Mathematics is considered the language of the universe and the basis of our understanding of the world, so the achievements of great mathematicians are far greater than those of ordinary scientists and will forever be remembered in the annals of history.
In the process of mathematical learning, there are always some mathematicians' names, and when they hear them, they make people feel shocked, and subconsciously stand up, as if the wrong posture of listening is disrespectful to the gods.
Today, Sister Qualityxin will share with you the top ten immortal mathematicians in the history of the world, dipped in the immortal spirit of mathematics.
Note: This article aims to share the immortal mathematicians, dipped in immortal qi ~ ranking in no particular order
Archimedes
Math God: Don't move my circle!
Archimedes had brilliant achievements in mathematics and was a great mathematician of the Alexandria period. His greatest contribution to mathematics was the study of geometry, and in the book Measures of Circles he proved that Pi lies between and. He also developed the exhaustion method of his predecessors, which was used to find area and volume, and to find the surface area and volume formulas of spheres, cylinders, ellipses, and cones.
Leonhard Euler
Math Hero: Teacher, how many stars are there in the sky?
Euler, born in 1707, is considered the greatest mathematician ever made on Earth. In his time, he was as important as the genius Albert Einstein.
Euler's name can be seen in almost every field of mathematics - Euler lines for elementary geometry, Euler's theorem for polyhedra, Euler's transformation formula for stereo analytic geometry, Euler's function for number theory, Euler's equation for variational method, Euler's formula for complex variable functions... Euler was also the most prolific mathematician in the history of mathematics, writing 886 books and papers in his lifetime, an average of more than 800 pages per year, and the Petersburg Academy of Sciences worked for 47 years to organize his work. His books Introduction to Infinitesimal Analysis, Differential Calculus, and Integrals were the standard Calculus textbooks of the 18th century. Euler also created a number of mathematical symbols, such as f(x), Σ, i, e, etc., making mathematics easier to express and generalize.
Carl Friedrich Gauss
Prince of Mathematics: One-half proof equals 0
Gauss's achievements spread throughout all areas of mathematics, including number theory, non-Euclidean geometry, differential geometry, supergeometric series, complex variable function theory, and elliptic function theory.
Gauss's important contribution to algebra was the proof of the fundamental theorem of algebra, and his proof of existence opened up new avenues of mathematical research. In fact, many mathematicians before Gauss thought that a proof of this result had been given, but none of them was rigorous. Gauss pointed out the shortcomings of the previous proofs, and then put forward his own opinions, and he gave a total of four different proofs in his lifetime. Gauss obtained the principles of non-Euclidean geometry around 1816. He also delved into complex functions, established some basic concepts and discovered the famous Cauchy integral theorem. He devoted his life to research, working until his death at the age of 77, both smart and hardworking, which ranked him at the top of the ranking of the world's top mathematicians.
Bernhard Riemann
The Mathematical Mystery: Did the Riemann Conjecture Solve It?
Riemann's work directly influenced the development of mathematics in the second half of the 19th century, and many outstanding mathematicians re-demonstrated the theorems asserted by Riemann, and many branches of mathematics achieved brilliant achievements under the influence of Riemann's thought.
Riemann first proposed new ideas and methods for studying number theory with complex variable function theory, especially ζ functions, which created a new period of analytic number theory and had a profound impact on the development of single complex variable function theory. He is one of the most original mathematicians in the history of mathematics in the world, and Riemann's works are few, but they are extremely profound, full of conceptual creation and imagination. His name appears in Riemann ζ functions, Riemann integrals, Riemann lemma lemma, Riemannian manifolds, Riemann spaces, Riemann reflection theorem, Riemann–Hilbert problems, Cauchy–Riemann equations, and Riemannian idea loopback matrices. The Riemann hypothesis is an extremely complex problem of the distribution of prime numbers, which, as soon as it was proposed, quickly became one of the largest open-ended problems in modern science, overwhelmed countless mathematicians, and is still very meaningful today.
Euclid
Father of Geometry: There is no avenue paved here for kings
Euclid lived around 300 BC and is considered the world's top mathematician for his masterpiece The Primitive Geometry. Euclid's greatest contribution to mathematics was to provide a set of paradigms for studying mathematics—axiomatization.
The Primitives of Geometry consists of 13 volumes containing 465 propositions or theorems, each of which is not imaginary, but is based on the previous discussion, or the previous one. Like dominoes, a theorem can evolve forward as long as it is determined, pushing down many dominoes. It is the foundation of European mathematics, summarizing the five major public institutions of plane geometry, and is widely regarded as the most successful textbook in history, and was used as a textbook until the 20th century. Unfortunately, little is known about his life, and what exists was written long after his death. Nevertheless, Euclid's theorem is considered a model of rigorous thinking about theorems and verification of truths, and has become a model for constructing all systems of knowledge that continue to this day.
Joseph Lagrange
Trailblazer in mathematical analysis: My family went bankrupt, and that was one of the luckiest things of my life
Lagrange summed up the mathematical achievements of the 18th century, and at the same time opened the way for the mathematical research of the 19th century, and can be called the most outstanding mathematical master in France.
He separated mathematical analysis from geometry and mechanics, made the independence of mathematics clearer, and from then on mathematics was no longer just a tool of other disciplines. For more than a hundred years, many new achievements in mathematics can be traced directly or indirectly to Lagrange's work. Therefore, he is considered in the history of mathematics to be one of the mathematicians who had a comprehensive influence on the development of analytical mathematics.
