". According to Wei Litong's "Annals of Mr. Wei Zhen'an", in the eleventh year of Chongzhen (1638), Wei Yijie and Liang Qingbiao studied at Hengyang Academy. After entering the Qing Dynasty, the two were also important courtiers of the imperial court, "or serving together, or jointly undertaking drinking Yan", and had close exchanges. Although the two of them held prominent official positions and were busy with official duties, they still could not release the scrolls, and from time to time they sang and discussed the art of poetry. For example, Liang Qingbiao talked about the Wei epilogue poetry in the "Original Preface to the Poetry Collection of Jianjitang": "On the poetry of ancient and modern people with Yu, it is said that poetry is noble and true, not noble and false". "Guizhen" is the quality of poetry praised by Wei Yijie, who has this evaluation of Liang Qingbiao's poetry, and he said in the "Preface to Liang Yuli's Leisurely Poetry": "Yu Lizhi is a poem, disdainful of the three Tang Dynasty Chen traces, and disdainful of the dust to take the green and white, such as the neighbors seem to be between the scales, the seven sons and other tones. It can be seen that Liang Qingbiao's poetry creation is also "noble and true is not expensive and false", which is an important feature of the ancient and modern Yan zhao poetry style.
epilogue
In short, from the third year of Shunzhi (1646) when the high school scholar was promoted to Hanlin, to the kangxi decade (1671) to return to his hometown, Wei Yijie relied on his great influence in the dynasty, dominating the literary world for nearly thirty years, becoming a veritable literary leader at that time. After the Kangxi Dynasty (1671) returned to his hometown, although his interaction with the outside world decreased, he studied quietly, closer to the rich and diverse real life, improved his learning, and became more active and mature in literary creation, so that the quantity and quality of his surviving works were at the forefront of the time. In particular, Wei Yijie has lived in the yanzhao domain for a long time, which is nourished by the unique regional culture here, and always presents its inherent regional characteristics, and constantly promotes the breeding and growth of the local cultural context, leaving a strong mark on the history of Chinese literature and regional culture.
(This article was published in the Journal of Shaoxing University of Arts and Sciences, No. 5, 2020)