Pythagoras
Crazy Homo sapiens: Please stop, I heard the voice of one of my former friends from this dog barking
Born into an aristocratic family on the island of Samos in the Aegean Sea (present-day a small island in eastern Greece), Pythagoras was intelligent and studious from an early age, studying geometry, natural sciences and philosophy under a famous teacher. Because of the wisdom of the East, through thousands of rivers and mountains, he traveled to the two ancient civilizations of the world at that time, Babylon and India, and Egypt (disputed), and absorbed the cultures of Mesopotamian civilization and Indian civilization (480 BC).
He was the first to realize that there are laws of numbers behind everything, and believed that neither the external material world nor the inner spiritual world could be explained without mathematics. He was a distinguished contributor to both number theory and geometry, and is particularly known for his earliest discovery of the Pythagorean theorem (known in the West as the Pythagorean theorem). The "Pythagorean theorem" plays a great role in modern measurement and technical equipment, and has also become the basis of theorem in mathematics, science, physics and other fields, unlike most ancient theories, it is closely related to the development of geometry and opens the door to mathematical research.
Leonardo Fibonacci
Leonardo of Pisa: The rabbit number sequence is simple
Inventor of the "Fibonacci sequence" and fractions. In 1202, he wrote The Principles of Abacus, and he was the first European to study Indian and Arabic mathematical theories.
Fibonacci learned the Arabic numeral system while in North Africa and realized that it was simpler and more efficient than bulky Roman numerals, so decided to learn from the Arab world. After returning to Italy in 1202, Arabic numerals were introduced and applied to many world situations to further advocate their use. As a result of his work, the system was gradually adopted, and today he is considered a major player in the development of modern mathematics.
Cantor
Mathematical Maniac: The essence of mathematics lies in its freedom
Cantor's main contribution to mathematics was the creation of new and epoch-making set theory and the theory of super-poor numbers. This radically transformed the structure of mathematics, facilitated the establishment and development of many other new branches of mathematics, and had a profound impact on logic.
For more than two thousand years, scientists have been exposed to infinity, but they are unable to grasp and understand it, which is indeed a sharp challenge to mankind. With the uniqueness of his thinking, the richness of his imagination, and the novelty of his methods, Cantor painted a fine picture of human intelligence— set theory and the theory of ultra-poor numbers, which shocked the entire mathematical and even philosophical circles at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cauchy
Bitter Melon: I'm not bitter at all, I just love math
Cauchy devoted his life to scientific research and achieved great success in mathematics. His pioneering theory of single-complex functions was the origin of modern complex variable function theory. In the study of limits, he used the limits of sums to define definite integrals, which not only laid a strict foundation for calculus but also promoted the development of the entire analytics. In addition, he contributed to the development of elastic mechanics and became one of the founders of mathematical elastic theory.
Analytical aspects: the basic concept of traveling the Din characteristic line in the theory of first-order partial differential equations; recognizing the role of the Fourier transform in solving differential equations, and so on. Geometric: Integral geometry was pioneered, and the length of the planar convex curve was derived from the formula for expressing it with some orthogonal projection of a plane straight line. Algebraic aspect: first proved that the matrix with the order exceeded has eigenvalues; the formula for multiplying the two determinants with binei at the same time was found, the concept of permutation groups was clearly proposed, and some non-trivial results in group theory were obtained; the so-called "algebraic essentials" were independently discovered, that is, Grassmann's principle of external algebra.
Count the number of circles
There are also some giant gods
Let people call tql directly
Wei Dongyi
The "number one madman" of the School of Mathematics: Welcome to Peking University
In 2008, he participated in the 49th International Mathematical Olympiad and won the gold medal with full marks; in the second year of high school, he participated in the 50th International Mathematical Olympiad and won the gold medal with full marks; in 2010, he was escorted to Peking University; after graduating from undergraduate in 2014, he studied at Peking University for a master's degree; after graduating with a doctorate in 2018, he engaged in postdoctoral research at the Beijing International Mathematical Research Center; and in 2019, he was hired as an assistant professor at Peking University.
"The existence of Wei Shen made me understand that I was born in this world, in fact, to fill the numbers."
Deng Mingyang
18-year-old double-material competition gold medalist: I'm just a beginner in math
Deng Mingyang, who has embarked on the competition road since the third grade of primary school, is a recognized mathematical genius, who has won numerous awards along the way: the first place in the early training of the National People's Congress, the national collection of informatics and mathematics, the gold medal of the junior high school NOI and CMO, the 15-year-old Tsinghua and Peking University exam-free guarantee qualification winners, the 16-year-old gold medalist of the 60th International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), the only regular admission of the 17-year-old MIT Chinese mainland, the 18-year-old double-subject national team player...
Nie Zipei
Nie Shen: Fun
In 2010, he won the only gold medal with full scores in the 3rd Romanian Masters Cup, entered the Chinese national team in the same year, and won the only full score gold medal of the current session again at the subsequent 51st IMO. He entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as an undergraduate in 2011 and pursued his Ph.D. in mathematics at Princeton University in September 2015.
When a classmate asked him why he studied mathematics, he replied, "Because it's fun."
true! too! strong! finish!
It's the degree of seeing one wonder at a time